Computer Fundamental and Introduction Computers

Fundamentals for Better Communication
Through Computer
By
P. H. Prajapati
Extension Education Institute
AAU, Anand

What is Computer ?
 Computer is an electronic device.
 Can store large amounts of data.
 Can performing operations on data.
 Performing given function on the data & displays the result
as output.
 Process data whenever needed.
 Known from ‘to compute’

What is Process?
 Computer works on data as per programme is called
process.
 Processing means operations like…..
 Calculations,
 Logical decision making,
 Outputting data,
 Communicating with others computer etc.

History of Computers
 First(1945-1955): Used vacuum tubes. Were very large.
Generated immense heat. Very expensive.
 Second(1955-1965): Used transistors. Continued to be large and
expensive.
 Third(1965-1975): Used integrated circuits. Significant reduction
in size and cost
 Fourth(1975-1995): Uses Very Large Scale Integration. Desktop
computers would not have been possible
without VLSI. It used Microprocessor minimizing the
size of P.C.
 Fifth (in progress): Will provide us with Artificial intelligence. Also
called knowledge information processing
system

Characteristics of Computer
 Speed
 Arithmetical and Logical
Operations
 Accuracy
 Reliability
 Storage
 Retrieving Data and
Programme
 Automation
 Versatility (Flexible)
 Consistency
 Communications

Computer Fundamental and Introduction Computers

Hardware/Software
• Computer Hardware
Parts of computer, which can be touch is called hardware.
(Physical Parts)
 Monitor
 CPU
 Key Board
 Mouse
 Speaker
• Computer Software
Parts of computer, which can not be touch is called software.
• Operating System Software : Windows, MAC, Linux
• Application Software : MS Office, Photoshop, Media Player
• Internet Browser Software : Internet Explorer, Google Chrome,
Mozilla Firefox, etc.

Classification of Computers
 Personal computer :
 A single-user computer
 Can be useful at School, Home, etc.
 Known as Micro Computer
 Laptop, Desktop
 Workstation :
 A powerful, single-user computer.
 A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful
microprocessor
 higher-quality monitor.
 Can be found in companies etc.

 Minicomputer
 A multi-user computer
 Capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously.
 Can be found in banks, government departments etc.
 Mainframe
 A powerful multi-user computer
 Capable of supporting hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
 Supercomputer
 An extremely fast computer
 Can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second
 Weather, scientific research can be done by these types of computer.

Applications of Computer
• Science research
• Education
• Business applications
• Banking
• Office Automation
• Desktop publishing
• Management aids
• Engineering designing
• Road traffic control
• Railway
• Medicine
• Information services

What is Internet
 Inter connection of many computers via network.
 Global connected through network (through LAN or WAN)
 To provide the various application services i.e. E-Mail, Usenet (News),
WWW, Telnet, FTP, etc
 At any time millions user connected to the internet from many countries.

Uses of Internet
 Searching
 E-mail service
 Commercial Services
 Electronic books & Publication
 Video Conferencing
 Sharing data and results quickly
 Retrieving files & Program of all types
 Find information databases and tutorials
 News paper columns
 Banking
 Downloading / Uploading any information
 News, sports, stocks, music etc.
 Use of internet in various fields like education, Business, governance, etc.
 And many more ………………..

Useful Keys Internet
• Network: Connecting computers with each other For exchanging
information
• Client : It is a programme or computer for getting special
information from another compute.
• Server: It is a programme or computer, which gives information to
the client computer.
• Protocol: It’s a rules for connecting to the internet. (TCP/IP)
• Portal: It is a website. Known as a gateway of internet.
(Search engine)
06/01/25 13

Router: It is a device, which decides where data will be send
(Network point)
www : World Wide Web
Browser: It is a programme which helps us to use internet
Website: Group of different web pages.
URL : Universal Resource Locator

.com : Commercial organization
.net : Large Networks
.gov : Government organization
.org : non-profit making organization
.edu : educational organization
.mil : military organization
.in : India
.au : Australia
.us : United States
.uk : United Kingdom
Types of Website (Domain No.)

Computer Fundamental and Introduction Computers

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