Computer Fundamental
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The document provides an overview of computers and their components. It discusses how computers accept data as input, process it, and produce output. The main components are the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and networking capabilities. It also covers different types of computers from personal to servers, and examples of how computers are used in various sectors like education, healthcare, business, and more.
Computer Fundamental
- 1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers JAI SHANKAR MCA~STUDENT
- 2. How is a computer defined? What Is a Computer? Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory The computer first , Accepts data such as raw facts, figures, and symbol then , Processes data into information (Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful ) finally , Produces and stores results
- 3. What is the information processing cycle ? Input Process Output Storage Communication
- 4. Basic Concepts of Computer Hardware This model of the typical digital computer is often called the von Neumann computer. Programs and data are stored in the same memory: primary memory. CPU (Central Processing Unit) Input Units Output Units Primary Memory
- 5. The Components of a Computer What is an input device ? Hardware used to enter data and instructions _____ WEB CAM DIGITAL CAMERA SCANNER
- 6. The Components of a Computer What is an output device ? Hardware that conveys information to a user ______ MONITER
- 7. The Components of a Computer What is the system unit ? Box-like case containing electronic components used to process data C.P.U
- 8. What is the magical inside the black box? Power Supply CPU Memory card Sound Card Video Card Storage Units
- 9. The Components of a Computer What are two main components on the motherboard? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do Memory Temporary holding place for data and instructions RAM
- 10. The Components of a Computer What is storage ? Storage media Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
- 11. Storage device What is a floppy disk ? Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell A Zip ® disk looks similar but has much greater storage capability (=170 floppy disk)
- 12. The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk ? Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip ® disk Housed inside the system unit
- 13. The Components of a Computer What is a compact disc ? Flat, round, portable metal disc CD-ROM CD-RW Capacity: 673~768 MB DVD-ROM DVD+RW Capacity:4.7 ~ 17.1 GB
- 14. The Components of a Computer What is miniature storage media ? Digital cameras Handheld computers Portable, thin memory cards used in:
- 15. Why Is a Computer So Powerful? What makes a computer powerful? Speed Reliability Accuracy Storage Communications
- 16. Networks and the Internet What is a network ? Communications Media Communications Device Collection of computers and devices connected together One type is a modem Enables a connection between computers Cables Cellular radio Telephone lines Satellites
- 17. Networks and the Internet Why do we need network? To share Resources Hardware devices Software programs Data To save time and money Information
- 18. Networks and the Internet What is a server ? Manages the resources on a network A client accesses the resources on the server
- 19. Networks and the Internet What is the Internet ? Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers
- 20. Networks and the Internet Why do users access the Internet? Information Shopping Banking and Investing Classes Entertainment Communications
- 21. Networks and the Internet What is the World Wide Web (WWW) ? A Web site is a collection of related Web pages A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo community Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
- 22. Computer Software How do you install and run a software program? Step 1. Insert the program disc into the CD-ROM drive Step 2. Install the software program by instruction in the disc, then run the program Step 3. The program executes A program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do
- 23. Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI) ? Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information
- 24. Computer Software What is system software ? Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices
- 25. Computer Software What is application software ? Presentation Graphics Spreadsheet Database Word Processing Programs that perform specific tasks for users Suite Popular software applications bundled together as a single unit
- 26. Computer Software What is a programmer ? Someone who develops application or system software Programmer writes instructions to direct computer to process data into information
- 27. Categories of Computers What are the categories of computers? Personal computers (desktop) Mobile computers and mobile devices Midrange servers Mainframe computers Supercomputers
- 28. Personal Computers What are the two most popular series of personal computers? PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)
- 29. Personal Computers What is a desktop computer ? Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table
- 30. Personal Computers What is a notebook computer ? Portable, small enough to fit on your lap(2 lbs to 9 lbs ) Also called a laptop Generally more expensive than a desktop computer
- 31. Handheld Computers What is a tablet PC ? Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the screen using a stylus Smaller version is the modular computer What are Web-enabled handheld computers? Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet Web-enabled telephone is a “smart phone”
- 32. Handheld Computers What is a personal digital assistant (PDA) ? Provides personal organizer functions Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad
- 33. Servers What types of servers are there? Midrange server Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations
- 34. Elements of an Information System What are information system elements ? People Procedures Data Software Hardware Step 1. People develop procedures for processing data Step 2. People use software to enter data into computer (hardware) Step 3. Software processes data and directs hardware to store and or output information
- 35. Examples of Computer Usage What are five categories of computer users? Home Small Office/ Home Office (SOHO) Mobile Large Business Power
- 36. Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a home user? Web access Entertainment Communications Personal finance management
- 37. Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user? Local area network (LAN) Productivity software Specialty software Web usage E-mail
- 38. Examples of Computer Usage What is available for a mobile user? Hardware Software Productivity Presentation Personal information manager Notebook computers Handheld computers Web-enabled cellular phones
- 39. Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user? Web access Public kiosk Telecommuting Network Productivity software Scheduling
- 40. Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of a power user? Speed and large amounts of storage Types of power users Engineers Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists
- 41. Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society? Education Finance Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Industry