Computer Networking Theory Assignment 1
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Illustrate this Basic concept of Computer networks and distributed systems, Goals of networking, General approaches of communication within a network, Network classification, Uses & Network Software's.
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Computer Networking Theory Assignment 1
- 1. Assignment - 1 Course Title: Computer Networks Theory Course Code: CSE 317 Submitted To Pranab Bandhu Nath Senior Lecturer, Department Of CSE City University, Dhaka Submitted By Hasibul Islam Nirob ID: 182482526 BSc in CSE (Day) Batch: 49th
- 2. 1. Illustrate this Basic concept of Computer networks and distributed systems? Each machine works toward a common goal and the end-user views results as one cohesive unit. Each machine has its own end-user and the distributed system facilitates sharing resources or communication services. Hardware and software architectures are used to maintain a distributed system. Everything must be interconnected—CPUs via the network and processes via the communication system. Distributed networking, used in distributed computing, is the network system over which computer programming, software, and its data are spread out across more than one computer, but communicate complex messages through their nodes (computers), and are dependent upon each other. Goals of networking • It provides sharing of resources such as information, devices or processors • It provides inter-process communication among user and processors. • It provides the network user with maximum performance at minimum cost • It provides centralized control for a geographically distributed system. • It provides compatibility of dissimilar equipment and software. • It provides centralized management and allocation of network resources. • It provides distributed processing functions. Resource sharing: is the main objective of the computer network. The goal is to provide all the program, date and hardware is available to everyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the users. Reliability: The second objective is to provide the high Reliability. It is achieved by replicating the files on two or more machines, so in case of unavailability (due to fail of hardware) the other copies can be used. Scalability: Computer network have provided means to increase system performance as the work load increases (load balancing). In the days of mainframe when the system was full it was to replace with the other large mainframe computer, usually at and expensive rate not convenience for user.
- 3. Performance: Another closely related goal is to increase the systems performance as the work load increases by just adding more processors. With central mainframes, when the system is full, it must be replaced by a larger one, usually at great expense and with even greater disruption to the users. Security: Only authorized user can access resource in a computer network. Users are authenticated by their username and password. Hence it is not possible to access the data without proper account. This increases security. General approaches of communication within a network: Client-server—Clients contact the server for data, then format it and display it to the end-user. Three-tier—Information about the client is stored in a middle tier rather than on the client to simplify application deployment. This architecture model is most common for web applications. n-tier—Generally used when an application or server needs to forward requests to additional enterprise services on the network. Peer-to-peer—There are no additional machines used to provide services or manage resources. Responsibilities are uniformly distributed among machines in the system, known as peers, which can serve as either client or server. Network classification: • PAN (Personal Area Network) • LAN (Local Area Network) • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) • WAN (Wide Area Network)
- 4. 1. PAN (Personal Area Network): • Personal Area Network covers an area of 10 meters. • PAN includes mobile devices, tablet, and laptop. • Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the idea of the Personal Area Network. 2. LAN (Local Area Network) • Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as school, laboratory, home, and office building. • It is a network which consists of less than 5000 interconnected devices across several buildings. • Data of all network users can be stored on a single hard disk of the server computer. • Local Area Network provides higher security 3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) • Metropolitan Area Network or MAN is consisting of a computer network across an entire city, college campus, or a small region • The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc. • It offers fast communication using high-speed carriers, like fiber optic cables. 4. WAN (Wide Area Network)- • WAN network system could be a connection of a LAN which connects with other LAN's using telephone lines and radio waves. It is mostly limited to an enterprise or an organization. • A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and education. • The software files will be shared among all the users; therefore, all can access to the latest files.
- 5. Uses & Network Software’s Difference Between Operating System Software and Application Software Operating System Software Application Software A system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs A software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks or activities for the benefit of the user Works as the interface between the user and hardware, performs process management, memory management, task scheduling, hardware device controlling and many more Performs a single specific task Developed using C, C++, Assembly languages Developed using Java, Visual Basic, C, C++ Boots up when the user switches on the computer and runs till he switches off the machine Runs only when the user requests to run the application Necessary for the proper functioning of the computer Cannot be installed without an operating system Ex: Windows, Unix, Linux, MAC Ex: Word, Spreadsheet, Presentation, Multimedia tools, Database Management Systems & any Website
- 6. Difference Between Hardware, Firmware and Software Hardware Firmware Software Hardware is a physical entity. While firmware is a set of instructions. Software’s are generally set of instructions to instruct computer. Hardware is referenced as the body of instruments or devices. Updating of hardware’s are usually difficult. While firmware is referenced as the heart of instruments or devices. Updating of firmware’s are usually difficult. Updating of software’s are very easier. Programs are required to run the hardware. While it is the program itself. Software usually run of CPU and main processors. Hardware can’t function without a firmware. While it operates on hardware. Software’s cannot be a firmware. The user can easily modify the hardware. While here, the user can’t easily modify. It can be changed constantly. Ex: Remote, Keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc. Ex: BIOS, EPROM chips, etc. Types of software includes application software, shareware, system software, etc. Hardware is a complete tool for device. While the firmware is saved in hardware. Software’s are designed for user interaction.