Concept of Community health and community diagnosis.pptx

Concept of Community health and community diagnosis.pptx

• 1.
  Concepts of- Community Health & CommunityDiagnosis Dr. Anuj Singh Asst. professor Community Medicine
• 4.
  Community health isabout improving the health and well- being of people in a specific area or community. Community health is about improving the health and well- being of people in a specific area or community. It focuses on preventing diseases, promoting healthy lifestyles, and providing access to basic healthcare services.
• 5.
  Community health effortsoften involve educating people about health, organizing programs like vaccinations and health check-ups, and addressing common problems like malnutrition, sanitation, and infectious diseases. The goal is “to ensure everyone in the community can live a healthier and better life”
• 9.
  Principles of Community health
• 10.
  Community health principlesinclude:- 1) Population health: The focus is on the health of the entire population, including individuals, families, and groups 2) Primary prevention: Prioritizing activities that prevent health issues 3) Collaboration: Working with other professions, organizations, and communities to promote health 4) Community participation: Involving the community in planning and making decisions about their health
• 11.
  Community health principlesinclude: cont.. 5. Evidence-based strategies: Using research and best practices to improve health 6. Health promotion: Creating healthy conditions for people to thrive 7. Access and affordability: Making healthcare available and affordable 8. Holistic approach: Considering the physical, mental, and social health of a population
• 12.
  Concept of- Community Diagnosis
• 13.
  What is community? • A cluster of people with at least one common characteristic ( geographical location, occupation, housing condition, exposure to common risk factors, etc). • A group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a large society.
• 14.
  COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
• 15.
  WHO definition- • Itis a quantitative and qualitative description of the health of citizens and the factors which influence their health and it identifies problems, proposes areas for improvement and stimulates action
• 16.
  Community diagnosis • Communitydiagnosis is a comprehensive assessment of health status of the community in relation to its- social, physical and • biological environment.
• 17.
  SOCIAL ANATOM Y SOCIAL PATHOLOG Y QUALITATIV E ESTIMATIO N QUANTITATIV E ESTIMATION COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS SOCIAL PHYSIOLOGY
• 18.
  Objectives- 1. Estimates themagnitude of the health problems and determinants 2. Identifying risk factors driving continued trends 3. Analyse the trends and changing paradigms of these problems and determinants 4. Targeting interventions or planning services for maximum impacts 5. Assessing impact of intervention on desired outcome
• 19.
  Types of informationfor community diagnosis- •Health situations and needs •Availability of resources •Accessibility and utilization of existing health resources •Impact on health outcomes •Health care financing
• 20.
  General framework for- communitydiagnosis
• 21.
  General framework forcommunity diagnosis- 1. Defining the community 2. Sources of information and methods 3. Health indicators 4. Trend analysis 5. Characteristics of community diagnosis
• 22.
  Types of communitydiagnosis 1.Comprehensive: To gather general information about community like demographic, sociocultural, economic, health-related information, resources available. 2.Problem based: To gather information responding to a particular problem and to address its solution.
• 23.
  Comprehensive community diagnosis Demographic Socioeconom ic andcultural Health and illness pattern Health resources Political & leadership pattern 1.Total population and geographical area 2 age and sex 3.Vital indicators 4.Migratio 5.Populati on 1.Social indicators 2.Economi c indicators 3.Environ me nt indicators 4.Cultural factor s 1.Causes of mortality, mortality, MMR,IM R, hospital admissio n 1.Manpo we r resources 2.material resources 1.Power structure 2.Attitud es of the people
• 24.
  Demographic variables- • Totalpopulation & geographical distribution • Age & sex composition • Vital indicators • Patterns of migration • Population projection • Population groups needs attention
• 25.
  Social economic andcultural variables Social indicators Economi c indicato rs Environment al indicators Cultur al factor s 1] communication network 2]transportation system 3 educational level 4 housing condition 1] poverty level income 2]unemploym e nt 3 income 4types of industry 5]occupati on 1 physical /geographical 2 water supply 3]waste disposal 4] air, water, soil pollution 1]ethnicity 2]social class 3]religion 4]race 5]cultural beliefs
• 26.
  Health and illnesspattern- • Leading causes of mortality • Leading causes of morbidity • Leading causes of infant mortality • Leading causes of maternal mortality • Leading causes of hospital admission
• 27.
  Health resources Manpower resourcesMaterial recourses 1. Categories of health manpower 2. Geographical distribution health facilities 3. type of health organisation 4. quality of health manpower 5. existing manpower policies 1. health budget and manpower 2. sources of health funding 3. categories of health institutions 4.Hospital bed-population ratio 5.categories of services
• 28.
  Political and leadershippatterns • Power structures in the community • Attitude of the population towards authority • Conditions causing the social conflict • Practices effective in setting the issues
• 29.
  Decide the scope/areasto be studied Population census and statistical data Concerns or views from the local people Conduct surveys to obtain quantitative and qualitative data Retrieve from government departments or relevant organisations Collect and analyse From a community diagnosis and disseminate the report via different channels Establish and prioritise areas for improvement Overview of community diagnosis
• 30.
  Steps in -Community diagnosis
• 31.
  Steps in communitydiagnosis • Step1: Establishing a community diagnosis team • Step2: Analysing the existing health data • Step3: Collecting community data- Survey, questionnaire interviews, focus groups discussions
• 32.
  • Step4: Combiningexisting health statistics with community data • Step5: choosing health priorities • Step6: developing the community health action plan • Step7: measuring environmental and policy changes • Step8: creating the community diagnosis document
• 33.
  Limitations of communitydiagnosis 1. Limitation to provide valid inputs to enable prioritizing health care facilities and interventions. 2. Effects of health problems of individuals and their relatives cannot be assessed 3. Community need to be consulted regarding their perceptions of values to assess the correctness of community diagnosis
• 34.
  Example of communityproblem Health problem in a community example: _malaria in a community step 1: Establishing the community health team team members: State level District level Mandal level Village level
• 35.
  Step 2: Analysingthe existing health data • Malaria prevalence In INDIA • In TELANGANA • In HYDERABAD district • In RHC patancheru • In village- chitkul
• 36.
  Step3: collecting communitydata • 1] using community or health system malaria records IHIP data, PHC records, ANM records • 2] conducting the fever survey through questionnaire a.basic demographic data b.human behaviour c.perception of illness d. treatment seeking behaviour
• 37.
  Step 4: Combiningthe existent health statistics with community data • Review of data from step 2 and step 3 • Confirmation of health issues • Comparison with other communities
• 38.
  Step 5: choosingthe health priorities • Improvement of patients condition by treatment • Mosquitos control measures • Sanitation improvement • Health education
• 39.
  Step 6: developingcommunity health action plan 1] Health intervention- a] case management b] anti adult and anti larval measures c]other vector control measures d] mass treatment for fever •
• 40.
  • 2] prevention a]insecticide treated nets b] IPTp c] IPTi d] IRS e. effective anti-malarial drugs f. source reduction [ Friday-dry day] h] community
• 41.
  Step 7: measuringenvironmental and policy changes 1 evaluate the success of the interventions 2 Community level indicator data to know the extent of community making changes
• 42.
  Step 8: creatingthe community diagnosis document This document having assessment results and plans with community A. malarial cases B.malarial transmission C.malarial deaths D. impact of effective treatment E.mosquito control by IRS • F] prevention of malaria in pregnancy • G] diagnosis • H] appropriate treatment at health facility • I] routine distribution of mosquito nets • J] anti malarial drug supplies • K] reporting of malaria cases in health facilities
• 43.
  individual diagnosis Vs communitydiagnosis
• 44.
  •Obtain a historyof the patients symptoms. •Examine the patient and observe the sign. •Perform lab tests. Eg: x-ray and others CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS • Obtain health awareness of the community by informal meeting and discussions. • Obtain measurable facts of causes through basic demographic survey. • Conduct specific survey based on finding of basic demographic surveys
• 45.
  • To infercausation from the history and test results to make the diagnosis. • Provide treatment. • Follow up and assess effectiveness of the treatment • Make inference from the data to make the community diagnosis. • Prescribe community treatment or community health action as part of community health programme. • Evaluate(follow up) the effect of community health action. CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
• 46.
  • Patient awareof the problem • Patient take initiative for problem solving . • Pathological conditions affects patient alone. • It may or may not be related to environment • Community may or may not be aware of the problem. • Community rarely takes initiative. • Can not be treated as isolated occurrence. • Each condition is linked to the inter-related factors in the environment CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS