CONDITIONS AND TREATMENTS OF STROKE.pptx

CONDITIONS AND TREATMENTS OF STROKE.pptx

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  CONDITIONS AND TREATMENTS OFSTROKE Presented by:- Afsana , isha kareem, sara bibi, unsa memon,Noorulain Roll no:- 66 to 70
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  STROKE  A Strokeis rapid loss of brain function due to the disturbance in the blood supply to brain .  A stroke happens when blood flow to a part of the brain stops and it is sometimes called “ brain attack’.  A stroke is the medical emergency and treatment must be sought as quickly as possible.  Stroke can cause brain damage, long-term disability , even death.
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  The most commontypes of disabilities after stroke are;  Impaired speech  Restrickted physical activities  Weakness or paralysis of limb on one side of the body ( leg ,arm)  Difficulty in gripping or holding things  Slowed ability to communicate
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  Risk factors MODIFIABLE :FIXED :  High blood pressure > age  Heart disease(heart failure , > gender(male>female) endocarditis) > heredity  Diabetes mellitus  Hyperlipidemia  Excess alcohol consumption  Smoking  obesity, sedentary lifestyle
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  HEMORRHAGIC STROKE ISHA KAREEM DPT/1-21/074
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  HEMORRHAGIC STOKE Hemorrhagic strokeoccurs when a weakened Blood vessels in the brain that leaks and ruptures and And bleed in to surrounding Brain. Two TYPE OF HEMORRHAGIC STROKE 1. Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic 2.Intracerebral Hemorrhagic
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  TWO TYPE OFHEMORRHAGIC STROKE 1.Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic.. Bleeding happened in the area between the Brain and skull. 2. Intracerebral Hemorrhagic.. Bleeding inside the brain .
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  CAUSES OF HEMORRHAGICSTROKE  High blood pressure.  Injury.  Bleeding disorder.  Abnormal blood vessels (AVMs).  Aneurysm( A weak area in the Artery).
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  SYMPTOMS OF HEMORRHAGICSTROKE  Sudden and Severe headache.  Vision problem , Inability to look at bright light.  Loss of balance and coordination.  Becoming Unable to move.  Numbness and weakness on one side of body , stiffness or pain in the neck area .  Confusion and loss of alertness.  Loss of speech or Difficulty understanding speech.  Nausea and vomiting and change in heartbeat and breathing .
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  DIAGNOSIS OF HAEMORRHAGICSTROKE  HAEMORRHAGIC stroke Can be diagnose by two ways 1 CT scan 2 MRI
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  For subarchnoid haemorrhagFor intercerebral haemorrha
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  Treatment of Hemarrhogicstroke  Medications used in the treatment of haemorrhagic stroke are  anticonvulsants such as diazepam, to prevent seizure recurrence  antihypertensive agents such as labetalol, to reduce blood pressure (BP) and other risk factors for heart disease  osmotic diuretics such as mannitol, to decrease intracranial pressure in the subarachnoid space.
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  Surgery procedure ofhaemorrhagic stroke Craniotomy It is for relieving intercranial pressure When there is bleed near the surface of the skull The part of the skull bone remove And show brain to drain any accumlate blood and relive pressure . FOR CRANIOTOMY ANGIOGRAPHY IS DIAGNOSING METHOD TO FIND EXACT LOCATION WHERE BLOOD ACCUMLATE IN THE BRAIN TISSUE
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   STAREOTACTIC ASPIRATION Itis surgical procedure used when bleed that’s located deep In the Brain tissue drain to relive pressure It is done under CT scanner to help guide a needle to the exact spot where blood needs to be drain
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  Physiotherapy after haemorrhagicstroke  Physiotherapy Play important part of rehabilitation following stroke. Physiotherapy can help restore loss of movement following a stroke. It can help person regain strength and movement, enabling person to be as independent as possible.
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  Physical exercise afterstroke 1 Stationary cycling for  Improved memory and brain functioning.  Lower blood pressure. 2. Walking Outside or on treadmill For  Improves Heart health  Weight loss  Strengthens your muscles  Balance
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   Recumbent crosstraining recumbent cross trainig provides a low-impact, full-body workout with multiple resistance levels to challenge Person as person’s fitness level improves. Increasing resistance will help Person strengthen muscles which in turn, will help To improve balance and coordination AND ALSO SOME MANUAL EXERCISE FOR , UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMETRIES
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  Ischemic stroke ▶ Thistype of stroke is caused by a blockage in a artery that supplies blood to the brain. ▶ The blockage is reduces the blood flow and oxygen To the brain , Leading to the damage or death of brain cell ▶ If circulation Is not restore quickly, Brain damage can be permanent. ▶ About 85% fall in to this category.
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  Cause of ischemicstroke ▶ Atherosclerosis: ▶ Fatty deposits lining In the blood vessels wall is called atherosclerosis ▶ Hypertension ▶ Smoking ▶ . Diabetes ▶ . High cholesterol ▶ . Obesity ▶ . Physical inactive
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  Types of ischemicstroke ▶ Thrombotic stroke : ▶ It is caused by blood clot that forms in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. ▶ • Embolic stroke : ▶ It happen when a Clot form somewhere else In the body and travel through the blood vessels to the brain. It gets stuck there and stop the blood flow.
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  Sign and symptoms
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  Treatment of ischemic stroke Presentedby:- Noorulain Enrollment no:- DPT/1-21/070
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  Diagnosis of ischemicstroke  Blood tests. You may have several blood tests, including tests to check how fast the blood clots, whether the blood sugar is too high or low, and whether you have an infection.  Computerized tomography (CT) scan. A CT scan uses a series of X-rays to create a detailed image of your brain. A CT scan can show bleeding in the brain, an ischemic stroke, a tumor or other conditions. Doctors may inject a dye into your bloodstream to view the blood vessels in the neck and brain in greater detail (computerized tomography angiography).  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI uses powerful radio waves and a magnetic field to create a detailed view of the brain. An MRI can detect brain tissue damaged by an ischemic stroke and brain hemorrhages. Your doctor may inject a dye into a blood vessel to view the arteries and veins and highlight blood flow (magnetic resonance angiography or magnetic resonance venography).  Carotid ultrasound. In this test, sound waves create detailed images of the inside of the carotid arteries in the neck. This test shows buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) and blood flow in the carotid arteries.  Cerebral angiogram. In this uncommonly used test, your doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube (catheter) through a small incision, usually in the groin, and guides it through the major arteries and into the carotid or vertebral artery. Then your doctor injects a dye into the blood vessels to make them visible under X-ray imaging. This procedure gives a detailed view of arteries in the brain and neck.  Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart. An echocardiogram can find a source of clots in the heart that may have traveled from the heart to the brain and caused a stroke.
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  TREATMENT OF ISCHEMICSTROKE When it comes to treating ischemic stroke, time is of the essence. The longer a patient goes without treatment, the more damage is done to the brain. That's why it's crucial to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect you or someone else is having an ischemic stroke.  Two common treatments for ischemic stroke are thrombolytic therapy and mechanical thrombectomy. Thrombolytic therapy involves administering medication that dissolves blood clots and improves blood flow to the brain. Mechanical thrombectomy involves physically removing the clot from the blocked artery using a catheter-based procedure. Both of these treatments can be highly effective in restoring blood flow to the brain and minimizing damage.
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   Emergency IVmedication. Therapy with drugs that can break up a clot has to be given within 4.5 hours from when symptoms first started if given intravenously. The sooner these drugs are given, the better. Quick treatment not only improves your chances of survival but also may reduce complications.  An IV injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)— is the gold standard treatment for ischemic stroke. An injection of TPA is usually given through a vein in the arm within the first three hours. Sometimes, TPA can be given up to 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms started.  This drug restores blood flow by dissolving the blood clot causing the stroke. By quickly removing the cause of the stroke, it may help people recover more fully from a stroke. Your doctor will consider certain risks, such as potential bleeding in the brain, to determine whether TPA is appropriate for you.  Emergency endovascular procedures. Doctors sometimes treat ischemic strokes directly inside the blocked blood vessel. Endovascular therapy has been shown to significantly improve outcomes and reduce long-term disability after ischemic stroke. These procedures must be performed as soon as possible:  Medications delivered directly to the brain. Doctors insert a long, thin tube (catheter) through an artery in the groin and thread it to the brain to deliver TPA directly where the stroke is happening. The time window for this treatment is somewhat longer than for injected TPA but is still limited.  Removing the clot with a stent retriever. Doctors can use a device attached to a catheter to directly remove the clot from the blocked blood vessel in the brain. This procedure is particularly beneficial for people with large clots that can't be completely dissolved with TPA. This procedure is often performed in combination with injected TPA.
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   To decreaseyour risk of having another stroke or transient ischemic attack, your doctor may recommend a procedure to open up an artery that's narrowed by plaque. Options vary depending on the situation, but include:  Carotid endarterectomy. Carotid arteries are the blood vessels that run along each side of the neck, supplying the brain (carotid arteries) with blood. This surgery removes the plaque blocking a carotid artery and may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke. A carotid endarterectomy also involves risks, especially for people with heart disease or other medical conditions.  Angioplasty and stents. In an angioplasty, a surgeon threads a catheter to the carotid arteries through an artery in the groin. A balloon is then inflated to expand the narrowed artery. Then a stent can be inserted to support the opened artery.  https://youtu.be/WMMLMunoT1c
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  Medications used totreat ischemic stroke  Aspirin and other antiplatelets  Most people will be given aspirin straight after having an ischaemic stroke. As well as being a painkiller, aspirin is an antiplatelet, which reduces the chances of another clot forming.  Other antiplatelet medicines may be used later, such as clopidogrel and dipyridamole.  Anticoagulants  Some people may be offered an anticoagulant to help reduce their risk of developing new blood clots in the future.  Anticoagulants prevent blood clots by changing the chemical composition of the blood in a way that prevents clots from forming.  Warfarin, apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban and rivaroxaban are examples of anticoagulants for long-term use.  Blood pressure medicines  If your blood pressure is too high, you may be offered medicines to lower it.  Medicines that are commonly used include:  thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, alpha-blockers You'll usually be advised to take a medicine known as a statin.Statins reduce the level of cholesterol in your blood by blocking a chemical (enzyme) in the liver that produces cholesterol.
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  Rehabilitation after ischemicstroke  Introduction  Ischemic stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. After the acute phase, rehabilitation plays a crucial role in the recovery process. The goal of rehabilitation is to help patients regain their independence and improve their quality of life. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of rehabilitation after ischemic stroke, including the different types of therapies, their benefits, and how to access them.  Types of Rehabilitation Therapies  There are several types of rehabilitation therapies that can help patients recover from ischemic stroke:  Physical therapy: Helps patients improve their mobility, strength, and balance through exercises and activities.  Occupational therapy: Helps patients regain their ability to perform daily activities, such as dressing, grooming, and eating.  Speech therapy: Helps patients improve their communication skills and ability to swallow.  Benefits of Rehabilitation  Rehabilitation after ischemic stroke has several benefits, including:  Improved mobility and independence  Reduced risk of complications, such as blood clots and pneumonia  Improved quality of life.
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  Preventing after ischemicstroke  Ischemic stroke is a serious condition that can have devastating consequences. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of having a stroke. One of the most important things you can do is to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This includes eating a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.  In addition to these lifestyle changes, there are also medical interventions that can help prevent ischemic stroke. For example, if you have high blood pressure or high cholesterol, it's important to work with your doctor to manage these conditions. Medications such as statins or blood thinners may be prescribed to help lower your risk of stroke. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove blockages in the arteries that supply blood to the brain.