containerdの概要と最近の機能
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Container Runtime Meetup #3の発表資料です。 高レベルコンテナランタイムcontainerdの概要を紹介しています。 https://runtime.connpass.com/event/198071/
![Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved
containerd
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
12 Docker containerd [1]
5 containerd CNCF [2]
v1.0.0 v1.1.0 v1.2.0 v1.3.0 v1.4.0
(12 ) (4 ) (10 ) (9 ) (8 )
2 containerd CNCF graduation[3]
7 AKS containerd (preview) [7]
8 IKS containerd [4]
9 GKE containerd GA[5]
4 AWS Fargate containerd [6]
v1.5.0-beta.0
(1 )
2016
[1] https://www.docker.com/docker-news-and-press/docker-extracts-and-donates-containerd-its-core-container-runtime-accelerate ; [2] https://www.docker.com/blog/containerd-joins-cncf/ ; [3]
https://www.cncf.io/announcements/2019/02/28/cncf-announces-containerd-graduation/ ; [4] https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/containers?topic=containers-changelog_archive#1112_1513 ; [5] https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-
engine/docs/release-notes-archive#september_5_2019 ; [6] https://aws.amazon.com/jp/blogs/containers/aws-fargate-launches-platform-version-1-4/ ; [7] https://azure.microsoft.com/ja-jp/updates/azure-kubernetes-service-aks-support-for-
containerd-runtime-is-in-preview/](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/containerd-210128094819/85/containerd-6-320.jpg)
![Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved
containerd 1.4.x
Lazy pulling: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/3793
l pull
l Stargz Snapshotter https://github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter proxy snapshotter
OCI eStargz lazy pull
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
estargz
estargz-noopt
legacy
Start up time of python:3.7 (print “hello”)
pull create run
Host: EC2 Oregon (m5.2xlarge, Ubuntu 20.04)
Registry: GitHub Container Registry (ghcr.io)
Commit 7f45f74
(See detailed info in the later slides)
[sec]
Cgroups v2 : https://github.com/containerd/containerd/issues/3726
l Fedora (> 31) cgroup v2 containerd
l cgroup rootless docker
--pids-limit Docker 20.10
SELinux MCS (CRI): https://github.com/containerd/cri/pull/1487
l CRI SELinux MCS Multi Category Security
Pod
l Pod Pod](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/containerd-210128094819/85/containerd-21-320.jpg)
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containerdの概要と最近の機能
- 1. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved containerd Container Runtime Meetup #3 2021/1/28
- 2. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved GitHub:@ktock / Twitter:@TokunagaKohei containerd Stargz Snapshotter
- 3. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved . 4 1
- 4. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved . 4 1
- 5. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved containerd l CNCF graduated 5 l Docker Docker l Kubernetes https://github.com/containerd/containerd l GKE AWS Fargate AKS(preview) IKS l Docker/moby BuildKit k3c PouchContainer l K8s k3s kind minikube kubespray microk8s l FaaS faasd https://sysdig.com/blog/sysdig- 2021-container-security-usage-report/
- 6. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved containerd 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 12 Docker containerd [1] 5 containerd CNCF [2] v1.0.0 v1.1.0 v1.2.0 v1.3.0 v1.4.0 (12 ) (4 ) (10 ) (9 ) (8 ) 2 containerd CNCF graduation[3] 7 AKS containerd (preview) [7] 8 IKS containerd [4] 9 GKE containerd GA[5] 4 AWS Fargate containerd [6] v1.5.0-beta.0 (1 ) 2016 [1] https://www.docker.com/docker-news-and-press/docker-extracts-and-donates-containerd-its-core-container-runtime-accelerate ; [2] https://www.docker.com/blog/containerd-joins-cncf/ ; [3] https://www.cncf.io/announcements/2019/02/28/cncf-announces-containerd-graduation/ ; [4] https://cloud.ibm.com/docs/containers?topic=containers-changelog_archive#1112_1513 ; [5] https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes- engine/docs/release-notes-archive#september_5_2019 ; [6] https://aws.amazon.com/jp/blogs/containers/aws-fargate-launches-platform-version-1-4/ ; [7] https://azure.microsoft.com/ja-jp/updates/azure-kubernetes-service-aks-support-for- containerd-runtime-is-in-preview/
- 7. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved 3 containerd OCI kubelet CRI OCI containerd API dockerd OCI containerd API CRI Docker
- 8. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved 1: Kubernetes CRI kubectl apply Pod CRI OCI runc, gVisor, Kata Containers OCI apiserver kubelet CRI pull/push
- 9. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved 2: Docker docker run containerd runc, gVisor, Kata Containers OCI containerd API dockerd pull/push Docker API
- 10. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved 3: runc, gVisor, Kata Containers OCI l Docker l containerd l containerd containerd l containerd containerd API BuildKit faasd Pouch Container nerdctl
- 11. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved . 4 1
- 12. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved OS plugins containerd l l lDocker BuildKit l unix socket containerd API CRI • /run/containred/containerd.sock l OCI • OCI Firecracker l containerd container image tasks namespace leases version introspection events diff Server runtimes ) () 2 CRI Client containerd API Kubelet 4 .1
- 13. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved OS container image tasks namespace leases version introspection events diff containerd API l Smart Client l containerd API l l pull/push l l OCI config l Go containerd container image … namespace leases content snapshots events tasks OCI spec Server plugins runtimes API
- 14. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved OS Container ctr: https://github.com/containerd/containerd l containerd contianerd CLI l containerd API nerdctl: https://github.com/AkihiroSuda/nerdctl l Docker containerd CLI by Akihiro Suda, NTT l Docker l Lazy pulling containerd containerd containerd l Docker BuildKit faasd Pouch Container container image tasks namespace leases version introspection events diff Server plugins runtimes ctr, nerdctl, Docker, etc containerd API Client lib crictl: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools l Kubernetes sig-node CRI CLI containerd API l Server CRI
- 15. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved containerd l • l unix socket API l /run/containerd/containerd.sock l • API Go plugin • Ø containerd container image tasks namespace leases version snapshots CRI tasks container image tasks namespace leases version introspection events diff OCI spec Client OS plugins shim OCI
- 16. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved containerd container image … namespace leases content snapshots CRI tasks Metadata store OS l • API l persistent metadata store (bbolt; https://github.com/etcd-io/bbolt) l CRI • Ø • Pod CNI shim OCI CRI
- 17. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved OS containerd Content store l pull l Snapshotter l “snapshot” l snapshot rootfs l snapshotter Overlayfs btrfs aufs FUSE… Runtime shim OCI l V2 shim container image … namespace leases content snapshots CRI tasks C o n t e n t s t o r e S n a p s h o t t e r R u n t i m e Content store snapshotter containerd Docker Graph Driver
- 18. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved OS containerd containerd ”tightly scoped” l unix socket gRPC API containerd l Go plugin l containerd API l container image … namespace leases content snapshots CRI tasks shim OCI l Proxy content store IPFS l Proxy snapshotter rootfs lazy pulling l Stream processor l V2 shim OCI Kata s h i m
- 19. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved containerd firecracker-containerd https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker-containerd l AWS Firecracker microVM containerd l Snapshotter v2 runtime microVM API control API Stargz Snapshotter https://github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter l containerd non-core subproject l eStargz lazy pulling snapshotter ”remote” snapshotter imgcrypt https://github.com/containerd/imgcrypt l containerd non-core subproject l stream processor OCI runtime V2 runtime l Kata Containers
- 20. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved . 4 1
- 21. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved containerd 1.4.x Lazy pulling: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/3793 l pull l Stargz Snapshotter https://github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter proxy snapshotter OCI eStargz lazy pull 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 estargz estargz-noopt legacy Start up time of python:3.7 (print “hello”) pull create run Host: EC2 Oregon (m5.2xlarge, Ubuntu 20.04) Registry: GitHub Container Registry (ghcr.io) Commit 7f45f74 (See detailed info in the later slides) [sec] Cgroups v2 : https://github.com/containerd/containerd/issues/3726 l Fedora (> 31) cgroup v2 containerd l cgroup rootless docker --pids-limit Docker 20.10 SELinux MCS (CRI): https://github.com/containerd/cri/pull/1487 l CRI SELinux MCS Multi Category Security Pod l Pod Pod
- 22. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved Stargz Snapshotter lazy pulling l containerd non-core l OCI eStargz lazy pulling proxy snapshotter • pull Kubernetes l Prefetch content verification l Kaniko, go-containerregistry, ko, nerdctl eStargz Stargz Snapshotter rootfs FUSE Lazy pull eStargz pull https://github.com/containerd/stargz-snapshotter https://www.slideshare.net/KoheiTokunaga/stargz-snapshotter-pullcontainerd-238429575 2 ” Stargz Snapshotter: pull containerd ”. CNDT2020
- 23. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved containerd l ctr containerd containerd l nerdctl https://github.com/AkihiroSuda/nerdctl Docker NRI(Node Resource Interface) (1.5 ): https://github.com/containerd/nri l CNI l CNI NW NRI cgroup namespace path CPU pinning Sandbox API: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/issues/4131 l containerd API Pod Overlayfs volatile option: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/4785 l Overlayfs volatile option (Linux 5.10) upper dir sync Higher level API: CRI v2 embedded kubelet build l containerd API
- 24. Copyright(c)2021 NTT Corp. All Rights Reserved plugins shim OCI C o n t e n t s t o r e S n a p s h o t t e r R u n t i m e container image tasks namespac e leases version snapshots CRI tasks container image … namespac e leases content snapshots events tasks OCI spec API Metadata store Contained l Kubernetes CRI l Docker l containerd l l smart client l containerd l Lazy pulling cgroup v2 l ( )