Containers #101 Meetup: Containers and OpenStack
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Recording posted here: https://codefresh.io/blog/containers-101-containers-openstack/ Slides from Robert Starmer's talk where he gave an overview of container technology and how it relates to OpenStack.
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Containers #101 Meetup: Containers and OpenStack
- 1. Containers #101 Containers and OpenStack Aug 2016
- 2. THE RISE OF THE CONTAINER The Dev/Ops technology that accelerates Ops/Dev
- 3. Robert Starmer: CTO for Kumulus Technologies OpenStack operations contributor since 2012 Operating OpenStack at Scale Supporting container migration for enterprise Kumulus Technologies: Systems Consultants supporting Cloud Migration @rstarmer, @kumulustech, http://kumul.us youtube.com/fiveminutesofcloud WHO AM I?
- 4. AGENDA • Overview of the Container service space, a little history of containers. • Why Containers are _now_ the answer to Developers every desire. • The underbelly of the Container world, Container Operating Environments. • Operation needs and gaps in the Container integration space • A unified Container, Virtual, and Physical compute service, or how OpenStack (and other IaaS solutions) still fits into the equation.
- 5. THE WHAT, WHY, AND HOW OF CONTAINERS
- 6. WHAT DO WE MEAN? A CONTAINER… • Principally containers == Linux containers* • Provides a segregation model at the process level rather than emulating a complete computer • Uses cgroups and namespaces to segregate processes * yes, other container technologies exist
- 7. CONTAINERS, THE SHORT HISTORY • One system multi-segregation goes back to time-share systems of the 1960/70s • In the mini-computer/Unix era, the kernel included process management and some initial segregation (root vs. user access) • BSD Jails, Solaris Zones, LXC (and Google’s LMCTFY)
- 8. LINUX CONTAINERS • ~2005 Google, along with Canonical, took an interest in the early Linux container model, supporting efforts around LXC • Other than Google and bleeding edge developers, containers were seen as difficult to use • Docker changed this: layered ‘light’ images and a registry
- 9. WHY NOT JUST STICK WITH VMS? Bare Metal (Nova & Ironic) x86, ARM, other processor Memory Local “block” storage subsystem Hypervisor (Nova) Hypervisor - Hardware access management and segregation ESX, KVM, Hyper-V, Xen, LPAR Container (Nova) OS level segregation of processes Docker/LXC, Solaris containers Hardware APP APP APP Host OS bin/lib bin/lib bin/lib Hardware APP OS Hypervisor APP OS APP OS Host OS bin/lib bin/lib Virtual machine Guest OS bin/lib Hardware APP bin/lib Container Engine APP bin/lib APP bin/lib Host OS Container
- 10. WHY NOT JUST STICK WITH VMS? • Speed: sub-second vs. multi-second startup • Simplification: One light image from laptop to production • Layers: Docker image format simplifies base images • Embedded Ops: Operational value built in (load balancing) • Container == Process container, VM == OS container
- 11. AGILE DEVELOPMENT AND CONTAINERS • The real driver behind the current container craze: Dev/Ops • Agile development == always working always tested code • If I can build my app and have tests running in a second, I’m more likely to test… • …and I don’t have to worry about the underlying OS
- 12. DEVELOPERS 💔 OPERATIONS • Dev/Ops is a stepping stone for many developers • Enabled application development models that were not previously possible • Ops is something to limit and reduce • There is a growing #serverless community - focusing on just the application again
- 13. DEVELOPERS ❤️ CONTAINERS • Docker image format makes it easy to build “app” environment • Use for Unit test (on developer machine) • Use same image for QA/system tests • Use same image in staging/final test • Use same image in production
- 14. STILL NEED TO “OPERATE” CONTAINERS • Can’t avoid some operations • Manage application failures gracefully • Provide some scale services (e.g. Load balancing) • Managing interactions and security between multi-container services and solutions
- 15. IT IS NOT JUST A CONTAINER THOUGH…
- 16. THE FIELD OF CONTAINER MANAGEMENT • LXC and LXD or libvirt-lxc • Docker and Docker(plus Swarm) • Docker, LXC and Kubernetes • Docker, LXC, etc. and Mesos/DCOS • Docker Cloud, Rancher, DCOS, CoreOS Fleet….
- 17. MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS • Lifecycle Management • Rolling Upgrades • Scheduling • Network Service • Storage Mapping • Seems like an IaaS might be of service
- 19. MANAGING CONTAINERS Two ways to think about containers and OpenStack: • OpenStack managing VMs or Bare Metal running Containers one for all • OpenStack managing a COE per tenant, tenant manages the Container management • OpenStack being run on Containers either on an OpenStack undercloud, or on bare metal/container management
- 20. RUNNING CONTAINERS ON OPENSTACK Where are you going to run your containers: • VM (eg. Nova to Linux OS or “Container OS”) • Bare Metal (eg. Ironic to Linux OS or “Container OS”) • Container “Directly” (e.g. Higgins) <newest addition How do you launch Containers? • LXC/LXD libvirt commands? • Docker commands? • Kubernetes/Mesos-Marathon/etc.
- 21. ADD MANAGEMENT… AND? Tenant/Project based, or global OpenStack deployment Network interaction model • tunneling (is your base OS already tunneling?) • NAT And SLB services? Storage • shared backend, or brokered backend (e.g. exposed by Openstack)
- 22. SCHEDULING • Container management services still need better embedded scheduling (affinity/anti-affinity at least) • No integration between underlying scheduler (e.g. Nova) and overlay scheduling (e.g. Kubernetes) • Lack of interaction could see multiple “container” VMs on the same physical host… No different than any other cloud app
- 23. SINGLE MANAGEMENT FOR ALL • Deploy a Docker-swarm or Kubernetes or… for the entire OpenStack service • Consistency • Single model/centralized control • Removes any Infrastructure Ops burden from developers • Still has security issues (perhaps even more so, shared syscall interaface in the kernel)
- 24. PER TENANT MANAGEMENT • OS team enables deployment of an environment (e.g Docker, Kubernetes, etc.) to as a set of VMs for an individual Project/Tenant. • Now project owners are Ops managers again for their container management • Leverage one to deploy: Magnum, Monasca, HEAT
- 26. • Load balanced front end services and even some portion of the back-end can be run as containers • Storage elements (e.g. database) and middleware (e.g. RabbitMQ) may be better suited to VMs and or Ironic • Chicken vs. egg issue OPENSTACK AS A DISTRIBUTED APPLICATION
- 27. KOLLA PROJECT • Containerize OpenStack • Simplifies the creation of individual containers for each individual service element (neutron-api vs neutron-scheduler) • Can be used to support rolling upgrades (and even downgrades) • https://github.com/openstack/kolla
- 28. • To use OpenStack, hardware is needed • To use Kubernetes, hardware is needed • Which is first ? (i.e. OpenStack standalone with Ironic or Kubernetes/Docker/etc. or through some other mechanism) WHO’S FIRST: OPENSTACK OR KUBERNETES?
- 29. • Kolla-Kubernetes - http://docs.openstack.org/developer/kolla- kubernetes/index.html * Stacknetes - https://github.com/stackanetes * Fuel-CCP - https://github.com/openstack/fuel-ccp * SAP - http://github.com/sapcc * TCPCloud - http://www.tcpcloud.eu/en/blog/2016/08/04/making- openstack-production-ready-kubernetes-and-openstack-salt-part-3/ KUBERNETES OPENSTACK PROJECTS
- 30. REVIEW
- 31. CONTAINERS • Containers == segregated processes (VM-lite) • Containers abstract the Operations Model • Containers need/leverage systems management: • Scale • Scheduling • Security • Containers can (should?) run on IaaS
- 32. Q&A : THANKS!