Control Flow Testing
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Control flow testing is a white box testing technique that uses the program's control flow graph to design test cases that execute different paths through the code. It involves creating a control flow graph from the source code, defining a coverage target like branches or paths, generating test cases to cover the target, and executing the test cases to analyze results. It is useful for finding bugs in program logic but does not test for missing or extra requirements.
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Control Flow Testing
- 1. ControlFlow Testing Presented By Hirra Sultan Roll Number: 120101091 Enrollment number: 2012017740 Supervisor: Mr. Sudeep Varshney
- 2. Introduction Control-flow testing is a structural testing strategy that uses the program’s control flow as a model. It is a testing technique that comes under white box testing. The entire structure, design, and code of the software have to be studied for this type of testing. Often the testing method is used by developers themselves to test their own code and design as they are very familiar with the code. This method is implemented with the intention to test logic of the code so that the required results or functionalities can be achieved. Its applicability is mostly to relatively small programs or segments of larger programs, thus it is mostly used for unit testing.
- 3. Outline Of Control Flow Testing
- 4. Process of control flow testing: The basic idea behind Control Flow Testing is to select paths and come up with the inputs (input values/test cases) to execute through those paths. It includes the following 4 steps: Step 1: From the source code a control flow graph(CFG) is created either manually or automatically (using a software). Step 2: A coverage target is defined over the CFG e.g., nodes, paths, branches, edges etc. Step 3: Test cases are created using CFG to cover the coverage target. Step 4: Execute the test cases. Step 5: Analyze the results and determine whether the program is error free or has some bugs.
- 5. Control Flow Graph The control flow graph is a graphical representation of control structure of a program. Following notations are used for a flow graph: Node: It represents one or more procedural statements. Edges or links: They represent the flow of control in a program. Decision node: A node with more than one arrow leaving is called a decision node. Junction node: A node with more than one arrow entering it is called a junction. Regions: Areas bounded by edges and nodes are called regions.
- 6. Cyclomatic Complexity Cyclomatic complexity measures the number of independent paths through a program's source code. Cyclomatic complexity is computed using CFG. The formula used for calculating Cyclomatic complexity is M = E − N + 2P, E = edges, N = nodes, P = components Or M = D + 1, D = decision node Or M = R + 1, R = enclosed regions
- 7. Paths A path through a program is a sequence of statements that starts at an entry, junction, or decision and ends at another (possible the same), junction, decision, or exit. A feasible path in CFG is one which can be verified by a set of possible inputs. Infeasible Path is such a path in CFG that cannot be verified by any set of possible input values and most expensive activities of software testing. An independent path is any path through the graph that introduces at least one new set of processing statements or new conditions.
- 8. Path Selection Criteria Statement Coverage: It is assumed that if all the statements of the module are executed once, every bug will be notified. Decision coverage: This criterion states that one must write enough test cases such that each decision has a true and false outcome at least once. Condition coverage: In this case, one writes enough test cases such that each condition in a decision takes on all possible outcomes at least once.
- 9. Advantages It catches 50% of all the bugs caught during unit testing. That amounts to 33% of all the bugs caught in the program. Experienced programmers can bypass drawing flow charts by doing path selection on source code. The flow charts can even be made by an automated program (software) and is not necessarily drawn by hand.
- 10. Disadvantages We’re unlikely to find spurious features that were included in the software but were not in the requirements. It's unlikely to find missing paths and features if the program and the model on which the tests are based are done by the same person. Coincidental correctness, however improbably, defeats this technique unless we can verify all intermediate calculations and predicate values.