cooling tower installation and design.pptx
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The document discusses cooling towers, which are heat rejection devices used primarily in underground mines to cool condenser water through evaporative cooling. It outlines the components, significance, types, and selection criteria of cooling towers, emphasizing their importance for equipment cooling, worker safety, and environmental protection. Additionally, it provides a comparison of mechanical and natural draft cooling towers and considerations for their design and maintenance in varying mining conditions.
cooling tower installation and design.pptx
- 1. Cooling tower SUBMITTED BY- 23152007-Avinash Kashyap 23152021-Nitesh Ku. Shah 23152023-Pankaj Kumar SUBMITTED TO - Dr. Tarun Verma DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Components of cooling tower • Significance of cooling tower • Types of Cooling tower • Cooling tower selection criteria
- 3. Introduction • Cooling tower :- HEAT REJECTION DEVICE (COOLING TOWER) COLD WATER HOT WATER DRY AIR IN MOIST, WARM AIR OUT A heat rejection device, which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
- 4. Cooling tower • The principal means of heat transfer involved in cooling towers is evaporative cooling. • Evaporation of a small portion of the water being sprayed or percolated in the air of the tower removes sensible heat from the remaining water. • The increasing heat content of the air is of no consequence since the air is exhausted to the atmosphere on the surface or to the upcast shaft underground. • Depending on the relative temperatures of air and water, sensible cooling of the water and latent heating plus sensible heating or cooling of the air occurs.
- 5. • Cooling towers are used to cool the heated condenser water for reuse in a cyclic system. In underground mines, cooling towers have to be properly located and designed depending on the amount of heat to be extracted, and the temperature, humidity and flow rate of air available for cooling. • Spray chambers/towers are used instead of cooling towers in some u/g plants. Most spray towers are located in parts of shafts or winzes where the condenser water is sprayed at the top and works its way down through sets of screens, with the cooling air flowing upwards under the ventilating pressure of the mine.
- 6. Components of cooling tower
- 7. Components of cooling tower • Fan or Blower: Draws air through the tower for cooling. • Heat Exchange Media: Enhances heat transfer between air and water. • Water Distribution System: Sprays water evenly over the media. • Water Reservoir or Basin: Collects and recirculates water. • Pump System: Circulates water from reservoir to the tower. • Drift Eliminators: Prevent water loss and contamination. • Ventilation System: Regulates airflow for air quality control. • Monitoring and Control Systems: Manage tower operation parameters. • Safety Features: Guardrails, access doors, and emergency shut-offs ensure safety.
- 8. Significance of cooling tower Equipment Cooling: Preventing overheating and damage to machinery. Worker Safety: Maintaining comfortable working conditions underground. Air Quality Control: Removing dust and contaminants for healthier air. Preventing Equipment Failures: Extending machinery lifespan and reducing downtime. Environmental Protection: Minimizing thermal pollution and conserving water. Regulatory Compliance: Meeting standards for workplace safety and environmental impact.
- 9. Types of cooling tower Cooling tower Mechanical Draft Natural Draft Design of cooling tower is such that cold air of the bottom of tower push the warmer air out from top. Forced Draft Air is pushed in the tower with a fan from the side. Induced Draft Air is pulled from cooling tower by a fan at the top. Counter flow Cross flow
- 10. Natural fan draft Natural Draft Cooling Towers utilize the natural buoyancy of air for heat dissipation. • Distinctive Shape: These towers are known for their tall, hyperbolic shape, which enhances the natural draft effect. • Buoyancy-Driven Airflow: Warm air rises inside the tower due to heat from circulating water, creating a draft that draws in cooler air from the surroundings. This continuous airflow cools the water. Key Features: • No Mechanical Fans: Natural draft towers rely solely on buoyancy. This design reduces energy consumption and operational costs. • Energy Efficiency: The absence of fans makes them energy-efficient. • Large Heat Rejection Capacity:Their tall structure allows for substantial contact between ascending warm air and descending cool air, maximizing heat transfer.
- 11. Natural draft wet cooling hyperboloid towers
- 12. Mechanical draft cooling tower Air Circulation: Fans induce or force air through the tower, enhancing the natural convection process for heat transfer. Types: There are two main types of mechanical draft towers: • Forced Draft: Fans at the air inlet push air into the tower. • Induced Draft: Fans at the exhaust pull air through the tower. Temperature Control: They offer precise control over the cooling process, suitable for maintaining specific temperature levels. Adaptability: The ability to control fan speed or use multiple fans makes them suitable for variable heat loads.
- 13. Cont…. Components: These towers include mechanical fans, motors, water distribution systems, fill media, drift eliminators, and structural supports. Energy Consumption: They consume electrical energy to operate the fans.
- 14. Forced draft cooling tower
- 15. Induced draft cooling tower
- 16. Cooling tower selection criteria Temperature Design Criteria: • Determining the required cooling capacity based on mine-specific conditions. • Consider the heat load profile and required cooling efficiency. Mine Working Depth : • Deeper mines experience higher temperatures due to the geothermal gradient. • Cooling tower selection should account for depth-related heat challenges. Heat Load: • Assess the overall heat generated by mining activities, equipment, and rock movement. • Optimize cooling tower capacity based on the mine’s specific heat load.
- 17. Cont…… Water Availability and Recirculation: • Consider water availability for cooling tower operation. • Choose designs that efficiently recirculate water to minimize consumption. Cost-Effectiveness: • Balance initial capital costs with long-term energy savings. • Evaluate the economic impact of cooling tower selection. Maintenance Accessibility: • UG mines may pose challenges for tower maintenance due to depth. • Ensure ease of access for inspections and repairs.
- 18. References Cooling tower principles and practice: by G.B. Hill, E.J.Pring, Peter D. Osborn. Cooling tower by Oswald Gueth. Researchgate.com
- 19. Thank You!