Coronado presentation
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Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led a large expedition from Mexico between 1540-1542, becoming the first European to explore parts of modern-day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Kansas. Coronado hoped to find wealthy civilizations and precious metals, but instead encountered native peoples like the Zuni and Hopi who were poor. His men became the first Europeans to see the Grand Canyon. Coronado continued east in search of the mythical wealthy land of Quivira, but found only Native American villages and returned to Mexico disappointed after two years of exploring without finding the riches he sought.
Coronado presentation
- 1. A Primary Source Journey through Mexico, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and Kansas
- 2. Born as the second son to a noble family in Salamanca, Spain in 1510 Went to New Spain in 1535 as the assistant to the Viceroy, Antonio de Mendoza In New Spain, married Beatriz de Estrada, daughter of a politically well-connected Spanish family. Appointed Governor of New Galica in 1538
- 3. Coronado sent Friar Marcos de Niza and Estevanico (aka Estevan, the slave who survived with Cabaza de Vaca), on an expedition north toward New Mexico. On his return, Marcos de Niza described a golden city called "Cíbola," and reported that Estevan had been killed by the Zuni citizens of Cíbola. He did not enter Cíbola, but claimed that the city stood on a high hill and appeared wealthy and as large as Mexico City.
- 4. Coronado and Mendoza financed a second exploratory expedition, with Coronado as the leader. They invested must of their own finances Coronado mortgaged his own estate, raising nearly 70,000 pesos for the expedition Two groups were prepared for the exploration: 1. A ship which would travel up the Guadalupe River with their supplies under Hernando Alarcon. 2. A land expedition headed by Coronado
- 6. Coronado set out from Compostela, New Spain (Mexico) on February 23, 1540 He had 400 European men-at-arms (mostly Spaniards), 1,300 to 2,000 Mexican Indian allies, four Franciscan monks, and several slaves As he traveled, he realized the land would not support a large force, so he divided his men into smaller groups and spaced out their travel to allow the land to regenerate grass and resources for each group.
- 7. From Cornill Wytfliet’s map Hispania Nova 1597
- 8. PRIMARY SOURCES: Letters to and from King Charles V of Spain discuss the route and findings of Coronado’s expedition First hand accounts of men who traveled with Coronado, such as the most famous by Pedro Castañeda
- 9. From Justin Winsor’s Narrative and Critical History of America, Vol. 2 Conquistador General
- 10. Spanish Conquistador courtesy of Dr. Richard B. McCaslin
- 11. Coronado traveled to today's Arizona-New Mexico state line, and followed the Little Colorado River to the Zuni River. Followed the Zuni until he found the region inhabited by the Zuni people. Expedition members were almost starving and demanded entrance into the village of Hawikuh.
- 12. The natives refused, denying the expedition entrance to the village. Coronado and his expeditionaries attacked the Zunis, killing many. Coronado was injured during the battle, and the expedition remained there several weeks.
- 13. The first scouting expedition was led by Pedro de Tovar. This expedition headed northwest to the Hopi villages, which they recorded as Tusayan. Upon arrival, the Spanish were denied entrance to the village they came across, and once again resorted to using force to enter. The Hopi were just as poor as the Zuni in the precious metals Coronado sought, but the Spanish did learn that a large river (the Colorado) lay in the west.
- 14. Coronado sent another scouting expedition led by Garcia Lopez de Cárdenas to find the Colorado River. Members of this expedition reached the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River, becoming the first Europeans to see the magnificent canyon.
- 15. View of the Great Plains
- 16. From an Indian the Spanish called "the Turk," Coronado heard of a wealthy civilization called Quivira far to the east. In spring 1541 he led his army and priests and Indian allies onto the Great Plains to search for Quivira. The Turk was probably either a Wichita or a Pawnee His intention seems to have been to lead Coronado astray and hope that he got lost in the wilderness.
- 17. From Pedro Castañeda’s The Journey of Coronado, 1540-1542 translated by George Parker Winship
- 18. From Pedro Castañeda’s The Journey of Coronado, 1540-1542 translated by George Parker Winship
- 19. From Carlysle Graham Raht’s The Romance of Davis Mountains and Big Bend Country drawings by Waldo Williams
- 20. From Pedro Castañeda’s The Journey of Coronado, 1540-1542 translated by George Parker Winship
- 21. From Pedro Castañeda’s The Journey of Coronado, 1540-1542 translated by George Parker Winship