Coronavirus Disease (nCOV-19)
6 likes1,767 views
The document provides an overview of coronaviruses, particularly focusing on the novel coronavirus (nCoV-19) and its impact on human health, including symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment. It highlights the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, its mortality rates, and outlines preventive measures to combat the spread of the virus. The document notes that there is currently no specific treatment for COVID-19 and emphasizes the importance of supportive care and infection prevention strategies.
![Coronavirus Disease
[nCOV-19]
Dr. Divya Sharma
Assistant Professor](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/covid-19-200620145439/85/Coronavirus-Disease-nCOV-19-1-320.jpg)
![Outbreaks of Coronavirus types of
relatively high mortality
Year Outbreak Virus type Death case
2002 Reported Severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) virus in Hong-kong
SARS -
2003 SARS outbreak (in Avian – Bird Flu) SARS 77
2006 SARS-CoV outbreak SARS-CoV 774
2012 Middle east respiratory syndrome
(MERS) virus outbreak
MERS Over 400
2015 MERS outbreak in South-Korea MERS-nCoV 36
2018 MERS-CoV outbreak MERS-nCoV 41
2019-20 Coronavirus epidemic
SARS-CoV-2 announced by ICTV
[International Committee on Taxonomy of
Viruses] in 11 February 2020
SARS-nCoV-2 Approx. 5,833
2020 COVID-19, new disease announced by 11
February 2020, following guidelines World
Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and
Food and Agriculture Organisation
(FAO),United Nations
COVID-19 Approx. 5,833
2020 nCoV-19 outbreak pandemic (worldwide) nCoV-19 Upto 7,201,136](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/covid-19-200620145439/85/Coronavirus-Disease-nCOV-19-5-320.jpg)
![COVID – 19 [nCoV-19]
In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan,
China.
On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of
coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the
World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed as SARS-CoV-2 by
the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
As of 15 March 2020, there have been atleast 5,833 confirmed deaths
and more than 156,396 confirmed cases (worldwide) in the
coronavirus pneumonia pandemic.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/covid-19-200620145439/85/Coronavirus-Disease-nCOV-19-6-320.jpg)
![Classification of Symptoms
Symptoms were categorized depend on cases as follows:
Mild cases: Majority (81%) of these nCoV-19 disease
cases were mild cases [include all patients without
pneumonia or mild cases pneumonia]
Severe cases: Includes patients who suffered from
shortness of breath, respiratory frequency ≥30/min, blood
oxygen saturation ≤93%, PaO2:FiO2 ratio <300:30 and/or
lung infiltrates >50% within 24-48 hrs.
Critical cases: Includes patients who suffered respiratory
failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction or
failure.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/covid-19-200620145439/85/Coronavirus-Disease-nCOV-19-14-320.jpg)
![nCoV–19 - Treatment
Mild cases
•Supportive treatments (Antihistamine & Analgesics)
Moderate cases
•Oseltamivir (150 mg BID) for 5 days
•Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine (500 mg BID) for 14 days or Ribavirin for
5 days
Severe cases
•Oseltamivir (150 mg BID) for 5 days
•Kaletra (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) for 5 days
•Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine (500 mg BID) for 14 days or Ribavirin for
5 days
Critical cases
•Oseltamivir (150 mg BID) for 5 days
•Kaletra (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) for 5 days
•Ribavirin for 5 days
•Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine for 14 days
Investigational therapies:
Favilavir [Favipiravir], Remdesivir, Teicoplanin, Tocilizumab](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/covid-19-200620145439/85/Coronavirus-Disease-nCOV-19-17-320.jpg)
![Prevention
Frequently wash your hands with soap and water (approx. 20-40
seconds)
Avoiding touching eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
Avoiding close contact with people who are sick (approx. 10 feet)
Maintain social distance with other person (approx. 1.8 m)
Staying away from work, school or other people if you become sick
with fever and cough
Avoid touching any metal surface and fabric, it will live at least 12
hrs on metal and 6-12 hrs on fabric [After touching, must wash
your hands as soon as with a bacterial soap].
nCoV–19 - Precautions
If you have travelled to China and have become ill with
fever, cough, or shortness of breath
o Seek medical care
o Share your travel history
o Wash hands often with soap and warm water for atleast 20 seconds](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/covid-19-200620145439/85/Coronavirus-Disease-nCOV-19-18-320.jpg)
Coronavirus Disease (nCOV-19)
- 1. Coronavirus Disease [nCOV-19] Dr. Divya Sharma Assistant Professor
- 2. Coronavirus Coronavirus constitute the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae in the family Coronavividae. They are enveloped virus with a positive sense single-stranded RNA genome.
- 3. The name corona virus defines in Latin, Corona ------- crown or halo which refers to the characteristic appearance reminiscent of a crown when viewed under electron microscopy, due to the surface covering in club-shaped protein spikes.
- 4. Coronaviruses (CoV) belongs a large family of viruses which causes disease ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). A novel coronaviruse (nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. nCoV ---- Zoonotic (transmitted between animals and people) SARS-CoV was transmitted from civet cats to humans; and MERS-CoV from dromedary camels to humans Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have not yet infected humans.
- 5. Outbreaks of Coronavirus types of relatively high mortality Year Outbreak Virus type Death case 2002 Reported Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus in Hong-kong SARS - 2003 SARS outbreak (in Avian – Bird Flu) SARS 77 2006 SARS-CoV outbreak SARS-CoV 774 2012 Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus outbreak MERS Over 400 2015 MERS outbreak in South-Korea MERS-nCoV 36 2018 MERS-CoV outbreak MERS-nCoV 41 2019-20 Coronavirus epidemic SARS-CoV-2 announced by ICTV [International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses] in 11 February 2020 SARS-nCoV-2 Approx. 5,833 2020 COVID-19, new disease announced by 11 February 2020, following guidelines World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO),United Nations COVID-19 Approx. 5,833 2020 nCoV-19 outbreak pandemic (worldwide) nCoV-19 Upto 7,201,136
- 6. COVID – 19 [nCoV-19] In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China. On 31 December 2019, the outbreak was traced to a novel strain of coronavirus, which was given the interim name 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), later renamed as SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. As of 15 March 2020, there have been atleast 5,833 confirmed deaths and more than 156,396 confirmed cases (worldwide) in the coronavirus pneumonia pandemic.
- 7. nCoV-19 - Clinical Features Way of Transmission Person to Person Close contact (surface) Randomly touch eyes, nose, mouth etc. Coughs and sneezes Symptoms Fever (77-98%) Cough (46-82%) Sore throat Shortness of Breath (3-31%) Myalgia or Fatigue (11-52%) Similar to Flu symptoms Incubation Period : 1- 14 days Recovery time : 3 - 6 weeks Frequently reported Signs and Symptoms Less commonly reported respiratory symptoms include sore throat, headache, cough with sputum production and/or hemoptysis.
- 8. Infographics
- 9. nCoV-19 Symptoms compared to other common diseases symptoms *Sometimes for children Sources: CDC, WHO, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Symptoms COVID-19 Common Cold Flu Allergies Fever Common Rare Common Sometimes Dry cough Common Mild Common Sometimes Shortness of breath Common No No Common Headaches Sometimes Rare Common Sometimes Aches and Pains Sometimes Common Common No Sore throat Sometimes Common Common No Fatigue Sometimes Sometimes Common Sometimes Diarrhea Rare No Sometimes* No Runny nose Rare Common Sometimes Common Sneezing No Common No Common
- 10. Mortality Rate by Age
- 11. nCoV-19 - Diagnosis •To endemic countries like China, Iran & ItalyTravel history •Leukopenia - seen in 30-45% of the patients •Lymphocytopenia - seen in 85% of the patientsCBC •Cheaper and easier with 60% sensitivityChest X-Ray •30-70% sensitivityPCR •95% sensitivity •Low specificityChest CT Scan •For COVID-19 IgM/IgG combo test
- 12. Specimen Collection Combined nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab If positive repeat every 3 days till negative If negative repeat second test after 24 hrs If 2 consecutive negative isolation can be discontinued: Lower respiratory specimen is preferred (if applicable) Airborne and contact isolation is recommended for further information contact your infection control practitioner
- 13. nCoV-19 treated Hospitals In close communication with Public Health Officials Infection Prevention Daily Rounds and Daily Monitoring of PPE Supplies Staff education Signage Screen patients with symptoms: emergency department; urgent care; and clinics Isolation rooms Testing procedure following CDC Guidelines
- 14. Classification of Symptoms Symptoms were categorized depend on cases as follows: Mild cases: Majority (81%) of these nCoV-19 disease cases were mild cases [include all patients without pneumonia or mild cases pneumonia] Severe cases: Includes patients who suffered from shortness of breath, respiratory frequency ≥30/min, blood oxygen saturation ≤93%, PaO2:FiO2 ratio <300:30 and/or lung infiltrates >50% within 24-48 hrs. Critical cases: Includes patients who suffered respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction or failure.
- 15. Risk of Infection The Case Fertility Rate (CFR) was 0.9% for those without a pre-existing health condition & for young ages. The CFR was 10% for those with underlying health conditions & for old ages. Fulminant myocarditis has also been reported in patients with COVID-19 that caused by virus. It arises quickly, progresses rapidly, and may lead to severe heart failure or circulatory failure presenting as rapid-onset hypotension and cardiogenic shock, with mortality rates as high as 50-70%. Physicians should pay attention not only to the symptoms of respiratory dysfunction but also the symptoms of cardiac injury.
- 16. Management No specific treatment for COVID-19 is currently available. There are currently no antiviral drugs licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat patients with COVID-19. Clinical management includes prompt implementation of recommended infection prevention and control measures and supportive management of complications, including advanced organ support if indicated. Corticosteroids should be avoided, because of the potential for prolonging viral replication as observed in MERS-CoV patients, unless indicated for others reasons. Eg: For a COPD exacerbation or for septic chock per Surviving Sepsis guidelines.
- 17. nCoV–19 - Treatment Mild cases •Supportive treatments (Antihistamine & Analgesics) Moderate cases •Oseltamivir (150 mg BID) for 5 days •Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine (500 mg BID) for 14 days or Ribavirin for 5 days Severe cases •Oseltamivir (150 mg BID) for 5 days •Kaletra (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) for 5 days •Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine (500 mg BID) for 14 days or Ribavirin for 5 days Critical cases •Oseltamivir (150 mg BID) for 5 days •Kaletra (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) for 5 days •Ribavirin for 5 days •Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine for 14 days Investigational therapies: Favilavir [Favipiravir], Remdesivir, Teicoplanin, Tocilizumab
- 18. Prevention Frequently wash your hands with soap and water (approx. 20-40 seconds) Avoiding touching eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands Avoiding close contact with people who are sick (approx. 10 feet) Maintain social distance with other person (approx. 1.8 m) Staying away from work, school or other people if you become sick with fever and cough Avoid touching any metal surface and fabric, it will live at least 12 hrs on metal and 6-12 hrs on fabric [After touching, must wash your hands as soon as with a bacterial soap]. nCoV–19 - Precautions If you have travelled to China and have become ill with fever, cough, or shortness of breath o Seek medical care o Share your travel history o Wash hands often with soap and warm water for atleast 20 seconds
- 20. How to use a mask Before wearing a mask, wash your hands with an alcohol- based disinfectant or with soap and water. Cover your mouth and nose with the mask and make sure the mask is firmly pressed against your face. Do not touch the mask while you are wearing it; if you do, wash your hands with an alcohol-based disinfectant or soap and water afterward. Replace the mask as soon as it gets wet and do reuse disposable masks. Remove the mask from behind (do not touch its front side); throw it away in a closed container and then wash your hands with an alcohol-based disinfectant or with soap and water.
- 21. How to stop the spread of nCOV-19 Social distancing or physical distancing, keeping space between yourself and other people when you have to go out. Quarantine, keeping someone home and separated from the other people if they might have been exposed to the virus. Isolation, keeping sick people away from healthy people, including using a separate “sick” bedroom and bathroom when possible.
- 22. Recovery rate for nCOV-19 Recovery rate ---- Between 97 – 99.75% Scientists and researchers are constantly tracking COVID- 19 infections and recoveries. But they don’t have information about the outcome of every infection. Early estimates predict that the overall COVID-19 recovery rate will be between 97 – 99.75%.
- 23. Thank-you Sharma’s Classes - Dr. Divya Sharma