COW PEA MOSAIC K R.pptx
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The document provides an overview of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), an important drought-tolerant crop from Africa known for its high nutritional value and ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It details the cowpea mosaic virus, including its characteristics, transmission by beetles, and symptoms of infection. Control measures and potential benefits of cowpea mosaic virus research in cancer treatment are also discussed.
COW PEA MOSAIC K R.pptx
- 1. VIRAL DISEASE COW PEAMOSAIC K R MICRO NOTES 1
- 2. K R MICRO NOTES 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION COWPEA •Botnical name : vigna unguiculata •Origin : Africa •Annual herbaceous crop •Well developed root system •Cow pea is an important crop suitable for intercropping •It prevents soil erosion K R MICRO NOTES 3
- 4. • Cowpea are useful even leaves which can produce 9 times calories, 15 times the protein 90 times the calcium and beta carotene of cowpea seeds. • Used as fodder for animals • A drought tolerant and warm weather crop • Has the useful ability of fix atmospheric nitrogen through it’s • root nodules K R MICRO NOTES 4
- 5. Order : picornavirales Family : secoviridae Genus : comovirus Species : cowpea mosaic virus K R MICRO NOTES 5
- 6. COWPEA MOSAIC VIRUS •Cowpea mosaic virus non- enveloped plant virus of comovirus group •Infection of susceptible cowpea leaf causes a "mosaic "pattern in leaf • and results in high virus yields •Its genome consists of 2 molecules of positive sense RNA which are • separately encapsidated (RNA 1 and RNA 2) K R MICRO NOTES 6
- 7. •The virus particle are 28 nm in diameter and contain 60 copies each of large ( L ) and small ( S ) coat protein. •Obligate parasite •The virus particles are thermostable •It can be isolated from plants easily •The CPMV was first isolated from an infected cowpea (vignaung uiculata) plant in Nigeria in 1959 K R MICRO NOTES 7
- 8. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION •The disease is present in North American and southern • American region but not in Peru •The virus is predominant in Rorem state and Northern • regions of Brazil •The disease is common in states like Punjab .Delhi. and west K R MICRO NOTES 8
- 9. HOSTS OF THE DISEASE •Chenopodium amaranticolor •Phaseolus vulgaris •Vigna unguiculata •Soyabean •Pigeon pea K R MICRO NOTES 9
- 10. VECTORS OF DISEASE •Leaf feeding beetles •Members of the chrysomelidae •Grasshoppers •Leaf hopper •Podborer •aphids K R MICRO NOTES 10
- 11. DISEASE CYCLE •The virus is transmitted by chrysomelid beetles .ootheca • mutabilis . Ceretoma variegata . C.ruficornis. •Transmitted by various beetles with biting mouth parts . •The transmission is characterized as short acquisition and inoculation access periods and lack of latent period •The beetle viruliferous 1-8 days depending upon the species •The CPMV has also transmitted by the thrips and • grasshoppers K R MICRO NOTES 11
- 12. CONTROL •Remove the infected plants as soon as symptoms appear •Grow resistant varieties •Rouge and destroy the weed hosts •Sowing of the cowpea crop away from soyabean and pigeon pea. •Growing sole crop or inter cropping or mixed cropping with other crops •Plant disease free seeds •Control vectors with insecticides •Avoid continuous cropping of cowpea on the same field •Avoid excess use of N2 application K R MICRO NOTES 12
- 13. SYMPTOMS •Chlorotic lesions •Concentric ring spots •Vein clearing •Mosaic •Rapid death of the young succulent plants •Discoloration of tap roots, longitudinal cracks of the stems, stunning and poor yield •No variety of cow pea resistant to root rot •The leaves of the plant shows dark green areas giving mosaic apperance •Death of the plant K R MICRO NOTES 13
- 14. FERTILIZER •Basal • N2 30 kg / ha (urea 35 kg/ha-1 ) • P2O5 45 kg/ha (Triple sugar phosphate 100kg /ha -1) K2O 45kg /ha (muriate of potash 50 kg /ha-1)Top dressing • 30 kg /ha of urea at onset of flowering K R MICRO NOTES 14
- 15. PREVENTION •Spraying twice at fortnightly intervals with Monocrotophos • 500 ml /ha •Spraying Methyl demeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha •Removing the weeds which acts as alternative hosts •Using virus free seeds K R MICRO NOTES 15
- 16. USES OF COWPEA MOSAIC •Researchers discover how cowpea mosaic plant virus activates immune system against cancer •The plant virus is recognized by strongly stimulates the immune system to attack and often eliminate cancerous tumors •The plant virus does not harm the mammals hence the further researchK R MICRO NOTES 16
- 17. REFERENCE • Textbook of microbiology by Dr. R C Dubey, Dr. DK Maheshwari. • Textbook of plant virus diseases. Longman Ltd. • https:// www.apsjournals.apsnet.org/ K R MICRO NOTES 17
- 18. K R MICRO NOTES 18