Crane_and_Lifting_Safetygggggvggggfdsdgjjhfddfggcc_1689749209.pdf
- 1. Crane & Lifting Safety KAUSHAR AZAM
- 2. Major Causes of Crane Accidents • Contact with power lines • Overturns • Falls • Mechanical failures 2
- 3. How Do Accidents Occur? • Lack of communication - the point of operation is far distance from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator • Lack of training • Instability – unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not level or too soft • Inadequate maintenance or inspection 3
- 4. • Improper load rating • Excessive speeds • No proper hand signals • Inadequate inspection and maintenance • Unguarded parts • Unguarded swing radius 4 • Working too close to power lines • Safety equipment not functioning properly • Shattered windows • No steps/guardrails walkways • No / Damaged boom angle indicator • Not using / improper outriggers pad Crane Hazards
- 5. Crane Hazards 5 Defective or damaged sheaves Damaged windows / poor visibility Malfunctioning or missing boom angle indicator Poor out rigger pad/unstable ground
- 6. Planning Before Start-Up • Level the crane and ensure support surface is firm and able to support the load • Contact power line owners and determine precautions. Know the location and voltage of overhead power lines. • Know the basic crane capacities, limitations, and job site restrictions, such as the location of power lines, unstable soil, or high winds. • Make other personnel aware of hoisting activities. • Barricade areas within swing radius. • Ensure proper maintenance and inspections. • Determine safe areas to unload the materials or actual place of erection. 6
- 7. 7 Is a person capable of assessing and planning a lift, selecting, inspecting, installing the lifting equipment and accessories, and completing the necessary documentation. He should have the necessary practical and theoretical knowledge and experience of the equipment to be used to enable him to detect defects, weaknesses or anomalies that might jeopardise safe lifting operations. Broken Track Competent Person
- 8. 8 •All crane must be certified by the 3rd Party in annual basis •Operators must hold a current valid certificate to operate the assigned equipment •Crane operator shall be tested for competency by client or Government representative •Crane operator manual in English must be made available in operators cabin •All cranes must be fitted with anti two block device Crane and its Operator
- 9. 9 Crane and its Operator All operators must be trained and conversant with the following; 1. The safe operation of the machine 2. Location and operation of all safety back up systems 3. Reading and understanding of the load chart 4. Capabilities of the machine in all unusual circumstances 5. Any peculiarities pertaining to the machine 6. No operator will be permitted to operate a machine for which he is not trained (Except he is giving adequate training on the machine) 7. Crane key should not be left by the operator whenever he leave the crane cabin 8. Operator should not leave the crane with the still load hanging or not yet fixed
- 10. What to Inspect? Correct air pressure and no leaks Tires properly inflated Clearance for tail swing Wire rope wear Physical damage to crane Loose or missing hardware, nuts, or bolts Fluid leaks Others as per Crane Check List 10
- 11. 11 Broken Strands Damaged wire rope must be taken out of service Crushed Rope Damaged Wire Rope
- 12. 12 Damaged web sling must be taken out of service Damaged Web Sling
- 13. Crane manual should always available in Operators booth Make sure the crane operator can see the: – Rated Load Capacities – Operating Speeds – Special Hazard Warning or Instruction 13 Load Capacity-Speed-Warnings Load Rating Chart
- 14. Load Moment Indicator Refer to shipping ticket or other documentation Ensure lift calculations are correct Ensure load is within load chart rating for boom length and load radius of crane Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will lift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length – the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift 14
- 15. Load Limiting Factors Not level Wind Side loads On its wheels Lifting over the side Use of extensions, jibs and other attachments Limits of wire rope, slings and lifting devices 15
- 16. Cranes Lifting Principles Center of Gravity Leverage Stability Structural Integrity 16
- 17. Load Example – 30 ton crane Will lift 30tons at 3m from the center pin of the crane Based on level surface, no wind, and outriggers fully extended At 7.5m from the center pin with a 25m boom length, the capacity is only 6.8tons At 22.5m from the center pin, the capacity is only 2tons 17
- 18. Improper Slinging/computation of load 18 Improper Slinging / computation of load’s weight or speeds can result in the tipping/tumbling of the crane
- 19. Improper Slinging/computation of load 19 Improper Slinging / computation of load’s weight or speeds can result in the tipping/tumbling of the crane
- 20. Rigging No person will be employed as a rigger until successful completion of the riggers training course Only persons qualified as riggers will directly supervise or be engaged in rigging work Each rigger will be issued with a badge for identification as a qualified rigger A rigger must act in a manner that does not endanger himself or others at work A lifting plan must be in place for lift of 40 tons and above, and all special and difficult lifts (high, long to reach or two crane lifts) 20
- 21. Lifting Plan Lifting plan must include as a minimum; Position of item to be lifted and lifting equipment (Pick up and set down) Weight and configuration of item to be lifted Radius of lift Calculated capacity of lifting equipment at all stages (Load chart attached) Details of lifting equipment (shackles, lifting beams etc) Lifting restrictions Ground loads 21
- 22. Rigging Requirements All sling or steel wire shall be kept in good condition Damage wire rope or any lifting gears must be discarded immediately All rigging equipment must have a valid test certificate All rigging gear must be inspected and records of inspections kept (Competent person and color code) 22
- 23. Quarterly Color Coding 23 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER INSPECTION AND COLOR CODING SHALL BE CONDUCTED BY RIGGING COMPETENT PERSON
- 24. Hand Signal 24 An illustration of the signals must be posted at the job site. This standard signal shall be used by the rigger and must be clearly understood by the crane operator
- 25. Barricade Affected Area 25 Stay out of the swing radius of the crane Make sure there are barrier guards showing swing radius
- 26. 26 Provide stable footings for outriggers Rigging and Slinging
- 27. 27 Use “Tag Lines” on ALL lifts Rigging and Slinging
- 28. 28 Rigging and Slinging Use “Choker Hitch” on loose material
- 29. Rigging and Slinging 29 Use “Dunnage” and “Wedges” for stacking
- 32. Rigging and Slinging 32 Secure the block to the anchor point on the crane Sheaves will be damaged
- 33. Rigging and Slinging 33 90O MAX Max.90 Sling angle must be <90
- 34. Rigging and Slinging 34 ALL hooks must have safety latches
- 35. Rigging and Slinging 35 Use softener to protect the slings
- 36. Rigging and Slinging 36 Use softeners on the load NOT to the sling (otherwise damage cannot be seen)
- 37. Rigging and Slinging 37 Do NOT overcrowd a hook – use a shackle
- 38. Rigging and Slinging 38 Do NOT overcrowd a hook – use a shackle
- 39. Rigging and Slinging 39 Never stand under a load
- 41. Rigging and Slinging 41 Ensure hook is above load centre before lifting
- 42. Rigging and Slinging 42 For container lifts, use “Shackles” or “Container slings”
- 43. Rigging and Slinging 43 Required personnel during Crane lifting: -Crane Operator -Rigger / Slinger -Rigger /Signal man
- 45. Rigging and Slinging 45 IF IT TAKES MORE THAN ONE MAN, SOMETHING’S WRONG ! !
- 46. Battening Down 46 It is sometimes imagined that slings in choke hitch can be made more secure by striking the eye of a sling in an attempt to force the bight into closer contact with the load. This dangerous malpractice is often called “battening down”. The bight should be allowed to assume its natural angle which will be about 120° NATURAL ANGLE 120º
- 47. Man Basket Operation 47 Permit must be obtained prior to any Man Basket Operation and the following conditions must be met; •Only approved Man basket is to be used for lifting personnel by a crane •Crane must have positive drive up and down •Crane must be equipped with a functional anti two block device •Crane must not operate outside of a radius that reduces the cranes capacity by more than 50% •All shackle pins must be well secured •Additional sling must attach to the headache ball as a lifeline
- 48. Man Basket Operation 48 •The man-cage must not be used to lift personnel and material at the same time •Only two persons are to be lifted in the Man basket •All personnel must wear full body harness •All signal must be given by a qualified rigger identified by a jacket
- 49. Man Basket Operation 49 • Man-basket permit will be valid only for one operation •A trial lift will be first conducted prior to actual man basket operation • Once basket is lifted personnel are not allowed to climb in or out of it
- 50. Summary 50 An unstable load, lack of communication, lack of training, and inadequate maintenance or inspection are major contributors to crane accidents.
- 51. 51 • Operators or others working in the area can be victims to “struck by" and "caught in" injuries. • Contact with power lines causes many accidents. • A competent person must inspect a crane regularly to insure it is in proper order. • Planning and training reduces accidents. Summary LIFT SAFELY AND LIVE HAPPY