Creating fast, dynamic ACLs in Zend Framework (Zend Webinar)
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Slides from the Zend Webinar on 'Creating fast and dynamic ACLs in Zend Framework' (15 June 2011). Zend Framework's Access Control Layer system is simple and straight-forward; however, as the number of rules increase in size and complexity, maintenance and performance suffer. The solution: a dynamic, reflection-based ACL system, with built-in caching. Sound complicated? Don't worry, it's easy to setup and a lot easier to manage! Join this webinar to learn how! Presenter: Wim Godden
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Creating fast, dynamic ACLs in Zend Framework (Zend Webinar)
- 1. Creating fast, dynamic ACLs in Zend Framework Wim Godden Cu.be Solutions
- 2. Who am I ? Wim Godden (@wimgtr)
- 3. Owner of Cu.be Solutions (http://cu.be)
- 4. PHP developer since 1997
- 7. Zend Framework Certified Engineer
- 9. Talking about... Authentication -> Zend_Auth Auditing -> Zend_Log Authorization -> Zend_Acl
- 10. Authorization Wikipedia : "the function of specifying access rights to resources"
- 11. What's a resource ? Object (Article, Invoice, Document, …)
- 12. Webpage
- 13. Database / table / row
- 14. ...
- 15. Standard ACL Access to resources is defined in privileges
- 16. Privileges are grouped together in roles
- 17. 2 types of roles : Anonymous / Unknown
- 19. Within Zend Framework : Zend_Acl Flexible
- 20. Uses standard role, resource principles
- 21. Zend_Acl : the good Recognizable -> easy to get started
- 22. No link to specific backend
- 23. Allow + deny
- 24. Proven, tested
- 25. Zend_Acl : the bad & ugly Complexity of rules rises quickly
- 27. All rules are in-code
- 28. -> maintainability becomes an issue
- 29. Evolution of a portal $acl = new Zend_Acl(); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'guest' )); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'member' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'admin' ), 'member' ); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'cms' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'report' )); $acl->allow( 'guest' , 'cms' , 'view' ); $acl->allow( 'admin' , 'cms' , 'edit' ); $acl->deny( 'guest' , 'report' ); $acl->allow( 'member' , 'report' );
- 30. Evolution of a portal $acl = new Zend_Acl(); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'guest' )); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentA' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentB' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'admin' ), 'member' ); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'cms' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'report' )); $acl->allow( 'guest' , 'cms' , 'view' ); $acl->allow( 'admin' , 'cms' , 'edit' ); $acl->deny( 'guest' , 'report' ); $acl->allow( 'departmentA' , 'report' );
- 31. Evolution of a portal $acl = new Zend_Acl(); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'guest' )); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentA' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentB' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentC_senior_staff' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentC_marketing' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'admin' ), 'member' ); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'cms' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'report' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'newsletter' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'photo' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'faq' )); $acl->allow( 'guest' , 'cms' , 'view' ); $acl->allow( 'admin' , 'cms' , 'edit' ); $acl->deny( 'guest' , 'report' ); $acl->allow( 'departmentA' , 'report' ); $acl->deny('departmentC_senior_staff', 'newsletter'); $acl->allow('departmentC_marketing', 'newsletter'); $acl->allow('member', 'photo', 'view'); $acl->allow('departmentC_marketing', 'photo', 'upload'); $acl->allow('admin', 'photo', 'delete'); $acl->allow('guest', 'faq', 'view'); $acl->allow('member', 'faq', 'comment'); $acl->allow('departmentA', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('departmentC_senior_staff', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'faq', 'edit');
- 32. Evolution of a portal $acl = new Zend_Acl(); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'guest' )); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentA' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentB' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentC_senior_staff' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentC_marketing' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'cook' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'admin' ), 'member' ); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'cms' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'report' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'newsletter' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'photo' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'faq' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'invoicing' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'stats' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'lunchmenu' )); $acl->allow( 'guest' , 'cms' , 'view' ); $acl->allow( 'admin' , 'cms' , 'edit' ); $acl->deny( 'guest' , 'report' ); $acl->allow( 'departmentA' , 'report' ); $acl->deny('departmentC_senior_staff', 'newsletter'); $acl->allow('departmentC_marketing', 'newsletter'); $acl->allow('member', 'photo', 'view'); $acl->allow('departmentC_marketing', 'photo', 'upload'); $acl->allow('admin', 'photo', 'delete'); $acl->allow('guest', 'faq', 'view'); $acl->allow('member', 'faq', 'comment'); $acl->allow('departmentA', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('departmentC_senior_staff', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'photo', 'delete'); $acl->allow('guest', 'faq', 'view'); $acl->allow('member', 'faq', 'comment'); $acl->allow('departmentA', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('departmentC_senior_staff', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('cook', 'lunchmenu', 'edit'); $acl->allow('member', 'lunchmenu', 'view'); $acl->allow('accounting', 'invoicing', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'invoicing', 'edit'); $acl->allow('departmentC_senior_staff', 'invoicing', 'report');
- 33. Evolution of a portal $acl = new Zend_Acl(); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'guest' )); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentA' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentB' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentC_senior_staff' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'departmentC_marketing' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'cook' ), 'guest' ); $acl->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'admin' ), 'member' ); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'cms' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'report' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'newsletter' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'photo' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'faq' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'invoicing' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'stats' )); $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'lunchmenu' )); $acl->allow( 'guest' , 'cms' , 'view' ); $acl->allow( 'admin' , 'cms' , 'edit' ); $acl->deny( 'guest' , 'report' ); $acl->allow( 'departmentA' , 'report' ); $acl->deny('departmentC_senior_staff', 'newsletter'); $acl->allow('departmentC_marketing', 'newsletter'); $acl->allow('member', 'photo', 'view'); $acl->allow('departmentC_marketing', 'photo', 'upload'); $acl->allow('admin', 'photo', 'delete'); $acl->allow('guest', 'faq', 'view'); $acl->allow('member', 'faq', 'comment'); $acl->allow('departmentA', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('departmentC_senior_staff', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'photo', 'delete'); $acl->allow('guest', 'faq', 'view'); $acl->allow('member', 'faq', 'comment'); $acl->allow('departmentA', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('departmentC_senior_staff', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'faq', 'edit'); $acl->allow('cook', 'lunchmenu', 'edit'); $acl->allow('member', 'lunchmenu', 'view'); $acl->allow('accounting', 'invoicing', 'edit'); $acl->allow('admin', 'invoicing', 'edit'); $acl->allow('departmentC_senior_staff', 'invoicing', 'report');
- 34. Hard to ... maintain all rules
- 35. keep track of the rules
- 36. debug the rules
- 37. Possible solution : database Extend Zend_Acl to database driven design
- 38. Good : no code changes required
- 39. Bad : more load on DB
- 40. A different approach Not THE solution, merely A solution
- 43. ZF Conventional Modular Directory Structure
- 44. Backend interface for easy management
- 45. Different resources Zend_ACL : $acl->addResource( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'cms' )); $acl->allow( 'guest' , 'cms' , 'view' ); $acl->allow( 'admin' , 'cms' , 'edit' ); Access to : Controller : cms
- 46. Action : view / edit Why not integrate with the request itself ?
- 48. Zend_Acl as a controller plugin <?php class My_Plugin_Acl extends Zend_Controller_Plugin_Abstract { private $_acl = null; public function __construct(Zend_Acl $acl ) { $this ->_acl = $acl ; } public function preDispatch(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request ) { $role = (Zend_Auth::getInstance()->hasIdentity()) ? 'user' : 'guest' ; //For this example, we will use the controller as the resource: $resource = $request ->getControllerName(); if (! $this ->_acl->isAllowed( $role , $resource , 'view' )) { //If the user has no access we send him elsewhere by changing the request $request ->setModuleName( 'auth' ) ->setControllerName( 'auth' ) ->setActionName( 'login' ) ->setDispatched(false); return false; } } }
- 49. Initializing the ACL Let's have a look
- 50. Zend_Acl manual rules <?php class My_Acl extends Zend_Acl { public function __construct() { //Add a new role called "guest" $this ->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'guest' )); //Add a role called user, which inherits from guest $this ->addRole( new Zend_Acl_Role( 'user' ), 'guest' ); //Add a resource called page $this ->add( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'page' )); //Add a resource called news, which inherits page $this ->add( new Zend_Acl_Resource( 'news' ), 'page' ); //Finally, we want to allow guests to view pages $this ->allow( 'guest' , 'page' , 'view' ); //and users can comment news $this ->allow( 'user' , 'news' , 'comment' ); } }
- 51. Our ACL id role_id module controller action 1 2 newsletter send index 2 1 cms article edit 3 3 % % % id name email pw 1 Chris [email_address] ******* 2 Jake [email_address] ******* 3 Jeniffer [email_address] ******* id name 1 webmaster 2 marketeer 3 admin user_id role_id 1 2 2 3 3 1
- 52. Application_Acl class Application_Acl { public function isAllowed($user = null , $request = null , $privilege = null ) { if (is_null($user) === false && $user !== false && $user instanceof User) { $userId = $user-> id ; } else { $userId = 0; } $db = Zend_Db_Table:: getDefaultAdapter (); $stmt = $db->query( ' select module_name, controller_name, action_name from privilege join role on role.id = privilege.role_id join userRole on userRole.role_id = role.role_id where userRole.user_id = ? and ( module_name = "%" or ( module_name = ? and ( controller_name = "%" or ( controller_name = ? and ( action_name = "%" or action_name = ? ) ) ) ) ) ' , array ( $userId, $request->getModuleName(), $request->getControllerName(), $request->getActionName() ) ); $stmt->execute(); $row = $stmt->fetch(); // Returns a row or false if ($row !== false ) { return true ; } else { return false ; } } }
- 53. To cache or not to cache - Option 1 (no cache) 1 query per ACL request
- 54. = 1 query per pageview / ajax request
- 55. 99.99% will be identical
- 56. -> "Just rely on MySQL query cache !"
- 57. FAIL !
- 58. Even for cached queries, MySQL connections use memory, I/O, CPU, ...
- 59. Caching - Option 2 (cache the main query) 1 DB query per user for each unique ACL request
- 60. User with 20 privileges -> 20 possible requests
- 61. All subsequent pageviews : 1 cache request
- 62. What's in the cache ? Entry Data acl_user_3_%_%_% 1 acl_user_1_cms_article_edit 1 acl_user_1_admin_destroy_planet 0 Problem : what if we add a privilege to a role ? -> All cached entries for all users should be refreshed (ouch !)
- 63. Caching - Option 3 - denormalize in cache
- 64. What's in the cache ? Entry Data acl_user_3 3, 1, 4 acl_user_1 3, 1, 2 acl_role_1 a:3:{i:0;s:45:"a:2:{i:0;s:5:"%_%_%";}";i:1;i:1308106740;i:2;s:6:"604800";} User's roles Privileges listed in a role
- 65. Caching - Option 3 - denormalize in cache 1 DB query per user at login (retrieve user's roles)
- 66. User with 20 privileges -> just 1 DB query
- 67. 1 cache query per pageview + 1 per role
- 68. Good : Less queries on DB
- 69. Less data in the cache (only roles, not full privileges of each user)
- 70. Add a privilege to a role -> update the role only Bad : More queries on cache Choice : depends on where your highest load is (but memory is cheap and Memcache is fast !)
- 71. Caching - let's have a look
- 72. Managing the roles / privileges Zend_Acl : manual typ(o)ing
- 74. easy management -> Reflection
- 75. Reflection ? Used to inspect objects during run-time
- 76. Available since PHP 5.0
- 77. Can be applied to : Classes
- 78. Objects
- 79. Methods
- 80. Functions
- 81. Properties
- 82. Extensions
- 83. Reflection - example <?php class Test { static public function testMe ($reason) { echo 'I have a reason : ' . $reason; } } $reflector = new ReflectionClass( 'Test' ); echo 'Class name : ' . $reflector->getName() . "\n" ; echo "Methods : \n" ; var_dump($reflector->getMethods()); Outputs : Class name : Test Methods : array(1) { [0]=> &object(ReflectionMethod)#2 (2) { ["name"]=> string(6) "testMe" ["class"]=> string(4) "Test" } }
- 84. Backend interface with reflection
- 85. Questions ?
- 86. Contact Web http://techblog.wimgodden.be
- 88. Twitter @wimgtr
- 90. Thanks ! Feel free to rate my webinar at http://tinyurl.com/acltalk
Editor's Notes
- #2: Enjoyed dinner