Creating scalable message driven solutions akkadotnet
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The actor model is an approach to designing concurrent systems that has been around since the early 70's, but is gaining more popularity today. Being a message-based approach, the actor model fits nicely when building out transactional or multi-step workflow process systems. Message-driven actor systems take a lot of the complexity away and allow you to create small classes (actors) that handle very specific tasks. These actors are coordinated via the passing of immutable messages, which allows your system to scale out if needed. In this talk, we’ll look at a popular .NET actor system Akka.NET and, through several simple examples, show you how to get started building scalable message-driven solutions.
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Creating scalable message driven solutions akkadotnet
- 1. CREATING SCALABLE MESSAGE- DRIVEN SOLUTIONS (WITH AKKA.NET) David Hoerster
- 2. ABOUT ME 5-Time .NET (Visual C#) MVP (April 2011) Sr. Solutions Architect at Confluence One of the organizers for Pittsburgh TechFest (http://pghtechfest.com) Organizer of Pittsburgh Reactive Dev Group (http://meetup.com/reactive) Past President of Pittsburgh .NET Users Group Twitter - @DavidHoerster Blog – http://blog.agileways.com Email – [email protected]
- 3. AGENDA Messages as Part of Application Design Being Reactive What the Actor Model Provides Hello Akka.NET Working with Akka.NET Cross-Process Actor Systems (Akka.Remote)
- 4. CQRS Command Query Responsibility Segregation Coined by Greg Young Evolution of CQS (Command Query Separation) Coined by Bertrand Meyer Both revolve around the separation of writes (command) and reads (query) CQS is more at the unit level CQRS is at the bounded context level, or so
- 5. MESSAGES The core of CQRS Messages Communication from the service layer to the domain via commands Command handlers could also update the underlying repository As actions happen, events are raised Event handlers could issue other commands Event handlers could update the underlying repository
- 6. MESSAGES Regardless of how it’s implemented, communication between application parts is via messages Not only helps communicate intent of the action “PublishWidget”, “ExpireWorkItem”, “UpdateDefinition”, “DefinitionUpdated” But allows for remote handling of messages Queue, REST payload, etc.
- 7. MESSAGES ARE KEY TO BEING REACTIVE
- 8. SO? So how does this affect my system design? Let’s consider some procedural pitfalls
- 9. WORD COUNTER EXAMPLE Simple program to count the occurrences of words in a document Print out the top 25 words and their counts at the end Can be accomplished easily via procedural code
- 11. WORD COUNTER EXAMPLE What if you wanted to spread out the counting load? What if you wanted to scale out to other nodes/processes/machines? Fault tolerance, concurrent actions, etc.?
- 12. BUILDING CONCURRENT APPS In word counter, may need to spawn some threads Lock some critical sections, etc. The system becomes responsible for knowing everything going on Very Proactive (not Reactive!) system
- 13. SIDE NOTE: REACTIVE VS. PROACTIVE Isn’t proactive a good thing? A system taking upon itself to check state is proactive It’s doing too much A reactive system reacts to events that occur It’s doing just the right amount
- 14. SIDE NOTE: REACTIVE VS. PROACTIVE Isn’t proactive a good thing? A system taking upon itself to check state is proactive It’s doing too much A reactive system reacts to events that occur It’s doing just the right amount System EvtEvt System EvtEvt Proactive Reactive
- 15. REAL WORLD SCENARIO Loosely structured data Multiple files to combine Operations to perform during the projection process
- 16. REAL WORLD SCENARIO File File File Join Op Join/ End
- 17. REAL WORLD SCENARIO Number of “steps” May need some sub-steps Can be broken down into individual pieces Actors Communicate via messages for loose coupling
- 18. REAL WORLD SCENARIO Actually looks like this: Multiple sources Several transforms Several joins Configurable
- 19. ACTOR MODEL Actor Model is a system made of small units of concurrent computation Formulated in the early 70’s Each unit is an actor Communicates to each other via messages Actors can have children, which they can supervise
- 20. WHAT IS AN ACTOR? Class that encapsulates state and behavior State can be persisted (Akka.Persistence) Behavior can be switched (Become/Unbecome) Has a mailbox to receive messages Ordered delivery by default Queue Can create child actors Has a supervisory strategy for child actors How to handle misbehaving children Are always thread safe Have a lifecycle Started, stopped, restarted
- 21. AKKA.NET Akka.NET is an open source framework Actor Model for .NET Port of Akka (for JVM/Scala) http://getakka.net NuGet package – search for Akka.Net (not the first result usually!)
- 22. STARTING WITH AKKA.NET Akka.NET is a hierarchical system Root of the system is ActorSystem Expensive to instantiate – create and hold! ActorSystem can then be used to create Actors
- 23. CREATING AN ACTOR An Actor has a unique address Can be accessed/communicated to like a URI Call ActorOf off ActorSystem, provide it a name URI (actor path) is created hierarchically Actor Path = akka://myName/user/announcer
- 24. SENDING A MESSAGE Messages are basis of actor communication Should be IMMUTABLE!!! “Tell” an actor a message Async call Immutable!!
- 25. RECEIVING A MESSAGE Create your Actor Derive from ReceiveActor In constructor, register your message subscriptions
- 26. RECEIVING A MESSAGE Each actor has a mailbox Messages are received in the actor’s mailbox (queue) Actor is notified that there’s a message It receives the message Takes it out of the mailbox Next one is queued up Ordered delivery by default Other mailboxes (like Priority) that are out-of-order Actor Mailbox Msg
- 28. CREATING CHILDREN Best to call ActorOf to get an IActorRef Create a static Props creator Actor path is relative to parent’s actor path akka://myDemo/user/countChocula/{childName} When creating a child, good idea to name it So you can reference it later!
- 29. WORD COUNTER WITH ACTORS Program sends StartCount message to CountSupervisor CountSupervisor, for each line, sends line to one of 5 LineCounterActors (ReadLineForCounting message) LineCounterActor counts the word in that line Tells the Sender (CountSupervisor) the results (MappedList message) CountSupervisor aggregates results of MappedList messages When all lines complete, CountSupervisor sends each LineActor a Complete message LineCounterActor cleans up and sends CountSupervisor Complete When all LineCounterActors are Complete, CountSupervisor prints out top 25 words
- 30. MAP-REDUCE DEMO
- 31. ROUTING Map Reduce example used Round Robin There are others OOTB Broadcast Random Consistent Hashing (used by Cluster) Smallest Mailbox More Pools and Groups Pools are more anonymous Groups are pre-created
- 32. FINDING CHILDREN Within an actor, call Context.Child with the name of the child actor If not found, ActorRefs.Nobody is returned If found, you have an IActorRef to work with Using ActorSelection doesn’t guarantee actor is initialized
- 33. MORE COMPLEX ACTOR DEMO baseball gameCoo rdinator gameInfo -x gameInfo -y playerSup ervisor batter-abatter-bbatter-c c-01 c-11 c-32
- 34. INTEGRATION Integration with other systems is simple Best to encapsulate in its own actor Contain any errors there Prevent affecting parts of the system further upstream
- 35. ASYNC Actors have messages delivered to them in order via a Mailbox As message is received, handed to Actor to process Messages in mailbox queue up As a result, async processing of messages isn’t possible Receive<> (async msg => { … }) doesn’t work If you need to perform async tasks within Receive PipeTo(Self) usually does the trick Re-queues message back on Mailbox When delivered, actor resumes Actor Mailbox Msg PipeTo
- 36. ACTORS ACROSS PROCESSES Akka.Remote module Configure via HOCON Human Optimized Configuration Object Notation Allows an actor system to distribute messages to actors across processes Location transparency!!
- 37. ACTORS ACROSS PROCESSES baseball gameCoor dinator gameInfo -x gameInfo -y playerSup ervisor batter-abatter-bbatter-c eventSupe rvisor batter-a batter-b c-01 c-11 c-32 atBatWrite r
- 38. ACTORS ACROSS PROCESSES Actor Path modified akka.tcp://localhost:50000@{system}/user/{supervisor}/{name} Protocol and location added to actor path Protocol defaults to tcp, but you can provide your own Actor path above is remote path
- 39. AKKA.REMOTE DEMO
- 40. ELASTICITY WITH ACTORS Akka.Cluster Multiple nodes of an actor system acting as one Allows for failure Can also expand out for performance
- 41. SAVING ACTOR STATE Akka.Persistence Persist each message (or snapshots) to storage Like event sourcing Rehydrate actor state after failure or for whatever reason
- 42. ASKING AN ACTOR Wait for a response from an actor Somewhat of an anti-pattern for Actor Model If used, use sparingly
- 43. HANDLING ERRORS An exception during processing with a classic app could crash the whole system An exception within a child actor is isolated
- 44. IS AKKA.NET…? Pub/Sub? No, but it could be Message Bus, like RabbitMQ or MassTransit Uses messages to communicate Message bus concerned with building a distributed system topology Storm, ETL/ELT, etc.? Kind of Can build system like that with Akka.NET