Crisis counseling
Download as PPTX, PDF27 likes22,176 views
This document provides an overview of crisis counseling. It defines crisis counseling as a short-term intervention focused on minimizing stress and improving coping during a crisis. The document outlines the objectives, background, types of crises, signs of crisis, and elements of crisis counseling including assessment, education, support, and developing coping skills. It aims to help individuals restore control and functioning after a crisis event.
Crisis counseling
- 1. CRISIS COUNSELING Prepared by Raveen Ismael Abdullah B.CS.in Nursing Hawler medical university College of nursing 2016-2017
- 2. Outlines • Introduction to crisis Counseling • Importance of crisis counseling • Reaction to crisis • Type of crisis • Sign of crisis • Elements of crisis counseling • Assessment of crisis
- 3. Objectives At the end of presentations students will be able to : • Differentiate between psychotherapy and crisis counseling • Identify the type of crisis and how to assess clients situations . • Understand the main elements of crisis counseling
- 5. Background • The roots of modern day crisis counseling date back to World War I and World War II. • Before this time, soldiers who exhibited significant psychological reactions to the experiences they had at war were frequently seen as weak or even disloyal. • However, it soon became visible that soldier who were immediately offered treatment fared much better than their untreated counterparts.
- 6. Introduction • Crisis counseling is not psychotherapy. • Crisis intervention is focused on minimizing the stress of the event, providing emotional support and improving the individual’s coping strategies. • Like psychotherapy, crisis counseling involves assessment, planning and treatment, but the scope of is generally much more specific
- 7. Introduction • A crisis refers not just to a traumatic event or experience, but to an individual's response to the situation. • Crisis counselling is to help an individual to restore some sense of control and mastery after a crisis event or disaster. • Crisis counseling is generally lasting for a period of no longer than a few weeks, although the effects may become long-lasting.
- 8. Crisis • is a perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms. (James & Gilliland, 2001)
- 9. Reaction to Personal Crisis Individuals in crisis can: • Cope by themselves and grow stronger from the experience • Survive the immediate crisis, but block it from consciousness leading to future problems • Break down from the crisis – putting life on hold unless they receive immediate assistance
- 10. Signs of crisis • Counselors are encouraged to be aware of the typical responses of those who have experienced a crisis or currently struggling with the trauma. Cognitive response : • blame themselves or others for the trauma. • disoriented, becomes hypersensitive or confused, has poor concentration, uncertainty, and poor troubleshooting. Physical responses : • increased heart rate, tremors, dizziness, weakness, chills, headaches, vomiting, shock, fainting, sweating, and fatigue.
- 11. Emotional responses • The person may experiences apathy, depression, irritability, anxiety, panic, helplessness, hopelessness, anger, fear, guilt, and denial. Behavioral response • Difficulty eating and/or sleeping, conflicts with others, withdrawal from social situations, and lack of interest in social activities. Signs of crisis
- 12. Typologies of Crises • Developmental crises occur when events in the normal flux and flow of human growth are disrupted by a dramatic shift that accelerate an abnormal response. • Graduation from college, marriage, a first child, job change, or retirement are all key developmental benchmarks that call for dramatic shifts. • Cultural variances may play a large part in whether these developmental issues are seen as crises or not.
- 13. Typologies of Crises • Situational crises : occur when an uncommon event occurs that the individual has no way of warn or controlling. Example : Automobile accidents, rapes, shootings, sudden illnesses, the unexpected death of a child or spouse, job loss, and divorce
- 14. • Existential crises are those inner conflicts that accompany the important human issues of joy, happiness, love, responsibility, goal orientation, and self- concept. • Existential crises occur when individuals suddenly realize that some important intrapersonal aspect of their lives will never be fulfilled. Typologies of Crises
- 15. • Systemic crises Example / Crisis result: • in death and injury, as well as the loss of basic human necessities such as food and shelter. • Infrastructure services are destroyed, and the means of employment are lost because the businesses where people worked are no longer in existence. Typologies of Crises
- 16. Crisis Counseling Crisis counseling: a process that has as its focus the emotional consequences of a crisis. Crisis Intervention : is an immediate and short-term psychological care aimed at assisting individuals in a crisis situation. Duration : Crisis counselling can range from 15 minutes to 2 hours, whereas the frequency of crisis counselling with the same person ranges from 1 to 3 times.
- 17. Why we do crisis counseling? Crisis counselling is special and has limited goals such as: 1. To ensure safety and promote overall stability 1. To provide emotional support for the individual. 2. To solve problem and assists individuals in obtaining available resources. 3. To restore equilibrium to their biopsychosocial functioning and to minimize the potential for long- term psychological trauma.
- 19. The Counselor’s Role 1. Listen to concerns 2. Assess safety needs 3. Protect rights and responsibilities of client . 4. Build therapeutic relationship. 5. Putting objectives . 6. Speak clearly, in the present, about the problem. 7. Take immediate, direct action to restore mobility and equilibrium.
- 20. Counselor Characteristics • Maturity • Variety of life experiences • Basic helping skills • High energy • Knowledgeable • Calm in high stress environments
- 21. Elements of Crisis Counseling 1. Assessing the Situation • The first part of crisis counseling involves assessing the client’s current situation. • This involves listening to the client, asking questions and determining what the individual needs to cope effectively with the crisis. • During this time, the crisis counseling provider needs to define the problem while at the same time acting as a source of empathy, acceptance and support. Ensure client safety, both physically and psychologically.
- 22. Ask and Listen • Open-ended questions • Closed-ended questions • Owning feelings • Disowned statements • Conveying understanding • Value judgments • Positive reinforcement • Empathy, genuineness, acceptance
- 23. 2. Education • People who are experiencing a crisis need information about their current condition and the steps they can take to minimize the damage. Elements of Crisis Counseling
- 24. 3. Offering Support • providing support, stabilization and resources. • Active listening. • Nonjudgmental support during a crisis can help reduce stress improve coping. • Develop a brief dependency on supportive people. • Unlike unhealthy dependencies, these relationships help the individual become stronger and more independent. Elements of Crisis Counseling
- 25. 4. Developing Coping Skills • Helping clients develop coping skills to deal with the immediate crisis. • Helping the client explore different solutions to the problem. • Practicing stress reduction techniques. • Encouraging positive thinking. Elements of Crisis Counseling
- 26. Assessment First step of assessment • The first is triage assessment, which is an immediate assessment to determine lethality and determine appropriate referral to one of the following: emergency inpatient hospitalization, outpatient treatment facility or private therapist, or if no referral is needed.
- 27. Second step of assessment • Gathering information regarding the individual’s crisis state, environment, and interpersonal relationships in order to work towards resolving the current crisis. • This step helps facilitate development of an effective and appropriate treatment plan. Assessment
- 28. Third step of assessment • Biosocial and cultural assessment. • This would be completed by using systematic assessment tools to ascertain the client’s current level of stress, situation, present problem, and severe crisis episode Assessment
- 29. Summary • A crisis is a disturbance resulting from a perceived threat that challenges the person's usual coping mechanisms. • Crises can stimulate growth. • Crisis intervention is a brief, active therapy with the goal of returning the individual to a pre crisis level of functioning.
- 30. References Hill, J.R. (1985). Predicting suicide. Psychiatric Services, 46, 223-225. Parad, H.J. & Parad, L.G. (1999). Crisis Intervention: Book 2. Ontario, Canada: Manticore Publishers. Wiger, D.E. & Harowski, K.J. (2003). Essentials of Crisis Counseling and Intervention. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.