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Critical analysis of an integrative contingency model of software project risk management
- 1. Critical analysis of an Integrative Contingency Model of Software Project Risk Management Abstract Risk is an important factor in the software project risk management and all project managers takes necessary steps like identification, assessment and mitigation to reduce it to achieve the success. However, modelling of risk in the software project risk management is challenging part. Authors have proposed an integrative contingency model for software project risk management to reduce the risk and enhance the performance. In this paper, we have carried out analysis of the proposed integrative contingency model of the software project risk management. Introduction ● Software Project Management A sub-discipline of project management is software project management in which projects are planned, executed, examined and controlled. The scope of the project is identified; estimation of the work involved, and creation of project schedule is done in project planning phase. It begins with requirements given for the development of the software. The project plan describes the tasks which will lead to the completion of the software. Tasks defined in the previous steps are completed in the execution phase. The development team and management are kept up to date on the project's progress in the project monitoring and control phase. If the project is not going as per planning phase then project manager takes necessary action to correct it. ● Risk Management in Software Development Software development activities consist of varieties of technologies and high levels of knowledge/expertises. Therefore, software development project has elements of uncertainty because of these factors and it is known as project risk in software development. A risk is a possible problem which may have effect the success of a software project. The term total risk exposure for software project includes both the likelihood and the volume of the possible loss. It is not enough for software project managers to simply be aware of the risks in the development cycle. All the risks related to project should be identify , measure and prioritize by the manager to achieve a successful result. All software project managers will be agree that any software project cannot move forward without risk because mostly software projects are distinctive, include new features and advancements in the technologies. It is important for all stakeholders of software project management to asses and mitigates risks which may have an effect on the success of a project. Following are the tasks of risk management; ● Identify the probable risks ● Categorize and prioritize the risks
- 2. ● Make a plan which links risk to a mitigation ● Monitor the development process and execute the mitigating action incase of risk. ● Risk status should be communicated during execution of the project. Integrative contingency The integrative contingency approach or model is defined: Identifying, assessment and developing useful link between management, environmental and performance variables. Applications like software project risk management use the integrative contingency model to reduce the risk. Literature Review This paper highlights the previous research in the software project risk management like weak and strength areas which indicate the importance and complexity of the risk issue in the software development. Software risk management have attracted the attention of many researchers because of its importance in the software industry. Varieties of approaches have been used for the study of different aspects of software project risk management. Risks linked with the managing software projects discussed by the practitioners and academics in 1970’s. However, major focus of their research was on the studies limited to the development process. As per recent literature review, It is identified that empirical studies on software risk management is done between 1990–2005 and also analyzed their research purpose, content, theoretical foundations, time frame and possible research approach. During these research times, few weaknesses have been identified. The study of the paper is focused on the integrative contingency model of software project risk management. Author also explains the hypothesis of integrative contingency model which describe about the performance of a software development project lies between the risk exposure and management profile of software project. This hypothesis is tested against the deviation perspective profile of fit for a specific profile of project management profile. Perspective of Contingency inSoftware Project Risk Management Organizational contingency theory research approach also influenced the software project risk management. As per Burns et al. a fit is establish by successful organizations between the level of uncertainty of their environment, process and structural characteristics. A number of researchers accepted contingency perspective is very relevant to the software project risk management. So, if software projects are developed and managed with fit approach (the level of the project’s environment risk or uncertainty) will be more effective comparatively those projects that do not follow it.
- 3. Implementation of an Integrative Contingency model in Software Project Risk Management The following figure shows the integration of contingency model in the software project risk management which summarizes and integrates the above proposed points. Figure 1 The above figure is explained below: The performance of the project will be higher if “fit” is better between the scale of risk exposure and management profile of a software project. Performance In the software development project, performance is measure based on the efficiency and effectiveness of the software. Risk Exposure According to the research of many information systems (IS), when managing a software project, risk or uncertainty of the project must be consider during software development. The probability of an unacceptable outcome is known as “risk,” and “risk exposure” is the probability multiplied by the potential loss of the unacceptable result. Risk evaluation approaches approximate the likelihood of an unwanted result by identifying and assessing situational characteristics probable to influence the occurrence of the outcome and these are known as “risk factors” . Fit “Fit” is defined as the level of risk managements of software projects profile matches with Risk Exposure. It is important for the researcher to carefully adopt the
- 4. contingency approach while defining the concept of “fit”. Two broad categories of Fit are “reductionist” and “holistic” conceptualization. Conclusion In this paper, author proposed the use of “Fit” to test the performance of the software projects. The results of the usage of an integrative contingency model in the software project risk management indicate that efficiencies of the software is also improved. PLAGRISM REPORT