Cross-National Perspective of Systems of Education in Pakistan
- 1. COMPARATIVE EDUCATION Unit no.4 Cross-National Perspective of Systems of Education in Pakistan Submitted to: Dr. Prof Sidra Aslam SUBMIT TED BY: AIMAN FATIMA # 21 USMA ZAFAR # 25 IRSHA SAT TAR # 26 Date: 21-Feb-2024
- 2. TEACH A COURSE 2 content: 4.1 Brief overview of Private/Madrassah/Formal Education, Distance and Non-Formal Education 4.2 Provincial System of Education 4.3 Public and Private System of Education
- 3. TEACH A COURSE 3 Brief Overview of Private/Madrassah/Formal Education, Distance and Non- Formal Education 4.1
- 4. TEACH A COURSE 4 Private Education A school supported by a private organization or private individuals rather than by the state. A private school is self-directed and generates its own funding through various sources like student tuition, private grants and donations.
- 5. TEACH A COURSE 5 Features Private schools have the flexibility to design their curriculum to meet the needs of their students. They can offer specialized courses or programs that may not be available in public schools.. Flexibility Private schools often strongly emphasize extracurricular activities such as sports, music, and drama. These activities can help students develop teamwork, leadership, and creativity skills. Emphasis on Extracurricular Activities Private schools typically have smaller class sizes, so students can receive more individualized attention from teachers Smaller Class Sizes
- 6. TEACH A COURSE 6 Continue… Academic standards at private schools are frequently higher than those in public ones. They may offer more advanced coursework or require students to take more challenging classes. Rigorous Academic Standards Many private schools incorporate character education into their curriculum. This can include teaching values such as honesty, respect, and responsibility and encouraging students to give back to their communities through service projects. Character Education
- 7. TEACH A COURSE 7 Madrassah’s Education Arabic word for school. Those institutions which impart religious education through their own curriculum instead of one prescribed by the Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan” (Andrabi et al., 2006). In general, madrasas refer to a traditional form of Islamic education consisting of a core curriculum of a variety of Islamic subjects.
- 8. TEACH A COURSE 8 Types Integrated Madrasah Offers the public school curriculum and Arabic literacy, as well as Islamic religious subjects. Formal Madrasah Offers generally structured education and consecutive learning generally attuned with the formal education system. Offers playgroup, primary and secondary education . Traditional or Weekend Madrasah Classes are held on weekends only or on days agreed upon by the teachers and students. There is no formal curriculum and may have multi-age groupings. The hiring of teacher require simple qualification like graduates of a Madrasah or an Imam.
- 9. TEACH A COURSE 9 Levels of Madrassah Level 1. Nazira Level 2. Hifz Level 4. Dars-e-Nazami Level 4. Takhassas
- 10. TEACH A COURSE 10 Formal Education Formal Education is intentional, organized and structured form of learning, instructed in educational institutions like School, College or University in order to modify the behavior of an individual.
- 11. TEACH A COURSE 11 Characteristics of Formal Education • Formal education is structured hierarchically. • It is planned and deliberate. • Scheduled fees are paid regularly. • It has a chronological grading system. • It has a syllabus and subject-oriented. The syllabus has to be covered within a specific time period. • The child is taught by the teachers
- 12. TEACH A COURSE 12 Advantages and Disadvantages of Formal Education Advantages Students acquire knowledge from trained and professional teachers. Structured and systematic learning process. Intermediate and final assessments are ensured to advance students to the next learning phase. Institutions are managerially and physically organized. Leads to a formally recognized certificate. • Easy access to jobs. Disadvantages Chance of bad habits’ adoption may be alarming due to the presence of both good and bad students in the classroom. Wastage of time as some lazy students may fail to learn properly. Some unprofessional and non-standard education system may cause the wastage of time and money. • Costly and rigid education as compare to other forms of learning.
- 13. TEACH A COURSE 13 Distance Education (Distance Learning, Open Learning, E-learning, Online Learning Or Web- based Learning.) Education where teachers and students are separated in the place and time. The gap between the two can be bridged through the technology. Particularly those relying on computers, audio or video technology as the medium of delivery and, sometimes, for two- way instruction.
- 14. TEACH A COURSE 14 Characteristics of Distance Education Provides learning opportunities to individual learners and groups who may not have the chance and time to attend formal schooling. Learner – centered. Provides learning packages designed for self- directed learning utilizing various media, multi- media and other new technologies. • All learning materials are in one place • Cost effective
- 15. TEACH A COURSE 15 Technology in Distance Education Distance education programs mix instructional technologies with policy to help the learners interact with the instructional content. Print Technology The print materials were mailed to students and returned to the teachers through the portal system. Computer Technology Primary computer technologies that is used for distance education include e-mail, online collaborations, and Web-based education. • Video Technology The ability to see and hear an instructor offers opportunities for behaviour modeling, demonstrations, instruction of abstract concepts.
- 16. TEACH A COURSE 16 Non- Formal Education Non-formal education refers to schooling that takes place outside the formal education system. It includes programs that do not have certification or curriculum. The non- formal learning is from daily experience.
- 17. TEACH A COURSE 17 Characteristics of Non-Formal Education • Non-formal education has no age limit. • Fees or certificates may or may not be necessary. • Offers flexible courses according to the abilities of the student. • It is not necessary to follow a timetable and syllabus. • Enhances practical and technical skills. • Caters to any age group. • Students can choose from full-time or part-time learning.
- 18. TEACH A COURSE 18 Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages • After school programs • Flexibility and ability to adapt to individual needs • Supports personal development and an individual's profession. • Lifelong learning. Disadvantages • It does not result in a degree or diploma • Teachers are not trained but are experienced • Attendance is inconsistent in the non-formal education.
- 19. TEACH A COURSE 19 Click icon to add picture . 4.2 Provincial system of Education
- 20. TEACH A COURSE 20 Education system of Pakistan Education in Pakistan is overseen by federal Ministry of Education of Pakistan (ministry of federal education and vocational training). Curriculum development. accreditation and financing of research and development.
- 21. TEACH A COURSE 21 Continue... The academic institution are the responsibility of provisional government. Article 25A: The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of age Of five to sixteen years in such manner as mentioned in law.
- 22. TEACH A COURSE 22 Continue... The provincial education system in Pakistan consists of different education boards that oversee education in each province and responsible for conducting exams, issuing certificates and insuring quality education in their respective provinces. Each province has its own curriculum, textbooks, and examination system.
- 23. TEACH A COURSE 23 Provincial education system of Pakistan The curriculum might vary slightly, with different provinces emphasizing certain subjects or topics more than others. Additionally, the examination systems and assessment methods can also differ. These variations allow each province to tailor their education system to the specific needs and priorities of their region.
- 24. TEACH A COURSE 24 Levels of Education in Pakistan Preschool (for the age from 3 to 5 years) Primary (years one to five) Middle (years six to eight) Secondary (years nine and ten, leading to the Secondary School Certificate or SSC) intermediate (years eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School Certificate or HSSC). University programs leading to undergraduate and graduate degrees.
- 25. TEACH A COURSE 25 Factors Effecting the Education System in Pakistan There are many factors affecting the education system in Pakistan: Lack of access to quality education, Corruption Target killing Poverty Lack of interest towards education Inadequate government investment • Lack of educational institutions
- 26. TEACH A COURSE 26 Problems of educational system in Pakistan: Dispersed education: Pakistan facing educational challenges in providing Uniform and Quality education. Rural-urban locations 85% in Islamabad to 23% in the Torghar District. Primary NER (age 5-9) is as low as 40% in Bhawalpur (Punjab). 26% in Tando Mohammad Khan (Sindh) and Harnai (Balochistan) and 30% in Kohistan (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa), against an average of 62% for Pakistan (2018). Gender based disparity, In tribal areas female literacy is 9.5%. The income and wealth of parents medium of instruction in schools, curricula and syllabus
- 27. TEACH A COURSE 27 Continue... Economic Influence The economic condition of a country affects its education system, and Pakistan is no exception. The families with a lower socioeconomic status cannot afford to send their children to educational institutes, often preferring to send them to work instead. Political Influence he political condition in Pakistan has always been a source of national panic, and it also affects the education system.
- 28. TEACH A COURSE 28 . 4.3 Public and private system of education
- 29. TEACH A COURSE 29 Private And Public schools
- 30. TEACH A COURSE 30 Private And Public schools
- 31. TEACH A COURSE 31 Private And Public schools
- 32. TEACH A COURSE 32 Private And Public schools
- 33. TEACH A COURSE 33 Private And Public schools
- 34. TEACH A COURSE 34 Continue....
- 35. TEACH A COURSE 35 Continue....
- 36. TEACH A COURSE 36 Continue....
- 37. TEACH A COURSE 37 Continue....
- 38. TEACH A COURSE 38 Continue....
- 39. TEACH A COURSE 39 Continue....
- 40. TEACH A COURSE 40 Continue....
- 41. TEACH A COURSE 41