Css

COMPUTER SCIENCE
TOPIC : CSS
BY: PRIYANKA PRADHAN
MJPRU
Priyanka Pradhan

What is CSS?
 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
 CSS describes how HTML elements are to be
displayed on screen, paper, or in other media
 CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout
of multiple web pages all at once
 External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
Priyanka Pradhan

Why Use CSS?
 CSS is used to define styles for your web
pages, including the design, layout and
variations in display for different devices and
screen sizes.
Priyanka Pradhan

CSS Syntax
 A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:
 The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.
 The declaration block contains one or more declarations
separated by semicolons.
 Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value,
separated by a colon.
 A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and
declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.
 In the following example all <p> elements will be center-aligned,
with a red text color:
Priyanka Pradhan

 Example
 p {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
 When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format
the HTML document according to the information
in the style sheet.
Priyanka Pradhan

 body {
background-color: black;
}
h1 {
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
p {
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 20px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: white;
text-align: center;
}
p {
font-family: verdana;
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First CSS Example</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Priyanka Pradhan

My First CSS Example
This is a paragraph.
Priyanka Pradhan

Three Ways to Insert CSS
There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:
 External style sheet
 Internal style sheet
 Inline style
Priyanka Pradhan

External Style Sheet
 Each page must include a reference to the
external style sheet file inside the <link>
element.
 The <link> element goes inside the <head>
section.
Priyanka Pradhan

 Example
 <head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="my
style.css">
</head>
Priyanka Pradhan

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
</body>
</html>
Priyanka Pradhan

 Here is how the "mystyle.css" looks:
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
h1 {
color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Internal Style Sheet
 An internal style sheet may be used if one
single page has a unique style.
 Internal styles are defined within the <style>
element, inside the <head> section of an
HTML page.
Priyanka Pradhan

 Example
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: linen;
}
h1 {
color: maroon;
margin-left: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
Priyanka Pradhan

This is a heading
This is a paragraph
Priyanka Pradhan

Inline Styles
 An inline style may be used to apply a unique
style for a single element.
 To use inline styles, add the style attribute to
the relevant element. The style attribute can
contain any CSS property.
Priyanka Pradhan

 <h1 style="color:blue;margin-left:30px;">This
is a heading</h1>
Priyanka Pradhan

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1 style="color:blue;margin-left:30px;">This is a heading</h1>
</body>
</html>
Priyanka Pradhan

Multiple Style Sheets
 If some properties have been defined for the
same selector (element) in different style
sheets, the value from the last read style
sheet will be used.
Priyanka Pradhan

 Assume that an external style sheet has the
following style for the <h1> element:
 h1 {
color: navy;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

 then, assume that an internal style sheet also
has the following style for the <h1> element:
 h1 {
color: orange;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

 If the internal style is defined after the link to
the external style sheet, the <h1> elements
will be "orange"
Priyanka Pradhan

 Example
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: orange;
}
</style>
</head>
Priyanka Pradhan

 However, if the internal style is defined before
the link to the external style sheet, the <h1>
elements will be "navy“.
Priyanka Pradhan

 Example
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: orange;
}
</style>
</head>
Priyanka Pradhan

CSS Colors
 Colors are specified using predefined color
names, or RGB, HEX, HSL, RGBA, HSLA
values.
Priyanka Pradhan

Background Color
 You can set the background color for HTML
elements:
 <h1 style="background-
color:DodgerBlue;">Hello World</h1>
<p style="background-
color:Tomato;">Para1</p>
Priyanka Pradhan

Text Color
 You can set the color of text:
<h1 style="color:Tomato;">Hello</h1>
<p style="color:DodgerBlue;"> World </p>
<p style="color:MediumSeaGreen;">Para1</p>
Priyanka Pradhan

Border Color
 You can set the color of borders:
 <h1 style="border:2px solid Tomato;">Hello
World</h1>
<h1 style="border:2px solid Violet;">Hello
World</h1>
Priyanka Pradhan

CSS Margins
 The CSS margin properties are used to create
space around elements, outside of any
defined borders.
Priyanka Pradhan

CSS has properties for specifying the margin for
each side of an element:
 margin-top
 margin-right
 margin-bottom
 margin-left
Priyanka Pradhan

 Example
p {
margin-top: 100px;
margin-bottom: 100px;
margin-right: 150px;
margin-left: 80px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

 If the margin property has four values:
 margin: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
 top margin is 25px
 right margin is 50px
 bottom margin is 75px
 left margin is 100px
Priyanka Pradhan

Margin - Shorthand Property
 p {
margin: 25px 50px 75px 100px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Styling Links
 Links can be styled with any CSS property
(e.g. color, font-family, background, etc.).
Example
a {
color: hotpink;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

In addition, links can be styled differently depending
on what state they are in.
The four links states are:
 a:link - a normal, unvisited link
 a:visited - a link the user has visited
 a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it
 a:active - a link the moment it is clicked
Priyanka Pradhan

/* unvisited link */
a:link {
color: red;
}
/* visited link */
a:visited {
color: green;
}
/* mouse over link */
a:hover {
color: hotpink;
}
/* selected link */
a:active {
color: blue;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

When setting the style for several link states,
there are some order rules:
 a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited
 a:active MUST come after a:hover
Priyanka Pradhan

Text Decoration The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from
links:
a:link {
text-decoration: none;
}
a:visited {
text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
text-decoration: underline;
}
a:active {
text-decoration: underline;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

CSS Text
The color property is used to set the color of the
text. The color is specified by:
 a color name - like "red"
 a HEX value - like "#ff0000"
 an RGB value - like "rgb(255,0,0)"
Priyanka Pradhan

 The default text color for a page is defined in the
body selector.
Example
body {
color: blue;
}
h1 {
color: green;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Text Alignment
 h1 {
text-align: center;
}
h2 {
text-align: left;
}
h3 {
text-align: right;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
div {
text-align: justify;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Text Transformation
 The text-transform property is used to specify
uppercase and lowercase letters in a text.
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
p.uppercase {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
p.lowercase {
text-transform: lowercase;
}
p.capitalize {
text-transform: capitalize;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Text Indentation
 The text-indent property is used to specify the
indentation of the first line of a text.
Priyanka Pradhan

 p {
text-indent: 50px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Letter Spacing
 The letter-spacing property is used to specify
the space between the characters in a text.
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 h1 {
letter-spacing: 3px;
}
h2 {
letter-spacing: -3px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Line Height
 The line-height property is used to specify the
space between lines.
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 p.small {
line-height: 0.8;
}
p.big {
line-height: 1.8;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Text Direction
 The direction property is used to change the
text direction of an element:
Example
 p {
direction: rtl;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Word Spacing
 The word-spacing property is used to specify
the space between the words in a text.
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 h1 {
word-spacing: 10px;
}
h2 {
word-spacing: -5px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Text Shadow
 The text-shadow property adds shadow to
text.
Example
 h1 {
text-shadow: 3px 2px red;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

CSS Fonts
 The CSS font properties define the font family,
boldness, size, and the style of a text.
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 p {
font-family: "Times New Roman", Times,
serif;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 p.normal {
font-style: normal;
}
p.italic {
font-style: italic;
}
p.oblique {
font-style: oblique;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 h1 {
font-size: 40px;
}
h2 {
font-size: 30px;
}
p {
font-size: 14px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

 p.normal {
font-weight: normal;
}
p.thick {
font-weight: bold;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

CSS Lists
 The list-style-type property specifies the type
of list item marker.
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 ul.a {
list-style-type: circle;
}
ul.b {
list-style-type: square;
}
ol.c {
list-style-type: upper-roman;
}
ol.d {
list-style-type: lower-alpha;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

An Image as The List Item
Marker
 The list-style-image property specifies an
image as the list item marker:
Example
 ul {
list-style-image: url('sqpurple.gif');
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Remove Default Settings
 The list-style-type:none property can also be
used to remove the markers/bullets. Note that
the list also has default margin and padding.
 To remove this, add margin:0 and
 padding:0 to <ul> or <ol>:
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 ul {
list-style-type: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Table Borders
 To specify table borders in CSS, use
the border property.
 The example below specifies a black border
for <table>, <th>, and <td> elements:
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 table {
width: 100%;
}
th {
height: 50px;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Horizontal Alignment
 The text-align property sets the horizontal
alignment (like left, right, or center) of the
content in <th> or <td>.
 By default, the content of <th> elements are
center-aligned and the content of <td>
elements are left-aligned.
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 th {
text-align: left;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Vertical Alignment
 The vertical-align property sets the vertical
alignment (like top, bottom, or middle) of the
content in <th> or <td>.
 By default, the vertical alignment of the
content in a table is middle (for both <th> and
<td> elements).
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 td {
height: 50px;
vertical-align: bottom;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Table Padding
 To control the space between the border and
the content in a table, use
the padding property on <td> and <th>
elements.
Priyanka Pradhan

Example
 th, td {
padding: 15px;
text-align: left;
}
Priyanka Pradhan

Css

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Css (20)

More from Priyanka Pradhan (18)

Recently uploaded (20)

Css