Culture of air breathing fishes
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This document discusses several species of fish that are important as food sources, including murrels (Channa marulius, C. punctatus, C. striatus), singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis), magur (Clarias batrachus), and climbing perch (Anabas testudineus). It provides details on their maximum sizes, habitat, breeding seasons and methods, and notes their nutritional and economic value.
Culture of air breathing fishes
- 2. MURRELS(Channa) There are serval species of murrels ,of which Channa marulius, C.punctatus and C.striatus are more important as food fishes .C.marulius grow to maximum length of 1200mm. where as C. striatus and C.punctatus reach 900mm. and 300mm respectively. These are freshwater and swamp dwelling fishes, which are also suitable for culture of confined water. They also thrive well in wells.Murrels breed in ponds almost throughout the year , with peaks period extending from April through June . Fertilized eggs float on the water surface .Parental care is necessary till the larvae attain early fingerlings stage.The fry and fingerlings can be identified by their brilliant orange colour band .By virtue of having accessory respiratory organs, they can live in foul water and can even thrive for month with very little water. In this species adults are highly carnivores and piscivorous.They cannot be cultured along with carps because of their predatory nature.Murrels are highly priced and are in good demand in peninsular and North East India.
- 3. MURRELS FISH
- 4. SINGHI(Heteropneustes fossilis)- This is a common catfish found in freshwater swamps, ponds and tanks throughout the country. It is also suitable for pond culture. The presence of respiratory organ enables it to breath atmospheric oxygen. In the first year it length is 200mm and maximum length of about 450mm.Through this species is not a very highly priced fish like murrels and climbing perch ,it is known for its nutritive and medicinal qualities. The pectoral spines are very sharp and can inflict painful wounds when they are handled with less care.
- 5. SINGHI FISH
- 6. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM: Male and female can be distinguished from each other during breeding season .The abdomen of the female is swollen whereas in male the body is streamlined .
- 7. BREEDING SEASON : It is a seasonal breeder . It breed in confiend water during monsoon months between June and August peak being July .
- 8. BROOD STOCK MAINTENANCE : Adult brood fishes weighing 50-100g can be procured from natural waters and reared in cement cisterns . Stocking density can be about 10-12 fish per cubic meter . Feeding can be done with molluscan meat or formulated feed containing rice bran, fish meal, soyabean meal and ground nut oil cake.
- 9. STRIPPING THE FEMALE : The female is stripped 14-18 hours after hormone injection. The female is wiped with the wet cloth and the readiness of the female is tested by gently pressing the belly .
- 10. MAGUR (Clarias batrachus) -This is another catfish which has several similarities with singhi and is more widely distributed in India, SriLanka, Pakistan, Burma, Thailand and Indonesia. It has also been introduced to united States, where it is commonly known as “walking catfish”. The accessory respiratory organs present in this fish not only help the fish to breathe atmospheric air but may also probably be serving a hydrostatic function. In this fishes the fish are mature after one year old .Through it breeds almost throughout the year .
- 11. MAGUR FISH
- 12. Males are distinguishable from female externally. Genital papilla in male is long and pointed whereas in female it is round or oval button shaped.The vent in the mature female is reddish,round and bulging but in male it is slender and whitish.
- 13. It breeds only once in an year i.e, from June to august, peak period being July.
- 14. In case of Clarias, as milt does not ooze out through stripping, collection of milt is done by grinding the testes in 0.9% saline after sacrificing the mature male. The procedure is as fallows: (a) Sacrifice a male fish by decapitation and remove the testis. (b) The testis is taken into a mortar containing little saline (0.9%) (c) Cut the testis into pieces by a fine scissor and crush it with pestle.
- 15. Stripping the female is done about 14 to 15 hours after the injection of CGPE/Ovaprim at 27°c to 30°c. The females are taken and cleaned by means of a towel. It is held above a clean dry enamel basin. Gently press the belly, passing the fingers from front to backwards. Mature eggs shall fall into the tray in a jet.
- 16. CLIMBING PERCH (Anabas Testudineus) - The climbing perch is widely distributed throughout the South East Asian countries including India. It grow to maximum length about 230mm and is considered to be highly esteemed food of people in this region. It is reported that this fish breeds throughout the year and attain maturity when it is only six months old .
- 17. CLIMBING PERCH