Data Manipulation ppt. for BSIT students

Data Manipulation
April 16, 2024
Instr. John Oliver Lacap

What is a database?
• A structured collection of data that is organized in a way that
allows for efficient storage, retrieval, and management of
information.
• It is a computerized system that enables users to store,
manage, and access data according to specific requirements.
• A database can contain various types of information, including
text, images, videos, and numerical data.

Importance of Database
• Data Organization - Databases provide a structured and
organized way to store, manage and retrieve data. This allows
for efficient access and retrieval of the required data, while
minimizing data redundancy and inconsistency.
• Data Integrity - Databases use various techniques, such as
validation rules, constraints, and referential integrity, to ensure
that the data stored in them is accurate and consistent. This
reduces the risk of data errors and inconsistencies, which can
lead to incorrect decisions and wasted time and resources.

• Scalability - Databases can handle large amounts of data and
can scale to support increasing amounts of data over time. This
is especially important for businesses that need to store and
manage large volumes of data, such as customer information,
sales data, and financial transactions.
• Security - Databases provide various security features, such as
user authentication, access control, and data encryption, to
protect sensitive data from unauthorized access and ensure
data privacy and confidentiality.

• Efficiency - Databases provide optimized mechanisms for data
retrieval and manipulation, which helps improve the efficiency of
data processing and analysis. This can result in faster and more
accurate decision-making and can improve overall business
performance.

Relational Database
• A relational database is a type of database that organizes data
into one or more tables with a predefined structure of columns
and rows
• The relationships between the tables are defined through keys,
such as primary keys and foreign keys, which allow data to be
linked and accessed across multiple tables.

Relational Database
• Relational databases use Structured Query Language (SQL) to
manipulate and retrieve data. SQL allows users to insert,
update, delete, and query data within the database, and
supports a wide range of operations and functions for data
analysis and reporting.

Components of a
Relational Database

Tables
• Structured sets of data that organize
information into rows and columns.
• Each table represents a single entity, such
as a customer or a product, and contains
specific attributes or fields that describe
that entity.

Columns
• Also known as fields, are the vertical
components of a table that contain
specific types of data.
• Each column is associated with a data
type, such as text, number, or date, which
defines the type of data that can be stored
in that column.

Data Types
• INT - Used to store integer values (whole numbers) within a
specified range.
• FLOAT - Used to store floating-point numbers (numbers with a
decimal point).
• CHAR - Used to store fixed-length character strings (strings of
characters with a fixed length).
• VARCHAR - Used to store variable-length character strings
(strings of characters with a varying length).
• DATETIME - Used to store both date and time values.

Data Types
• BIT - Used to store Boolean values (true/false values).
• VARBINARY - Used to store variable-length binary data.
• TEXT - Used to store large amounts of text data.
• DECIMAL - Used to store decimal numbers with a fixed number
of digits before and after the decimal point.
• MONEY - Used to store currency values.

Rows
• Rows - also known as records, are the horizontal components of a table that represent individual instances
of an entity. Each row contains data that corresponds to the attributes or fields defined by the columns.

Primary and Foreign
Keys
Primary Keys - Unique identifiers that are used to uniquely
identify each row in a table. They ensure that each record is
unique and can be referenced and linked to other tables
within the database.
Foreign Keys - attributes in a table that are linked to the
primary key of another table. They are used to establish
relationships between tables, allowing data to be retrieved
and analyzed across multiple tables.

Database Management System
• A software system that allows users to store, organize, and
manage data in a database.
• It provides a way to manage the interactions between the
database and the applications that use it, allowing users to
create, modify, and retrieve data in a controlled and efficient
manner.

• The main components of a DBMS include:
• Data Definition Language (DDL) - used to define the structure of the
database and its components
• Data Manipulation Language (DML) - used to insert, update, and
delete data in the database, and the query language, which is used to
retrieve and analyze data.
• There are various types of DBMS available, including relational,
NoSQL, object-oriented, and hierarchical DBMS. Each type has
its own strengths and weaknesses and is suited for different use
cases and applications.

• There are various types of DBMS available, including relational,
NoSQL, object-oriented, and hierarchical DBMS. Each type has
its own strengths and weaknesses, and is suited for different
use cases and applications.

Structured Query Language (SQL)
• A programming language used to manage and manipulate
relational databases. SQL allows users to interact with
databases to create, modify, and retrieve data, as well as
perform various other tasks related to database management
and administration.

Structured Query Language (SQL)
• SQL syntax is straightforward and intuitive, with commands
such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE used to
perform common database operations. SQL also includes a
range of functions and operators for data analysis and
manipulation, as well as the ability to join tables together to
retrieve data across multiple tables.

CREATE TABLE
Used to create a new table
CREATE TABLE table_name (
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype
);

SELECT
Used to retrieve data from a table or multiple tables
SELECT column1, column2, column3
FROM table_name;

WHERE
Used to filter the data based on a condition
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
WHERE column3 = 'value';

INSERT
Used to insert data into a table.
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3)
VALUES ('value1', 'value2', 'value3');

UPDATE
Used to update data in a table
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = 'new_value1', column2 = 'new_value2'

DELETE
Used to delete data from a table
DELETE FROM table_name

GROUP BY
Used to group the data based on a column
SELECT column1, COUNT(column2)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column1;

ORDER BY
Used to order the data based on a column by ascending or
descending
SELECT column1, column2
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1;

Practice (20 minutes)
• From the SalesLT.Customer, query all customer that has suffix
Jr.
• From the SalesLT.Customer, update the company name record
of Donald Blanton to UST Angelicum College
• From the SalesLT.Customer, delete the record of Ms. Erin
Hagens
• From the SalesLT.Customer, filter the data by the sales person
adventure-worksjillian0

Creating CRUD
Operations in Console
Application
(Create, Retrieve, Update and Delete)

app.config
• A configuration file that is used by .NET applications to store
application-specific settings and parameters.
• It is an XML file that contains key-value pairs, where the keys
are the names of the settings, and the values are the
corresponding values for those settings.

ConfigurationManager
• It is used to read configuration settings from various
configuration files such as app.config or web.config files
in .NET applications.
• Using the ConfigurationManager class, developers can
retrieve configuration settings such as connection strings,
application settings, and custom configuration sections defined
in the configuration file.

System.Data.SqlClient
• A namespace in the .NET Framework that provides a set of
classes for working with Microsoft SQL Server databases.
• The System.Data.SqlClient namespace includes classes such
as SqlConnection, SqlCommand, SqlDataReader, and
SqlDataAdapter.
• The SqlConnection class is used to establish a connection to a
SQL Server database, while the SqlCommand class is used to
execute SQL commands on the database.

“using” statement
• It is used to declare a code block that defines a scope in which
a certain resource, such as a file or a database connection, can
be used.
• The using statement is a convenient way to ensure that the
resource is properly and automatically disposed of when it is no
longer needed, even if an exception is thrown.

SqlConnection.Open
• Opens a database connection with the property settings
specified by the ConnectionString.

Object Relational Mapping (ORM)
• A programming technique that enables developers to work with
relational databases using an object-oriented programming
language, such as Java, C#, or Python.
• ORM tools provide a mapping layer between a database and an
object-oriented program, allowing developers to interact with the
database using objects, rather than writing SQL statements
directly.

Object Relational Mapping (ORM)
• This helps simplify the process of interacting with the database,
and allows developers to focus on the object-oriented design of
their code, rather than the details of database interactions.

Dapper ORM
• Dapper is an open-source, lightweight, and high-performance
object-relational mapping (ORM) framework for .NET
applications.
• It was developed by Stack Overflow, and its primary goal is to
provide a simple, flexible, and fast way to map database
records to objects in your code.
• It focuses on providing a lightweight and fast alternative that
can handle most common database operations without getting
in the way.

Dapper Features
• High performance
• Dapper is built with performance in mind, and it aims to be one of the
fastest ORM frameworks available for .NET.
• Easy-to-use
• Dapper's API is designed to be simple and straightforward, with
minimal overhead and a low learning curve.
• Flexible mapping
• Dapper supports a variety of mapping options, including automatic
mapping based on naming conventions, attribute-based mapping, and
manual mapping via custom code.

Dapper Features
• Raw SQL support
• Dapper allows you to execute raw SQL queries directly, giving you full
control over your database operations.
• Multiple database support
• Dapper works with a wide range of databases, including SQL Server,
Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and more.

Repository Pattern
• A software design pattern that provides an abstraction layer
between the application and the data access layer. It is a
way to separate the code that accesses the database from the
business logic of the application.

Repository Pattern
• The repository pattern involves creating a repository class
that acts as a mediator between the application and the data
source. The repository class provides a clean interface that the
application code can use to retrieve, store, update, and delete
data, without having to know the details of how the data is
stored and accessed.

Data Manipulation ppt. for BSIT students

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