Data mining applied about polygamy using sentiment analysis on Twitters in Indonesian perception

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 10, No. 4, August 2021, pp. 2231~2236
ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i4.2325 2231
Journal homepage: http://beei.org
Data mining applied about polygamy using sentiment analysis
on Twitters in Indonesian perception
Hertina, Muhammad Nurwahid, Haswir, Hendri Sayuti, Amri Darwis, Miftahur Rahman, Rado
Yendra, Muhammad Luthfi Hamzah
Department of Comparison of Mahzab and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Mar 2, 2020
Revised May 20, 2021
Accepted Jun 19, 2021
Polygamy remains one of the interesting key topics in various society,
especially Indonesia. Polygamy is the act of marrying multiple spouses that
means having more one wife at the same time, is common case in worldwide.
In this problem, the most of Muslim in Indonesia adopt Islamic law that let
men to do the polygamy with certain requirements. In worldwide
communities, this has been a prominent feature and has become the subject of
numerous books, heated debates, journal articles, discussion papers, and so
on. Furthermore, in Indonesia the polygamous marriage has recently become a
heated topic. Despite controversy, Indonesia’s law, of recent, allows people
for doing polygamy in certain conditions. Because the polygamy is often
debated, this study focuses on assessment of Indonesian’s perceptions through
sentiment analysis and would determine people’s perception about polygamy
issue from 500 tweets on Twitter. To conclude, it elucidates that the polygamy
in Indonesia is a normal thing and few assume the case is as negative thing.
Keywords:
Data mining
Polygamy
Sentiment analysis
Twitter
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Hertina
Department of Comparison of Mahzab and Law
Faculty of Sharia and Law Studies
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Indonesia
Email: hertina@uin-suska.ac.id
1. INTRODUCTION
Polygamy or polygyny is a marital relationship involving multiple wives [1]. Polygamy has become
the subject of heated debates in media social such as Twitter and Facebook. The majority of societies refuse
with negative comment, but only a few people are willing to respond this phenomenon positively. They who
agree with polygamy may think that the polygamy is a legal thing in Indonesia [2]. Even, proponents claim
that this thing is able to quell men’s innately high sex, and also is alternative in order that men having a wife
do not do the sex outside of marriage which is forbidden for Muslim [3]. Indeed, the percentage of men
having multiple wives is overall minuscule in around the world, but people permit polygamy is about eighty-
three percent [4]. The holy Qur’an which is as a life guideline owned by Muslims of course allows men to
marry multiple women with some conditions and also the men must be fair to their wives [5]. The polygamy
that has happened is tough to be verified due to many unregistered marriages throughout Indonesia [6]. In the
1970 s, the rate of polygamous marriage in Indonesia was about 2% [7]. If there were no growth until right
now, we would probably estimate about 4,800,000 polygamy. Furthermore, some researchers have showed
about negative impact of the polygamy. It can be seen in Africa that the majority of people against polygamy
because of economy challenge and less communication between children and new mothers [8]. The
polygamous marriages would affect to each family member since the children of polygamous families might
unrespect to their parents and also it is tough for husbands to be impartial, either his children or wives [9].

 ISSN: 2302-9285
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 10, No. 4, August 2021 : 2231 – 2236
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A study, women’s mental health, has said that many polygamous families are stressful [10] and able
to cause psychological troubles [11]. Despite of that, both men and women keep on involvement in
polygamous marriages. Indonesia as the largest Muslim population in the world has regulated the 1974
marriage law about polygamy. Some parties, especially the secular women organization oppose the policy of
polygamous marriages. Nevertheless, according to the marriage law, there is still the court which is used to
minimize the risk of divorcement and polygamy [12]. The public perspective view extracted from Twitter
database will be utilized in this study to determine what this case is positive, negative or neutral opinion in
society. This analysis uses “Analysis Sentiment” that utilizes data analysis to extract data used by people in
many social medias mainly Twitter [13]. Twitter is platform where many people around in the world express
their thoughts, opinions about something and even their daily activities in the form of sentence or phrase. In
the world, there are more 300 million users with 500 million tweets typed every day [14]. However,
analyzing unstructured data like tweets is a tough business and also extracting beneficial information from
twitter is an enormous challenge for scientists [15]. Therefore, a great technology is needed to treat a million
of tweets, to extract the data and to know people’s sentiments about polygamy. Even though there are various
applications that can be used, researchers chose R language or application to perform this case [16].
Sentimental analysis is a method to describe whether a text written by user is in positive, negative or neutral.
It means that basically this method is used to study emotion that is related to word and writing [17].
Sentiment analysis can be implemented using machine learning methods. Data in the form of text, for
example, tweets that are entered or inputted will be separated first. This process is also known as
tokenization. Tokenization is done to simplify the analysis process of a text sentence. After that, the
sentiment of the input can be determined by classifying the previously separated words with the lexicon
sentiment, thereby bringing out the polarity and subjectivity of the existing tweet [18].
2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. Connecting R programing to Twitter
R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics
supported by the R foundation for statistical computing. The R language is widely used among statisticians
and data miners for developing statistical software and data analysis [19]. It is able to download, plot, analyze
the data taken on Twitter, while relation between R, and Twitter applies protocol, open authorization (Oauth)
[20]. OAuth is an open-standard authorization protocol or framework that describes how unrelated servers
and services can safely allow authenticated access to their assets without actually sharing the initial, related,
single logon credential. In authentication parlance, this is known as secure, third-party, user-agent, delegated
authorization. OAuth scenario could be a user sending cloud-stored files to another user via email, when the
cloud storage and email systems are otherwise unrelated other than supporting the OAuth framework (e.g.,
Google Gmail and Microsoft OneDrive) [21]. One of the more useful downloadable packages is twitter
(http://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/twitteR/index.html).
2.2. Collection Twitter data
Firstly, the data on Twitter is collected and processed by R’s tool namely statement analysis. Twitter
account once registered and logged in, needs registering the application name on Twitter application
programming interface (API) to create an application which provide the four legal credentials (API_key,
API_secret, access_token, access_token_secret), [22], [23]. Then, these keys and tokens are used to extract
the data of Twitter to R [24]. There are some steps in registered application on Twitter API as showed in.
After that, run the following code (API_key, API_secret, access_token, access_token_secret) in R program to
set authorization used to extract Twitter data [25]. In general, there are 6 steps in collecting and managing
data in Twitter including:
a. Log on to Twitter Developers site and Sign in with your Twitter account
b. Go to apps.twitter.com
c. Generate a new application
d. Enter the details of your application
e. Create your access token
f. Make a note of OAuth settings
Figure 1 shows a pictorial view of the steps involved to registered in application on Twitter API.

Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285 
Data mining applied about polygamy using sentiment analysis on Twitters in Indonesian … (Hertina)
2233
Figure 1. Pictorial view to register in application on Twitter API
2.3. Sentiment analysis
This paper, therefore, will analyze people’ opinions about polygamy using sentiment analysis. The
sentiment analysis is the automated process to identify positive, negative and neutral opinions from text [26].
Sentiment analysis is widely used for getting insights from social media comments, survey responses, and
product reviews, and making data-driven decisions [27], [28]. This is the most unique function implemented
in the paper since it describes the on-going thoughts of variety of people. The step of sentiment analysis’s
processes is pointed out as shown in:
- Extract tweets using OAuth protocol are to collect the data from the tweets on any topic using polygamy
words.
- Cleaning of text using R Language is cleaned by removing unwanted expressions and words.
- Data modeling and transformation are a step after retrieving and cleaning the data transformed and
prepared in a structured format to retrieve sentiments.
- Retrieving sentiments are analysis of sentiments performed.
- Graphical representation is the last step, where the sentiments are plotted and visualized by graphs and
word cloud.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Some tweets focusing on polygamy issues in Indonesia language detailly as shown in. On Twitter
there are many unwanted information in order that it needs to be cleaned that and to be regulated for useful
informations only. Furthermore, the tweets on Table 1 extracted and cleaned using program R are provided as
shown in:
[1384] "Berarti bapaknya poligami"
[1385] "Menggalakkan poligami secara amannnhehehehehehehe"
[1386] "Fyi Nabi Muhammad saw ga pernah poligami Beliau setia sampai akhir hayat ke istri pertamanya"
[1387] "Sing a songnDapatkah aku memeluknya menjadikan bintang di surgahhnnAh ga jadi deh surga
isinya boomber ama orang poligami"
[1388] "Mau di poligami"
Table 1. some tweets about polygamy including date, time and account
No. Tweets Date Time Account
1384 Berarti bapaknya poligami 8/28/2019 2:57:43 mbauppie_
1385 Menggalakkan poligami secara amannnhehehehehehehe 8/28/2019 2:50:25 Sazwan_Bensahar
1386
Fyi Nabi Muhammad saw ga pernah poligami Beliau setia
sampai akhir hayat ke istri pertamanya
8/28/2019 2:47:43 amatarpihgoy
1387
Sing a songnDapatkah aku memeluknya menjadikan
bintang di surgahhnnAh ga jadi deh surga isinya boomber
ama orang poligami
8/28/2019 2:40:49 DianVeei
1388 Mau di poligami 8/28/2019 2:36:06 wooshinx1_
A tag cloud (word cloud) is a novelty visual representation of tweets and used to visualize the
essential information from the tweets. On the Figure 2 the most frequently-used words are polygamy, islam,
nikah, halalkan, jilbab, dihujat, and dilarang. Every color and size of words describes the frequency of words
immediately responded by people.
Figure 3 gives the visualization of words used in the tweets. It can be seen that the words such as
poligami has the highest frequency followed by word suami and Istri. The major aim of this paper is to
analyze the sentiments of people about polygamy and also the sentiment analysis has given us the clear

 ISSN: 2302-9285
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illustration of public’s positive, negative or neutral sentiments. Furthermore, we can see that as of the Table 2
and Figure 4, neutral sentiment or perception is more dominant than positive or negative perception. It means
that the polygamy, of recent, becomes ordinary thing in Indonesia’s society.
Figure 2. Word cloud for most frequently-used words
Figure 3. Word frequency count histogram
Table 2. The number of positive, negative, and neutral sentiment form 1500 tweets
Sentiment analysis scores Number of tweets
-2 1
-1 63
0 1429
1 7

Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285 
Data mining applied about polygamy using sentiment analysis on Twitters in Indonesian … (Hertina)
2235
Figure 4. Sentiment analysis with positive, negative, and neutral sentiment
4. CONCLUSION
Polygamy is not a common thing in Indonesia’s cultures and even many people support that case,
despite some people also refuse that. Moreover, this paper has studied and analyzed sentiments in public
about polygamy and it uses three sentiment scores i.e. positive, negative, and neutral. In conclusion, this
analysis has shown that present polygamy is a normal thing in Indonesia. As has been said in above, the
sentiment analysis score of neutral is more dominant than the sentiment analysis score of positive or
negative.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank you in advance to rado research centre (RRC) and State Islamic University of
Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau for supporting this study.
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