Data processing and analysis final

MMS-A
NAMITA AMALE -01
SACHIN CHAUDHARY-05
PRANOTI VARTAK-38
PRIYA KUMAR-28
RUPAM THAKKAR-36
ARYA KULANGARATHODI -15
SIDDHESH SONAWANE-32
SUSHIL TAMBITKAR-35
Data Processing & Analysis

Contents
 Data & Types
 Information
 Data Anaysis
 Data Processing
 Steps in Data Processing
 Types Of Data Processing
 Data Processing Cycle

Data
Data
 The word data is derived from Latin language. It is plural of
Datum. Data is any collection of facts of figures. The data is
the raw material to be processed by a computer.
Example
 Names of students, marks obtained in the examination,
designation of employees, addresses, quantity, rate, sales
figures or anything that is input to the computer is data.
Even pictures, photographs, drawings, charts and maps can
be treated as data. Computer processes the data and
produces the output or result

Types of Data
Numeric Data Character Data
String Data
Graphical Data

Data & Data Set
The information that you collect from an experiment, survey is
referred to as your data. A data set is a representation of data,
defining a set of variables" that are measured on a set of cases."
Variable
A variable is any characteristic of an object that can be represented as
a number. The values that the variable takes will vary when
measurements are made on different objects or at different times.
Case
Recorded information about an object we observe a case.

Information
A collection of data which conveys some meaningful idea is
information. It may provide answers to questions like who, which, when,
why, what, and how.
or
Observations and recordings are done to obtain data, while analysis is
done to obtain information

Data Analysis
 Steps in Data Analysis
Data Collection & Preparation
 Exploration of Data
Data Analysis Method (s)/ Techniques

Data Preparation
Collect data
Preparation of code books
Set up structure of data
Enter data
Screen data for errors

Exploration Of Data
 Graphs
Descriptive stats

Data Analysis Techniques
 Comparing means- Statistical testing
 Correlations
 Text Analytics

Data Processing
 The processing of converting data into useful
information.
 Data processing system
 - the activities, equipment & personnel
invovled.
Data Process Information

Data Processing
Data processing:
Any operation or set of operations performed upon
data, whether or not by automatic means, such as
collection, recording, organization, storage,
adaptation or alteration to convert it into useful
information.

Data VS Information
 Information
 Data
120557
Date
12/05/57
Time
12:05:57 Money
120,557

Examples of Data Processing
 Organizing examination records
 The subject teacher collects the marked examination papers
 The subject scores are entered on score sheet
 The score sheet are given to the class teacher
 The class teacher calculate the total & the average score of
each student
 A report card for each student is produced ,master report
sheet for the class is kept for future reference.

Steps of data processing
There are 5 steps included in Data processing:
 Editing
 Coding
 Classification
 Data Entry
 Validation
 Tabulation

Editing
 Editing of data is a process of examining the
collected raw data to detect errors and omissions
and to correct these when possible.
 With regards to stages:
1. Field Editing
2. Central Editing

Coding
 Coding refers to process of assigning numerals or
other symbols to answers so that responses can be
put into a limited number of categories or classes.

Classification
 Data having a common characteristics are placed in
one class and in this way the entire data get divided
into a number of groups or classes.
 Types:
1. Classification according to attributes
2. Classification according to class intervals

Data Entry
 After the data has been properly arranged and
coded, it is entered into the software that performs
the eventual cross tabulation.
 Data entry professionals do the task efficiently.

Validation
 After the cleaning phase, comes the validation
process.
 It refers to the process of thoroughly checking the
collected data to ensure optimal quality levels.
 All the accumulated data is double checked in order
to ensure that it contains no inconsistencies and is
relevant.

Tabulation
 Tabulation is the process of summarising raw data
and displaying the same in compact form for further
analysis.
 Benefits:
1. It conserves soace and reduces explanatory statement to a
minimum
2. It facilitates the process of comparison
3. It facilitates the summation of items and detection of errors
4. It provides a basis for various statistical computations

Types Of Data Processing
Manual data Processing
EDP
Real time Processing
Batch Processing

Once data is collected, it is processed to convert it into
useful information. The data is processed again and
again until the accurate result is achieved. This is called
data processing cycle.
The data processing is very important activity and
involves very careful planning. Usually, data processing
activity involves three basic activities.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Output
Data Processing Cycle

Input Processing Output
Verification Classification Retrieval
Communication
Conversion
Storing
Calculation
Storing
Coding
Summarizing
Data Processing Cycle

Data processing and analysis final

Data processing and analysis final

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