Database design
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The document describes the database design for a hospital management system. It includes 4 tables - Patient, Doctor, Lab, and Inpatient/Outpatient. It lists the fields, data types, and relationships for each table. It also provides descriptions of common data types like integer, varchar, and date/time. An entity-relationship diagram is included to depict the relationships between entities like patients, doctors, labs, rooms, and bills.
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Submission Requirements
Create a MS Word document that includes your responses to all questions. Also, submit
your working MS Access Database for questions 7-8.
1. (3 points) Identify appropriate attributes for the following entities in the personal
healthcare context. Show your attributes for the three entities using the format in
Figure 7.4 of UML for DB Design. (Note: You can also create the entities in Visio using
the UML Database Notation template and paste into your submission document.)
The purpose of the data model is to capture all of the data needed for a person to
measure and track their health over time.
Patient is an entity that contains attributes that describe the person that is a
patient, e.g, contact information. It will include one instance for every person
that is using the database to keep track of their health related data.
HealthMeasure is an entity that provides the list of health measures that are
available from the system. It will include one instance for each thing a patient
can measure on their own, e.g., weight, heart rate, blood pressure.
PatientMeasurements is an entity that keeps track of every time a
HealthMeasure is recorded for a patient. It will include many instances for each
patient, e.g., one instance for each weight measurements recorded during a
year, i.e., 52 instances if a person weighed weekly for one year. It will also
include many instances for each instance of the HealthMeasure table, e.g., one
instance for every time b.
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A database is a means of storing information in such a way that information c...
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7.1. DATA TABLES 217
Table 7.1: Simio Standard Properties for representing table data columns.
Property Type
Boolean
Color
Date Time
Day Pattern
Enumeration
Event
Expression
Integer
List
Rate Table
Real
Schedule
Selection Rule
Sequence Table
State
String
Table
Description
True (1 or non-zero) or False (0)
A property for graphically setting color
A specific day and time (7:30:00 November 18, 2010)
A reference to a Day Pattern for a schedule
A set of values described in a prc~defined enumeration
Event that triggers a token release from a step
An expression evaluated to a real number (1.5+MyState)
An integer number (5, or -1)
A set of values described in a string list
A reference to a rate table
A decimal number (2.7, or -1.5)
A reference to a sched ule
A reference to a selection rule
A reference to a sequence table
A reference to a state
Textual information (Red, l3Iue)
A reference to a data table or sequence table
valuable in organizing, representing, and using your data as well as interfacing
with external data.
7.1.1 Basics of Tables
A data table is defined using the Tables panel in the Data window. To add
a new table you click on Add Data Table in the Tables section of the Table
ribbon. Once you've added a table you can rename it and give it a description
by clicking on the tab for the table and then setting the table properties in the
Property window.
Tip: If you add multiple tables, each one has its own tab. Recall our
discussion in Section 4.1 about configuring window placement. That can be
particularly handy when working with data tables.
To add columns to a table you select a table to make it active and then click
on property types under Standard Property, Element Reference, Object
Reference, or Foreign Key. A table column is typically represented by the
Standard Properties illustrated in Table 7.1. Use an Object Reference when
you want a table to reference an object instance or list of objects such as an
Enti ty, Node, Transporter, or other model object. Likewise use an Element
Reference if you want a table to reference a specific element like aTallyStatistic
or Material.
7.1.2 Model 7-1: An ED Using a Data Table
Let's illustrate these table concepts by representing the data for a simple health-
care example. Consider an emergency departrrwnt (ED) that has some known
data concerning how patients of various severities are handled. Specifically, we
218 CHAPTER. 7. WOR.KING WITH MODEL DATA
Table 7.2: Model 7-1 ED Basic patient data.
Patient Type
Routine
Moderate
Severe
Urgent
Priority
1
2
:~
4
Treatment Time (Minutes)
Random. Triangular(:3,5, 10)
Random.Triangular( 4,8,25)
nandom. Triangular( 10,15,30)
Random. Triangular( 15,25,40)
have four patient types, their priority value, and their typical treatment time
as given in Table 7.2. The first steps in building our model involve defining the
model entities aud the data table:
1. Load Simio and start a new mod.
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Database Management SystemCase StudyOllieShoresna Database
Management
System
Case
Study
Case Study 1
Hospital Management System
Aim: JHC hospital is a multi specialty hospital that includes a number of departments, rooms, doctors,
nurses , compounders , and other staff working in the hospital . Patients having different kinds
of
ailments come to the hospital and get checkup done from the concerned doctors. If required
they
are
admitted in the hospital and discharged after treatment.
The aim of this case study is to design and develop a database for the hospital to maintain the records
of
various departments , rooms , and doctors in the hospital . It also maintains records of the
regular
patients, patients admitted in the hospital, the check up of patients done by the doctors,
the
patients
that have been operated, and patients discharged from the hospital.
Description: In hospital, there are many departments like Orthopedic, Pathology, Emergency, Dental,
Gynecology , Anesthetics , I.C.U., Blood Bank , Operation Theater , Laboratory , M.R.I., Neurology ,
Cardiology, Cancer Department, Corpse, etc. There is an OPD where patients come and
get
a
card
(that
is
, entry card of the patient) for check up from the concerned doctor. After making
entry
in
the
card,
they
go to the concerned doctor’s room and the doctor checks up their
ailments.
According
to
the
ailments,
the doctor either prescribes medicine or admits the patient
in
the
concerned
department.
The
patient
may choose either private or general room according
to
his/her
need.
But
before
getting
admission
in
the hospital, the patient has to fulfill certain
formalities
of
the
hospital
like
room
charges,
etc.
After
the
treatment is completed , the doctor
discharges
the
patient.
Before
discharging
from
the
hospital,
the
patient again has to complete
certain
formalities
of
the
hospital
like
balance
charges ,
test
charges ,
operation charges
(if
any),
blood
charges,
doctors’
charges,
etc.
Next
we
talk
about
the
doctors
of
the
hospital.
There
are
two
types
of
the
doctors
in
the
hospital,
namely,
regular
doctors
and
call
on
doctors.
Regular
doctors
are
those
doctors
who
come
to
the
hospital
daily.
Calls
on
doctors
are
those
doctors
who
are
called
by
the
hospital
if
the
concerned
doctor
is
not
available.
Table
Description:
Following
are
the
tables
along
with
constraints
used
in
Hospital
Management
database.
Johnson's Hospital ...
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Database design
- 1. Hospital Management System DATABASE DESIGN 1. Description A database is a collection of information and is systematically stored in tables in the form of rows and columns. The table in the database has unique name that identifies its contents. The database in turn is further described in detail giving all the fields used with the data types, constraints available, primary key and foreign key. Database design is used to manage large bodies of information. In this database we describe all the 4 tables available in the software, which are used to store all the records. 2. Data types and its description: Fields in database table have a data type. Some of the data types used in database table are explained below. a) Integer:- One optional sign character (+ or -) followed by atleast one digit (0-9). Leading and trailing blanks are ignored. No other character is allowed. b) Varchar:- It is used to store alpha numeric characters. In this data type we can set the maximum number of characters upto 8000 ranges by default SQL server will set the size to 50 characters large. 19
- 2. Hospital Management System c) Date/Time:- Date/Time data type is used for representing data or time. Patient Table: Fields Data Type Relationships Pid Varchar(5) Primary Key Name Varchar(20) Not Null Age int Not Null weight int Not Null gender Varchar(10) Not null address Varchar(50) Not Null phoneno int Not Null disease Varchar(20) Not Null doctorid Varchar(5) Not Null Doctor Table: Fields Data Type Relationships doctorid Varchar(5) Primary Key doctorname Varchar(15) Not Null dept Varchar(15) Not Null 20
- 3. Hospital Management System Lab Table: Fields Data Type Relationships labno Varchar(5) Primary Key Pid Varchar(5) Not Null weight int Not Null doctorid Varchar(5) Foreign Key date Date/Time Not Null category Varchar(15) Not Null patient_type Varchar(15) Not Null amount int Not Null Inpatient Table: Fields Data Type Relationships Pid Varchar(5) Primary Key room_no Varchar(50) Not Null date_of_adm Date/Time Not Null date_of_dis Date/Time Not Null advance int Not Null labno Varchar(5) Foreign Key Outpatient Table: Fields Data Type Relationships Pid Varchar(5) Primary Key date Date/Time Not Null labno Varchar(5) Foreign Key 21
- 4. Hospital Management System Room Table: Fields Data Type Relationships room_no Varchar(50) Primary Key room_type Varchar(10) Not Null status Varchar(10) Not Null Bill Table: Fields Data Type Relationships bill_no Varchar(50) Primary Key Pid Varchar(5) Foreign Key patient_type Varchar(10) Allow Null doctor_charge int Not Null medicine_charge int Not Null room_charge int Not Null oprtn_charge int Allow Null no_of_days int Allow Null nursing_charge int Allow Null advance int Allow Null health_card Varchar(50) Allow Null lab_charge int Allow Null Bill int Not Null E-R Diagram Entity relationship diagram is used in modern database software engineering to illustrate logical structure of database. It is a relational schema database modeling method used to model a system and approach. This approach commonly used in database design. The diagram created using this method is called E-R diagram. 22
- 5. Hospital Management System The E-R diagram depicts the various relationships among entities considering each object as entity. Entity is represented as diamond shape and relationship is represented as rectangle. It depicts the relationship between data objects. The E-R diagram is the relation that is used to conduct the data modeling activity. Entity:- Entity is the thing which we want to store information. It is an elementary basic building block of storing information about business process. An entity represents an objects defined within the information system about which you want to store information. Relationship:- A relationship is named connection or association between entities used to relate two or more entities with some common attributes of meaningful interaction between the object. Attributes:- Attributes are the properties of the entities and relationship. Descriptor of the entity. Attributes are elementary pieces of information attached to an entity. 23 Hospital Management System
- 6. Symbols Meaning Entity Relationship Attribute Key Attribute Cardinality Ratio N: 1 for E1: E2 in R 24 Hospital Management System E1 R E2
- 7. E-R Diagram 25 patient pid name weight doctori d gende r age addres s phone no Consult s doctor Doctorid Doctor name dept Check s lab Report lab no Pid weight doctorid date category Decid es inpatient outpatient lab no room no pid advanc e date of admissio n date of discharge pid lab no date Admitted to to room status room no room type issued_ to bill bill no pid lab charge patient type bill doctor chargeadvanc e health card medicine charge room charge operation no of nursing charge disease amount