Database development life cycle unit 2 part 1

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The database development life cycle (DDLC) is a six-phase process for designing, implementing, and maintaining a database system to meet an organization's information needs. The six phases are: 1) initial study, 2) design, 3) implementation and loading, 4) testing and evaluation, 5) operation, and 6) maintenance and evolution. In the initial study phase, the current system is examined to analyze problems, define objectives and scope. The design phase focuses on creating the database model. In implementation, the design is executed by installing the DBMS, creating databases, and loading data. Testing and evaluation ensures the database performs as expected. During operation, the completed system is used. Maintenance involves routine activities like backups

Engineering

Unit -2
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE - PART 1
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 1

Database development Life Cycle
A database system is a fundamental component of the larger
enterprise information system. The database development life cycle
(DDLC) is a process of designing, implementing and maintaining a
database system to meet strategic or operational information needs
of an organisation or enterprise.
The Database Life Cycle (DBLC) contains six phases:
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 2

Database Development Life Cycle
1. Database initial study
2. Database design
3. Implementation and loading
4. Testing and evaluation
5. Operation
6. Maintenance and evolution.
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 3

Database
Development
Life Cycle
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 4

Database Development Life Cycle
1. The Database Initial Study:
In the Database initial study, the designer must examine the current
system’s operation within the company and determine how and why
the current system fails. The overall purpose of the database initial
study is to:
◦ Analyze the company situation.
◦ Define problems and constraints.
◦ Define objectives.
◦ Define scope and boundaries.
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 5

Database Development Life Cycle
2. Database Design:
The second phase focuses on the design of the database model that
will support company operations and objectives. This is arguably the
most critical DBLC phase: making sure that the final product meets
user and system requirements. As you examine the procedures
required to complete the design phase in the DBLC, remember these
points:
◦ The process of database design is loosely related to the analysis and design of
a larger system. The data component is only one element of a larger
information system.
◦ The systems analysts or systems programmers are in charge of designing the
other system components. Their activities create the procedures that will help
transform the data within the database into useful information.
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 6

Database Development Life Cycle
3. Implementation and Loading:
The output of the database design phase is a series of instructions
detailing the creation of tables, attributes, domains, views, indexes,
security constraints, and storage and performance guidelines. In this
phase, you actually implement all these design specifications.
◦ Install the DBMS:
◦ Create the Database(s)
◦ Load or Convert the Data
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 7

Database Development Life Cycle
Testing and Evaluation:
In the design phase, decisions were made to ensure integrity, security, performance, and
recoverability of the database. During implementation and loading, these plans were put into
place. In testing and evaluation, the DBA tests and fine-tunes the database to ensure that it
performs as expected. This phase occurs in conjunction with applications programming.
◦ Test the Database
◦ Fine-Tune the Database
◦ Evaluate the Database and Its Application Programs
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 8

Database Development Life Cycle
5. Operation
Once the database has passed the evaluation stage, it is
considered to be operational. At that point, the database,
its management, its users, and its application programs
constitute a complete information system. The beginning of
the operational phase invariably starts the process of
system evolution.
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 9

Database Development Life Cycle
6. Maintenance and Evolution
The database administrator must be prepared to perform routine
maintenance activities within the database. Some of the required
periodic maintenance activities include:
◦ Preventive maintenance (backup).
◦ Corrective maintenance (recovery).
◦ Adaptive maintenance (enhancing performance, adding entities and
attributes, and so on).
◦ Assignment of access permissions and their maintenance for new and old
users.
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 10

References
1. https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/database-systems-
concepts/9788177585674/9788177585674_ch08lev1sec3.html
2. http://www.myreadingroom.co.in/notes-and-studymaterial/65-dbms/506-database-
development-life-cycle.html
8/14/2019 DATABASE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE -UNIT 2 PART 1- BY RAM K PALIWAL 11

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The document discusses software requirement specification (SRS), which defines the necessary functional and non-functional requirements for a software system from the user's perspective. An SRS is developed through an agreement between the customer and contractors. It should have characteristics like correctness, completeness, consistency, unambiguity, modifiability, verifiability and testability. The SRS is used to guide software development and testing.

Sdlc process models in software engineering basics by ram k paliwalRam Paliwal

Database models unit 1 part 2Ram Paliwal

The document outlines the evolution of database models from the 1960s to the present, highlighting the transition from file-based systems to relational databases. It discusses the principles of relational databases, including their advantages such as structural independence and ad-hoc querying through SQL, as well as their disadvantages like system complexity and potential for poor design. The document also introduces the Entity-Relationship (E-R) model, emphasizing its role in visualizing data relationships and aiding in database design.

Database overview unit 4 part 1Ram Paliwal

The document provides an overview of databases, including their definition, purpose, and the importance of design and management systems. It discusses various data models, the functions of database management systems (DBMS), and the planning, analysis, and maintenance stages necessary for effective database utilization. Additionally, it emphasizes a user-centered perspective, outlining the significance of understanding user needs and the creation of clear business rules within an organization.

Operating system basics function of os unit 1 by ram k paliwal part 1Ram Paliwal

The document discusses the basics of operating systems and computer systems. It defines an operating system as a program that manages a computer's hardware and acts as an intermediary between the user and computer. A computer system consists of hardware components like the CPU and memory, an operating system, application programs, and users. The operating system controls hardware usage and coordinates application programs for users. It describes functions of the operating system like memory management, device management, processor management, file management, and security.

Software process in software engineering basics by ram k paliwal part 2Ram Paliwal

The document outlines the software engineering process, highlighting its characteristics and a generic framework consisting of five activities: communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. These activities are applicable across different project sizes and are often executed iteratively, allowing for incremental development. Additionally, it notes that various umbrella activities support these framework activities, aiming to manage progress, quality, change, and risk throughout the software project.

Software and software engineering basics by ram k paliwalRam Paliwal

The document provides an overview of software and software engineering, defining software as the product of software engineers and highlighting its pervasive role in modern life. It discusses the 'software crisis' caused by rising complexity and inefficiency, and proposes software engineering as a systematic approach to address these challenges. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of a quality focus and outlines the layers and processes involved in software engineering.

Do lecommerceRam Paliwal

E-commerce involves the exchange of goods and services over electronic systems like the internet. It requires products or services to sell, a way to accept orders and payments, fulfillment of orders, and customer service. There are four main categories of e-commerce: business to business, business to consumer, consumer to consumer, and consumer to business. Key drivers include technology, policies, skills, economics, and competition. Benefits include lower costs, larger markets, and improved customer interactions, while limitations relate to security, access, standards, and lack of human interaction.