Pada Presentasi kali ini,akan dijelaskan tentang Graft, Metode, Definisi, serta banyak hal lainnya.
Presentasi ini berguna untuk pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa/siswa yang mempelajari mata kuliah/pelajaran struktur data
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang iklan televisi yang melanggar etika berdasarkan aturan Etika Pariwara Indonesia (EPI). Beberapa iklan seperti Head & Shoulders, E-Juss Anggur, dan iklan politik Megawati-Prabowo ditolak karena dianggap melanggar aturan EPI seperti penggunaan bahasa superlatif dan peniruan iklan pesaing. Stasiun televisi Trans TV menolak iklan Megawati-Prabowo karena dianggap tidak etis dan tidak
Lampiran lampiran proker us 2012 2013 a4YKS.BIZ.ID
Dokumen tersebut berisi pedoman pelaksanaan ujian sekolah yang mencakup tata tertib bagi pengawas ruang ujian, mulai dari persiapan, pelaksanaan, hingga pengumpulan lembar jawaban dan serah terima hasil ujian."
Types Of Join In Sql Server - Join With Example In Sql Serverprogrammings guru
Do you know How many types of Joins in SQL. In this ppt presentation we are discussion about types of joins in sql server eg: INNER JOIN , SELF JOIN ,OUTER JOIN ,Right outer Join,Left outer Join,Full Outer Join,CROSS JOIN .
O documento apresenta os principais tipos de joins no SQL, incluindo INNER JOIN, OUTER JOIN (LEFT, RIGHT e FULL), NATURAL JOIN e operações sobre conjuntos como UNION, INTERSECT e EXCEPT. Exemplos demonstram como esses joins e operações funcionam para combinar informações de múltiplas tabelas e retornar dados específicos. O documento também faz paralelos entre os joins no SQL e operações na álgebra relacional.
We use joins to combine data from multiple tables. The main types of joins are inner joins, outer joins (including left, right, and full outer joins), and self joins. Inner joins return only matching records, while outer joins return all records from one or both tables along with any matches. Self joins allow a table to join with itself when it contains references to other records in the same table, such as an employees table that stores each employee's supervisor ID.
This document discusses different types of joins in SQL including inner, left, right, and full joins. It provides examples of how joins combine data from two tables, a Persons table and Orders table, based on relationships between columns like Person ID. Inner joins return rows when there is a match in both tables. Left and right joins return all rows from the left or right table, even without matches. Full joins return rows when there is a match in either table.
The document provides an overview of key agile concepts used in Scrum, including the product owner, scrum master, product backlog, release planning, sprints, sprint backlogs, burndown charts, and scrum meetings. The product owner is responsible for the product vision and backlog. The scrum master facilitates the process and removes impediments. Release planning selects features for releases from the backlog. Sprints are short development cycles used to complete portions of the backlog. Burndown charts visually track work remaining over time to help monitor progress.
The document discusses different types of SQL join operations including inner, left, right, and outer joins. It provides examples of each join type using sample tables and explains how the results of each join are determined. Key points covered include how joins combine rows from two or more tables based on matching column values, and how different join types handle rows with no matches differently, such as including or excluding them from results.
This document discusses different types of joins in Greenplum including inner joins, left outer joins, right outer joins, full outer joins, and cross joins. It provides syntax examples and explanations of when each join type would be used. It also covers PostgreSQL database concepts like schemas, roles, users, privileges, and table constraints.
Today, we continue our journey into the world of RDBMS (relational database management systems) and SQL (Structured Query Language).
In this presentation, you will understand about some key definitions and then you will learn how to work with multiple tables that have relationships with each other.
First, we will go covering some core concepts and key definitions, and then will begin working with JOINs queries in SQL.
Joins in databases combine records from two or more tables. The main types of joins are natural joins, equijoins, self joins, and outer joins. Natural joins automatically match columns with the same name, while equijoins use equality comparisons in the WHERE clause. Self joins match a table to itself, and outer joins return all records from one or both tables even if there are no matches.
The document discusses database normalization. It defines three normal forms: first normal form requires each cell to contain a single value and records to be unique; second normal form requires all non-key fields to depend on the whole primary key; third normal form requires all non-key fields to depend only on the primary key. An example shows a database normalized to third normal form, with the postal code moved to its own table since other fields depend on it rather than just the primary key. The summary is to normalize data such that all non-key columns depend only on the primary key.
This chapter discusses database normalization. It explains the different normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF) and the normalization process of evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies and anomalies. The chapter provides an example of an initial project table that violates normalization and walks through normalizing it to third normal form through identifying dependencies and breaking it into multiple tables. It emphasizes that normalization eliminates issues like partial and transitive dependencies to improve database design.
Database Normalization
The term Normalization is a process by which we can efficiently organize the data in a database. It associates relationship between individual tables according to policy designed both to care for the data and to create the database more flexible by eliminating redundancy and inconsistent dependency.
In other words, Database normalization is a process by which a presented database is tailored to bring its component tables into compliance with a sequence of progressive standard forms. It is an organized way of ensuring that a database construction is appropriate for general purpose querying and also includes the functions of insertion, deletion and updating.
Edgar Frank Codd was the person who introduced the process of database normalization firstly in his paper called A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. The two main objective of database normalization is eliminating redundant data and ensuring data dependencies make sense and make sure that every non-key column in every table is directly reliant on the key and the whole key.
Redundant data or unnecessary data will take more and more space in the database and later, creates the maintenance problem in the database. If data that exists in more than one place must be changed because it wastes disk space and the data must be changed in exactly the same way in all locations of the table.
This document discusses different types of SQL joins: inner join, outer join, and cross join. It explains that inner joins return only matching records from both tables, while outer joins return all records from one table and matching records from the other table. The three types of outer joins are left, right, and full outer joins. Cross joins return all possible combinations of records between the two tables. Syntax examples and sample queries are provided to illustrate each type of join.
In the graph database literature the term "join" does not refer to an operator combining two graphs, but involves path traversal queries over a single graph. Current languages express binary joins through the combination of path traversal queries with graph creation operations. Such solution proves to be not efficient. In this paper we introduce a binary graph join operator and a corresponding algorithm outperforming the solution proposed by query languages for either graphs (Cypher, SPARQL) and relational databases (SQL). This is achieved by using a specific graph data structure in secondary memory showing better performance than state of the art graph libraries (Boost Graph Library, SNAP) and database systems (Sparksee).
This presentation discusses semi-joins and their effectiveness in distributed environments. It begins by defining distributed systems and relational algebra operations like joins. It then explains that a semi-join returns rows from the first table that match rows in the second table, without duplicate rows. Examples are provided to illustrate how semi-joins can reduce communication costs compared to conventional joins. The presentation concludes by stating that semi-joins are an efficient way to join data across multiple tables in a query in distributed systems.
This document discusses COM+ and creating COM+ serviced components. It introduces COM+ as a programming model that provides services like security, queuing, and transactions for distributed applications. COM+ serviced components inherit from the ServicedComponent class and can be configured and registered to access COM+ services. The document provides examples of using attributes to implement services like just-in-time activation, role-based security, and synchronization in a COM+ component. It also discusses registering components and creating COM+ applications to group related components. An exercise is included to build a loan calculation COM+ component and client application.
Distributed Application Development (Introduction)Dudy Ali
The document discusses distributed application architectures and technologies. It describes the key characteristics of single-tier, two-tier, three-tier/n-tier, and service-oriented architectures. It also outlines some technologies that can be used to develop distributed applications in .NET, including COM+ services, .NET Remoting, and web services. The document provides information on distributed application architectures and technologies to identify their components and advantages.
Types Of Join In Sql Server - Join With Example In Sql Serverprogrammings guru
Do you know How many types of Joins in SQL. In this ppt presentation we are discussion about types of joins in sql server eg: INNER JOIN , SELF JOIN ,OUTER JOIN ,Right outer Join,Left outer Join,Full Outer Join,CROSS JOIN .
O documento apresenta os principais tipos de joins no SQL, incluindo INNER JOIN, OUTER JOIN (LEFT, RIGHT e FULL), NATURAL JOIN e operações sobre conjuntos como UNION, INTERSECT e EXCEPT. Exemplos demonstram como esses joins e operações funcionam para combinar informações de múltiplas tabelas e retornar dados específicos. O documento também faz paralelos entre os joins no SQL e operações na álgebra relacional.
We use joins to combine data from multiple tables. The main types of joins are inner joins, outer joins (including left, right, and full outer joins), and self joins. Inner joins return only matching records, while outer joins return all records from one or both tables along with any matches. Self joins allow a table to join with itself when it contains references to other records in the same table, such as an employees table that stores each employee's supervisor ID.
This document discusses different types of joins in SQL including inner, left, right, and full joins. It provides examples of how joins combine data from two tables, a Persons table and Orders table, based on relationships between columns like Person ID. Inner joins return rows when there is a match in both tables. Left and right joins return all rows from the left or right table, even without matches. Full joins return rows when there is a match in either table.
The document provides an overview of key agile concepts used in Scrum, including the product owner, scrum master, product backlog, release planning, sprints, sprint backlogs, burndown charts, and scrum meetings. The product owner is responsible for the product vision and backlog. The scrum master facilitates the process and removes impediments. Release planning selects features for releases from the backlog. Sprints are short development cycles used to complete portions of the backlog. Burndown charts visually track work remaining over time to help monitor progress.
The document discusses different types of SQL join operations including inner, left, right, and outer joins. It provides examples of each join type using sample tables and explains how the results of each join are determined. Key points covered include how joins combine rows from two or more tables based on matching column values, and how different join types handle rows with no matches differently, such as including or excluding them from results.
This document discusses different types of joins in Greenplum including inner joins, left outer joins, right outer joins, full outer joins, and cross joins. It provides syntax examples and explanations of when each join type would be used. It also covers PostgreSQL database concepts like schemas, roles, users, privileges, and table constraints.
Today, we continue our journey into the world of RDBMS (relational database management systems) and SQL (Structured Query Language).
In this presentation, you will understand about some key definitions and then you will learn how to work with multiple tables that have relationships with each other.
First, we will go covering some core concepts and key definitions, and then will begin working with JOINs queries in SQL.
Joins in databases combine records from two or more tables. The main types of joins are natural joins, equijoins, self joins, and outer joins. Natural joins automatically match columns with the same name, while equijoins use equality comparisons in the WHERE clause. Self joins match a table to itself, and outer joins return all records from one or both tables even if there are no matches.
The document discusses database normalization. It defines three normal forms: first normal form requires each cell to contain a single value and records to be unique; second normal form requires all non-key fields to depend on the whole primary key; third normal form requires all non-key fields to depend only on the primary key. An example shows a database normalized to third normal form, with the postal code moved to its own table since other fields depend on it rather than just the primary key. The summary is to normalize data such that all non-key columns depend only on the primary key.
This chapter discusses database normalization. It explains the different normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF) and the normalization process of evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data redundancies and anomalies. The chapter provides an example of an initial project table that violates normalization and walks through normalizing it to third normal form through identifying dependencies and breaking it into multiple tables. It emphasizes that normalization eliminates issues like partial and transitive dependencies to improve database design.
Database Normalization
The term Normalization is a process by which we can efficiently organize the data in a database. It associates relationship between individual tables according to policy designed both to care for the data and to create the database more flexible by eliminating redundancy and inconsistent dependency.
In other words, Database normalization is a process by which a presented database is tailored to bring its component tables into compliance with a sequence of progressive standard forms. It is an organized way of ensuring that a database construction is appropriate for general purpose querying and also includes the functions of insertion, deletion and updating.
Edgar Frank Codd was the person who introduced the process of database normalization firstly in his paper called A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks. The two main objective of database normalization is eliminating redundant data and ensuring data dependencies make sense and make sure that every non-key column in every table is directly reliant on the key and the whole key.
Redundant data or unnecessary data will take more and more space in the database and later, creates the maintenance problem in the database. If data that exists in more than one place must be changed because it wastes disk space and the data must be changed in exactly the same way in all locations of the table.
This document discusses different types of SQL joins: inner join, outer join, and cross join. It explains that inner joins return only matching records from both tables, while outer joins return all records from one table and matching records from the other table. The three types of outer joins are left, right, and full outer joins. Cross joins return all possible combinations of records between the two tables. Syntax examples and sample queries are provided to illustrate each type of join.
In the graph database literature the term "join" does not refer to an operator combining two graphs, but involves path traversal queries over a single graph. Current languages express binary joins through the combination of path traversal queries with graph creation operations. Such solution proves to be not efficient. In this paper we introduce a binary graph join operator and a corresponding algorithm outperforming the solution proposed by query languages for either graphs (Cypher, SPARQL) and relational databases (SQL). This is achieved by using a specific graph data structure in secondary memory showing better performance than state of the art graph libraries (Boost Graph Library, SNAP) and database systems (Sparksee).
This presentation discusses semi-joins and their effectiveness in distributed environments. It begins by defining distributed systems and relational algebra operations like joins. It then explains that a semi-join returns rows from the first table that match rows in the second table, without duplicate rows. Examples are provided to illustrate how semi-joins can reduce communication costs compared to conventional joins. The presentation concludes by stating that semi-joins are an efficient way to join data across multiple tables in a query in distributed systems.
This document discusses COM+ and creating COM+ serviced components. It introduces COM+ as a programming model that provides services like security, queuing, and transactions for distributed applications. COM+ serviced components inherit from the ServicedComponent class and can be configured and registered to access COM+ services. The document provides examples of using attributes to implement services like just-in-time activation, role-based security, and synchronization in a COM+ component. It also discusses registering components and creating COM+ applications to group related components. An exercise is included to build a loan calculation COM+ component and client application.
Distributed Application Development (Introduction)Dudy Ali
The document discusses distributed application architectures and technologies. It describes the key characteristics of single-tier, two-tier, three-tier/n-tier, and service-oriented architectures. It also outlines some technologies that can be used to develop distributed applications in .NET, including COM+ services, .NET Remoting, and web services. The document provides information on distributed application architectures and technologies to identify their components and advantages.
Java CRUD Mechanism with SQL Server DatabaseDudy Ali
This document discusses Java database connectivity (JDBC) and CRUD operations using JDBC and SQL Server. It covers how to configure a JDBC-ODBC data source name to connect to an SQL Server database, use the JDBC API to connect to the database and execute basic SQL statements to perform CRUD operations. It also demonstrates how to use prepared statements to query and modify data in a more efficient way by binding parameters at runtime. Code examples are provided to show how to connect to a database, insert, update, delete and retrieve rows from a table.
This document discusses network programming concepts in Java, including client-server architecture, internet protocols, IP addresses and ports, sockets, and implementing UDP applications. It provides code examples of sending and receiving data using UDP datagram packets and sockets in Java. Specifically, it shows how to create a client-server application where the server can broadcast messages to clients in a multicast group using UDP multicast sockets.
- The document discusses consuming web services in web applications, including invoking web services, consuming Windows Communication Foundation services, and the architecture of ASP.NET AJAX. It also covers implementing internationalization in applications by discussing globalization, localization, and factors to consider like language, formatting, strings, and user interfaces.
This document discusses declaring attributes in XML schemas. Attributes can be declared in schemas to facilitate validating XML documents. Attributes are declared using an attribute element, which can specify the attribute's name, type, allowed values, etc. Attributes can be declared globally to enable reuse across elements. Schemas also allow restricting attribute and element values using simple type definitions and the restriction element. Examples are provided of restricting age to a numeric range and gender to a fixed set of options.
This document discusses XML schemas and their components. It begins by defining what an XML schema is and its purpose in specifying elements, attributes, and data types in an XML document. It then discusses the advantages of using XML Schema Definition (XSD) to define schemas and provides examples of parsers that support XML schemas. The document outlines the different data types in XSD like primitive, derived, atomic, list and union, as well as how to define simple and complex elements. It concludes with explanations of namespaces in XML and how they are declared in XSD.
This document discusses transforming XML documents through Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL). It introduces CSS syntax for defining element styles and applying CSS to XML. It then introduces XSL and its components XSLT and XPath for more advanced formatting like reordering elements. The document explains common XSLT elements like template, value-of, and apply-templates used to select data and define formatting rules. It provides examples of creating CSS and XSLT stylesheets to format product details from XML.
The document discusses JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), which allows Java applications to connect to databases. It covers:
- The layers of the JDBC architecture including the application layer and driver layer.
- The four types of JDBC drivers that translate between SQL and database formats.
- How to use the JDBC API classes and interfaces like DriverManager, Connection, and Statement.
- The steps to create a JDBC application including loading drivers, connecting to databases, executing statements, and handling exceptions.
- How to perform operations like querying, inserting, updating, deleting and creating/altering database tables.
- That ResultSet objects store results and have different types like scrollable and
This document discusses using XSLT for conditional formatting and displaying data. It covers the <if> and <choose> elements used for conditional formatting. It also discusses XPath expressions and operators that can be used to retrieve and filter XML data based on conditions. Examples of comparison operators like =, !=, <, <=, >=, > and logical operators like and, or are provided.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang algoritma dan struktur data, termasuk definisi algoritma dan struktur data, contoh struktur data seperti list, stack, dan queue, serta penjelasan mengenai efisiensi algoritma dan penggunaan struktur data untuk meningkatkan efisiensi program.
Object Oriented Programming - Value Types & Reference TypesDudy Ali
The document discusses value types and reference types in C# programming. It explains that value types contain data directly, while reference types contain references to memory locations where data is stored. It provides examples of how value types and reference types are allocated in memory. It also covers topics like enumerations, arrays, and displaying array values.
This document discusses inheritance and related object-oriented programming concepts in C#, including:
- Inheritance allows a derived class to inherit attributes from a base class.
- Relationships between classes include inheritance, composition, utilization, and instantiation.
- Abstract classes cannot be instantiated but provide partial implementation for derived classes to complete. Abstract methods have no body and must be overridden in derived classes.
- Sealed classes cannot be inherited from, while sealed methods cannot be overridden in derived classes.
- Interfaces declare method signatures that classes implement, allowing multiple interface implementation.
Object Oriented Programming - File Input & OutputDudy Ali
The document discusses file input/output in C# and .NET. It describes how streams are used for input and output operations and the common classes in the System.IO namespace used for file operations. It then discusses the FileStream and StreamReader/StreamWriter classes in more detail and provides examples of how to use them to write data to and read data from files. It also covers using delimiters to separate data elements and storing them in arrays.
Object Oriented Programming - Constructors & DestructorsDudy Ali
1) Constructors are special methods that are invoked when a new instance of a class is created. They are used to initialize member variables and have the same name as the class.
2) Destructors are special methods that are used to perform cleanup actions like releasing memory when an object is destroyed. They are prefixed with a tilde symbol and have the same name as the class.
3) The document provides examples of using constructors with and without parameters, and destructors. It explains that destructors are automatically called by the .NET framework to destroy objects in memory.
Object Oriented Programming - Abstraction & EncapsulationDudy Ali
This document discusses abstraction and encapsulation in object-oriented programming. It defines abstraction as extracting only relevant information and gives an example of displaying a car without needing to know if insert or delete functions are available. Encapsulation is defined as an object's ability to hide data and behavior not necessary to its user. It provides examples of public and private access specifiers to restrict access to properties and methods. Access specifiers like public, private, protected and internal are also explained with examples.
2. Jenis Query Join
• Inner Join
• Outer Join
o Left Outer Join
o Right Outer Join
o Full Outer Join
• Cross Join
• Equi Join
• Self Join
3. Pengertian Inner Join
• Inner Join
o Digunakan untuk menampilkan data dari dua atau lebih tabel
dengan menggunakan operator perbandingan pada kolom yang
terdapat di tabel-tabel tersebut.
o Baris yang sesuai dengan kondisi join akan ditampilkan
sedangkan yang tidak sesuai akan dieliminasi.
• Sintaks
SELECT a.IDTrans, a.TglBeli, b.IDBarang, b.Harga
FROM tbTransaksi a JOIN tbBarang b
ON a.IDBarang = b.IDBarang
5. Contoh Inner Join
IDTrans TglBeli IDBarang Harga
T001 2013/11/11 B001 5000
T002 2013/11/12 B002 3000
T004 2013/11/14 B001 5000
Kolom dari
tbTransaksi
Kolom dari
tbBarang
6. Outer Join
• Left Outer Join
o Menghasilkan semua baris yg terdapat pada tabel yang
disebutkan disebelah kiri keyword LEFT OUTER JOIN yang
akan digabungkan dengan baris yang sesuai pada tabel yang
disebutkan disebelah kanan keyword LEFT OUTER JOIN.
o Jika baris disebelah kiri tidak memiliki pasangan pada tabel
sebelah kanan, maka nilai yang akan tampil adalah NULL.
• Sintaks
SELECT a.IDTrans, a.TglBeli, b.IDBarang, b.Harga
FROM tbTransaksi a LEFT OUTER JOIN tbBarang b
ON a.IDBarang = b.IDBarang
8. Contoh Left Outer Join
IDTrans TglBeli IDBarang Harga
T001 2013/11/11 B001 5000
T002 2013/11/12 B002 3000
T003 2013/11/13 NULL NULL
T004 2013/11/14 B001 5000
Kolom dari
tbTransaksi
(Kiri)
Kolom dari
tbBarang
(Kanan)
9. Outer Join
• Right Outer Join
o Menghasilkan semua baris yg terdapat pada tabel yang
disebutkan disebelah kanan keyword RIGHT OUTER JOIN yang
akan digabungkan dengan baris yang sesuai pada tabel yang
disebutkan disebelah kiri keyword RIGHT OUTER JOIN.
o Jika baris disebelah kanan tidak memiliki pasangan pada tabel
sebelah kiri, maka nilai yang akan tampil adalah NULL.
• Sintaks
SELECT a.IDTrans, a.TglBeli, b.IDBarang, b.Harga
FROM tbTransaksi a RIGHT OUTER JOIN tbBarang b
ON a.IDBarang = b.IDBarang
11. Contoh Right Outer Join
IDTrans TglBeli IDBarang Harga
T001 2013/11/11 B001 5000
T002 2013/11/12 B001 5000
T003 2013/11/13 B002 3000
NULL NULL B003 4000
NULL NULL B005 6000
Kolom dari
tbTransaksi
(Kiri)
Kolom dari
tbBarang
(Kanan)
12. Outer Join
• Full Outer Join
o Merupakan gabungan dari LEFT OUTER JOIN dan RIGHT
OUTER JOIN
o Jika baris disebelah kanan tidak memiliki pasangan pada tabel
sebelah kiri, maka nilai yang akan tampil adalah NULL. Berlaku
sebaliknya.
• Sintaks
SELECT a.IDTrans, a.TglBeli, b.IDBarang, b.Harga
FROM tbTransaksi a FULL OUTER JOIN tbBarang b
ON a.IDBarang = b.IDBarang
14. Contoh Full Outer Join
IDTrans TglBeli IDBarang Harga
T001 2013/11/11 B001 5000
T002 2013/11/12 B001 5000
T003 2013/11/13 NULL NULL
T004 2013/11/14 B002 3000
NULL NULL B003 4000
NULL NULL B005 6000
Kolom dari
tbTransaksi
Kolom dari
tbBarang
15. Cross Join
• Cross Join
o Penggabungan antara dua tabel dengan cara memasangkan
setiap baris pada tabel pertama dengan setiap baris dengan
tabel kedua sehingga jumlah baris dari hasil CROSS JOIN sama
dengan jumlah baris pertama dikali jumlah baris kedua.
• Sintaks
SELECT a.IDPegawai, a.Nama, b.Shift
FROM tbPegawai a CROSS JOIN tbShift b
18. Equi Join
• Equi Join
o Sama seperti INNER JOIN, hanya saja jika di INNER JOIN
kolom yang ditampilkan hanya beberapa saja, maka di EQUI
JOIN semua kolom ditampilkan.
• Sintaks
SELECT *
FROM tbTransaksi a JOIN tbBarang b
ON a.IDBarang = b.IDBarang
• Contoh :
o (Lihat modul DBI halaman 90)
19. Self Join
• Self Join
o Pada SELF JOIN, suatu tabel digabungkan dengan dirinya
sendiri, sehingga menampilkan baris yang sesuai dengan baris
lainnya pada tabel tersebut.
• Sintaks
SELECT a.EmployeeID, a.Title,
a.ManagerID, b.Title
FROM HumanResources.Employee a,
HumanResources.Employee b
WHERE a.ManagerID = b.EmployeeID
• Contoh
o (Lihat Modul DBI halaman 91)