Database migration

Database Migration Wizard:
Table of Contents
(1) ODBC Libraries :
MySQL Workbench provides the ability to migrate ODBC compliant databases to
MySQL. The MySQL Workbench Migration Wizard was added in MySQL
Workbench 5.2.41.
Convert (migrate) different database types, including MySQL, across servers
Convert tables and copy data, but will not convert stored procedures,
views, or triggers
Allows customization and editing during the migration process
Works on Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows
This is not an exhaustive list. The following sections discuss these and additional
migration capabilities. Set up may be the most challenging aspect of using the
MySQL Workbench Migration Wizard. There is the installation section, which
describes setting up ODBC requirements for Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft
Windows, and the Database Product Specific Notes section that references setup
conditions for each RDBMS.
The MySQL Workbench Migration Wizard uses ODBC to connect to a source
database, except for MySQL. You will need the ODBC driver installed that
corresponds to the database you want to migrate from. For example, PostgreSQL
can be migrated with the psqlodbc ODBC driver; Microsoft SQL Server can be
migrated using the native Microsoft SQL Server driver on Windows or with
FreeTDS on Linux and Mac OS X.
The following diagram shows the general components involved in an ODBC
connection:

MySQL Workbench migration installation diagram
(i) ODBC Libraries
Linux :
iODBC: MySQL Workbench binaries provided by Oracle already include iODBC and
no additional action is required. If you compile it yourself, you must install iODBC
or unixODBC. iODBC is recommended. You can use the iODBC library provided by
your distribution.
pyodbc: is the Python module used by MySQL Workbench to interface with ODBC,
and may be used to migrate ODBC compliant databases such as PostgreSQL and
DB2. In Windows and Mac OS X, it is included with Workbench. In Linux, binaries
provided by Oracle also include pyodbc.
If you're using a self-compiled binary, make sure you have the latest version, and
that it is compiled against the ODBC manager library that you chose, whether it is
iODBC or unixODBC. As of version 3.0.6, pyodbc will compile against unixODBC by
default. If you are compiling against iODBC then you must perform the following
steps:

1. Install the development files for iODBC. Usually you just need to install the
libiodbc-devel or libiodbc2-dev package provided by your distribution.
2. In the pyodbc source directory, edit the setup.py file and around line 157,
replace the following line: settings['libraries'].append('odbc') with
settings['libraries'].append('iodbc')
3. Execute the following command as the root user: CFLAGS=`iodbc-config --
cflags` LDFLAGS=`iodbc-config --libs` python setup.py install.
(ii) ODBC Drivers :
For each RDBMS, you need its corresponding ODBC driver, which must also be
installed on the same machine that MySQL Workbench is running on. This driver is
usually provided by the RDBMS manufacturer, but in some cases they can also be
provided by third party vendors or open source projects.
Operating systems usually provide a graphical interface to help set up ODBC
drivers and data sources. Use that to install the driver (i.e., make the ODBC
Manager "see" a newly installed ODBC driver). You can also use it to create a data
source for a specific database instance, to be connected using a previously
configured driver. Typically you need to provide a name for the data source (the
DSN), in addition to the database server IP, port, username, and sometimes the
database the user has access to.
If MySQL Workbench is able to locate an ODBC manager GUI for your system, a
“Plugins”,”Start ODBC – Administrator” menu item be present under the Plugins
menu as a convenience shortcut to start it.
Linux: There are a few GUI utilities, some of which are included with
unixODBC. Refer to the documentation for your distribution. iODBC
provides iodbcadm-gtk. Official binaries of MySQL Workbench include it
and it can be accessed through the “Plugins”, “Start ODBC Administrator”
menu item.
Mac OS X: You can use the ODBC Administrator tool, which is provided as a
separate download from Apple. If the tool is installed in the
/Applications/Utilities folder, you can start it through the “Plugins”, “Start
ODBC Administrator” menu item.

Microsoft Windows: You can use the Data Sources (ODBC) tool under
Administrative Tools. And it can be started through the “Plugins”, “Start
ODBC Administrator” menu item.
ODBC Driver architecture
Since the ODBC driver needs to be installed in the client side, you will need an
ODBC driver that supports your client’s operating system and architecture. For
example, if you are running MySQL Workbench from Linux x64, then you need a
Linux x64 ODBC driver for your RDBMS. In Mac OS X, MySQL Workbench is built as
a 32-bit application, so you need the 32-bit drivers.
(2) Migration Overview :
(i) A visual guide to performing a database migration
(ii) Migrating from supported databases
(iii) Migrating from unsupported (generic) databases
The Migration Wizard performs the following steps when migrating a database to
MySQL:
1. Connects to the source RDBMS and retrieves a list of available
databases/schemas.
2. Reverse engineers selected database/schemas into a internal
representation specific to the source RDBMS. This step will also perform
the renaming of objects/schemas depending on the type of object name
mapping method that is chosen.
3. Automatically migrates the source RDBMS objects into MySQL specific
objects.
a. Target schema objects are created.
b. Target table objects are created.
i. Columns for each table are copied.
A. Datatypes are mapped to MySQL datatypes.
B. Default values are mapped to a MySQL supported
default value, if possible.
ii. Indexes are converted.
iii. Primary Keys are converted.
iv. Triggers are copied, and commented out if the source is not
MySQL.

c. Foreign Keys for all tables (of all schemas) are converted.
d. View objects are copied, and commented out if the source is not
MySQL.
e. Stored Procedure and Function objects are copied, and commented
out if the source is not MySQL.
4. Provides an opportunity to review the changes, for editing and correcting
errors in the migrated objects.
5. Creates the migrated objects in the target MySQL server. If there are errors,
you can return to the previous step and correct them, and retry the target
creation.
6. Copy data of the migrated tables from the source RDBMS to MySQL.
MySQL Workbench provides support for migrating from some specific RDBMS
products. The Migration Wizard will provide the best results when migrating from
such products. However, in some cases, other unsupported database products
can also be migrated by using its Generic database support, as long as you have
an ODBC driver for it. In this case, the migration will be less automatic, but should
still work nonetheless.
(i) A visual guide to performing a database migration (GUI with screen shots)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/wb-migration-overview-steps.html
(ii) Migrating from supported databases:
When a supported RDBMS product is being migrated, the MySQL Workbench
Migration Wizard will automatically convert as much information as it can, but
you may still be required to manually edit the automatically migrated schema for
difficult cases, or when the default mapping is not as desired.
Generally speaking, only table information and its data are automatically
converted to MySQL. Code objects such as views, stored procedures, and triggers,
are not. But supported RDBMS products will be retrieved and displayed in the
wizard. You can then manually convert them, or save them for converting at a
later time.

The following RDBMS products and versions are currently tested and supported
by the MySQL Workbench Migration Wizard, although other RDBMS products can
also be migrated with Section 10.2.3, “Migrating from unsupported (generic)
databases
Microsoft SQL Server 2000
MySQL Server 4.1 and greater as the source, and MySQL Server 5.1 and
greater as the target
PostgreSQL 8.0 and greater
Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise 15.x and greater
(iii) Migrating from unsupported (generic) databases:
Most ODBC compliant databases may be migrated using the generic database
support. In this case, code objects will not be retrieved from the source database;
only tables and data.
When using the generic support, column datatypes are mapped using the
following steps:
1. It searches for the first entry in the Generic Datatype Mapping Table for the
source type name. If the length/scale ranges of the entry matches the
source column, it will pick that type. Otherwise, it continues searching.
2. If no matches were found in the generic table, then it tries to directly map
the source type to a MySQL type of the same name.
3. If the source type name doesn't match any of the MySQL datatypes, thenit
will not be converted and an error is logged. You can then manually specify
the target datatype in the Manual Object Editing step of the wizard.
(3) Conceptual DBMS equivalents :
Handling Microsoft SQL Server and MySQL structural differences:
A Microsoft SQL Server database is made up of one catalog and one or more
schemata. MySQL only supports one schema for each database (or rather, a
MySQL database is a schema) so this difference in design must be planned for.
The Migration Wizard must know how to handle the migration of schemata for

the source (Microsoft SQL Server) database. It can either keep all of the schemata
as they are (the Migration Wizard will create one database per schema), or merge
them into a single MySQL database. Additional configure options include: either
remove the schema names (the Migration Wizard will handle the possible name
collisions that may appear along the way), and an option to add the schema name
to the database object names as a prefix.
FYI…..
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/wb-migration-database-concepts.html
(4) Microsoft SQL Server migration
(i) Preparations
(ii) Drivers
(iii) Connection Setup
(iv) Microsoft SQL Server Type Mapping
Introduction:
The MySQL Workbench Migration Wizard is tested against the following Microsoft
SQL Server versions: 2000, 2005, 2008, and 2012.
(i) Preparations:
To be able to migrate from Microsoft SQL Server, ensure the following:
The source SQL Server instance is running, and accepts TCP connections
You know the IP and port of the source SQL server instance. If you will be
migrating using a Microsoft ODBC driver for SQL Server (the default in
Windows), you will need to know the host and the name of the SQL Server
instance.
Make sure that the SQL Server is reachable from where you will be running
MySQL Workbench. More specifically, check the firewall settings.
Make sure that the account you will use has proper privileges to the
database that will be migrated.

(ii) Drivers:
(I) Windows
(II) Linux
(I) Windows:
Microsoft Windows XP or newer includes an ODBC driver for Microsoft SQL
Server, so there are no additional actions required.
(II) Linux:Setting up drivers on Linux.
FreeTDS:
FreeTDS version 0.92 or greater is required. Note that many distributions ship
older versions of FreeTDS, so it may need to be installed separately. Additionally,
the FreeTDS version provided by distributions may also be compiled for the wrong
ODBC library (usually to unixODBC instead of iODBC, which MySQL Workbench
uses). Because of that you will probably need to build this library yourself.
Important: using FreeTDS with iODBC
When compiling FreeTDS for use with iODBC (the default with the official
binaries), you must compile it with the --enable-odbc-wide command line option
for the configure script. Failing to do so will result in crashes and other
unpredictable errors.
A script is provided to compile FreeTDS using the options required for MySQL
Workbench You can find it in the /usr/share/mysql-
workbench/extras/build_freetds.sh directory in Linux or
MySQLWorkbench.app/Contents/SharedSupport/build_freetds.sh folder in the
Mac. To use it, follow these steps:
1. Make sure you have the iODBC headers installed. In Linux, install the
libiodbc-devel or libiodbc2-dev package from your distribution. In Mac OS
X, the headers come with the system and no additional action is required
for this step.
2. mkdir ~/freetds to create a directory - within the users home directory.
3. Copy the build_freetds.sh script to ~/freetds
4. Get the latest FreeTDS sources from ftp://ftp.freetds.org/pub/freetds/ and
place it in the ~/freetds directory. Make sure to get version 0.92 or newer.

5. cd ~/freetds
6. Execute build_freetds.sh
7. After compilation is done, install it using make install from the path given
by the script.
8. Install the driver in the ODBC Administrator, to make the ODBC subsystem
to recognize it. The name of the driver file is libtdsodbc.so and is located in
/usr/lib or /usr/local/lib
Once the driver is installed, you should be able to create data sources for it from
the ODBC Administrator GUI. Protocol version selection in FreeTDS
When using FreeTDS, TDS_VERSION=7.0 is needed in the connection string. If you
pick a FreeTDS specific connection method option in the connection dialog, that
option is added to the connection string automatically.
(III) Connection Setup:
Using an ODBC Data Source ,Using Connection Parameters
(IV) Microsoft SQL Server Type Mapping:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/wb-migration-database-mssql-
typemapping.html
(5) PostgreSQL migration :
(i) Preparations
(ii) Drivers
(iii) Connection Setup
(iv) PostgreSQL Type Mapping
Native support for PostgreSQL 8.x and 9.x was added in MySQL Workbench
5.2.44. MySQL Workbench versions prior to this would migrate PostgreSQL using
the generic migration support.
(i) Preparations:
(I) Microsoft Windows
(II) Linux

(III) Mac OS X
Before proceeding, you will need the following:
Follow the installation guide for installing iODBC on your system.
Access to a running PostgreSQL instance with privileges to the database you
want to migrate, otherwise known as the "source database." The Migration
Wizard officially supports PostgreSQL 8.0 and above, although older
versions may work.
Access to a running MySQL Server instance with privileges to the database
you want to migrate. The Migration Wizard officially supports MySQL 5.0
and above.
MySQL Workbench 5.2.44 or newer.
(I) Microsoft Windows:
Download and install the MSI package for psqlODBC. Choose the newest file from
http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/odbc/versions/msi/, which will be at the bottom
of the downloads page. This will install psqlODBC on your system and allow you to
migrate from Postgresql to MySQL using MySQL Workbench.
(II) Linux :
After installing iODBC, proceed to install the PostgreSQL ODBC drivers.
Download the psqlODBC source tarball file from
http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/odbc/versions/src/. Use the latest version
available for download, which will be at the bottom of the downloads page. The
file will look similar to psqlodbc-09.01.0200.tar.gz. Extract this tarball to a
temporary location, open a terminal, and cd into that directory. The installation
process is:
shell> cd the/src/directory
shell> ./configure --with-iodbc --enable-pthreads
shell> make
shell>sudo make install
Verify the installation by confirming that the file psqlodbcw.so is in the
/usr/local/lib directory.

Next, you must register your new ODBC Driver.
Open the iODBC Data Source Administrator application by either executing
iodbcadm-gtk in the command-line, or by launching it from the Overview page of
the MySQL Workbench Migration Wizard by clicking the Open ODBC
Administrator button. Go to the ODBC Drivers tab in the iODBC Data Source
Administrator. It should look similar to:
Figure: The iODBC Data Source Administrator
Click Add a driver then fill out the form with the following values:
Description of the driver: psqlODBC
Driver file name: /usr/local/lib/psqlodbcw.so
Setup file name: No value is needed here
And lastly, clicking OK will complete the psqlODBC driver registration.

(III) Mac OS X :
To compile psqlODBC on Mac OS X, you will need to have Xcode and its
"Command Line Tools" component installed on your system, as this includes the
required gcc compiler. Xcode is free, and available from the AppStore. And after
installing Xcode, open it and go to Preferences, Downloads, Components, and
then install the "Command Line Tools" component.
Download the psqlODBC source tarball file from
http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/odbc/versions/src/. Use the latest version
available for download, which will be at the bottom of the downloads page. The
file will look similar to psqlodbc-09.01.0200.tar.gz. Extract this tarball to a
temporary location, open a terminal, and cd into that directory. The installation
process is:
shell> cd the/src/directory
shell> ./configure --with-iodbc --enable-pthreads
shell> CFLAGS="-arch i386 -arch x86_64" make
shell>sudo make install
(ii) Drivers:
If you are compiling psqlodb, first configure with the --without-libpq option.
(iii) Connection Setup:
After loading the Migration Wizard, click on the Start Migration button in the
Overview page to begin the migration process. You will first connect to the source
PostgreSQL database. Here you will provide the information about the PostgreSQL
RDBMS that you are migrating from, the ODBC driver that will be used for the
migration, and all of the parameters required for the connection. The name of the
ODBC driver is the one you set up when you registered your psqlODBC driver with
the driver manager.
Opening the Database System dropdown will reveal each RDBMS that is
supported on your system. Select PostgreSQL from the list. Below that is the

Stored Connection dropdown, which is optional. Stored connections will be listed
here, which connections are saved after defining a connection with the Store
connection for future use as checkbox enabled.
The three Connection Method options are:
ODBC (manually entered parameters): Each parameter, like a username, is
defined separately
ODBC Data Source: For pre-configured data sources (DSN)
ODBC (direct connection string): A full ODBC connection string
Note :
The psqlODBC driver does not allow a connection without specifying a database
name. The migration process is similar to other databases.
(iv) PostgreSQL Type Mapping:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/wb-migration-database-postgresql-
typemapping.html
(6) MySQL migration:
Introduction
Notes about copying MySQL, and what you can do with it.
(7) Using the MySQL Workbench Migration Wizard :
(i) Connecting to the databases :
A connection is made to the source and target database servers.
Source Connection Setup:
The Source Connection offers the MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Generic
RDBMS database system options. This selection determines the available
Parameters and Advanced configuration options. This connection definition may
be saved using the Store connection for future use as option, and there is also the
Test Connection option.

Target Connection Setup
The MySQL Server that will be home to the newly migrated database.
(ii) Schemata Retrieval and Selection :
Fetch Schemata List
The names of available schemas will be retrieved from the source RDBMS. The
account used for the connection will need to have appropriate privileges for
listing and reading the schemas you want to migrate. Target RDBMS connection
settings will also be validated.
The steps that are performed include: connects to the source DBMS, checks the
connection, and retrieves the schema list from the source.
Schemata Selection
Select the schemata that you want to migrate.
(iii) Reverse Engineering :
This is an automated step, where the actions include: Connect to the source
DBMS, Reverse engineer the selected schemata, and perform post-processing if
needed.
(iv) Object Selection :
By default, all table objects will be migrated. Use the “Show Selection” button in
order to disable individual table objects from being migrated.
(v) Migration :
Reverse engineered objects from the source RDBMS will be automatically
converted to MySQL compatible objects. Default data type and default column
value mappings will be used. You will be able to review and edit the generated
objects and column definitions in the next step.
The steps performed include migrating the selected objects, and generating the
SQL CREATE statements.

(vi) Manual Editing :
The migrated objects may be reviewed and edited here. You can manually edit
the generated SQL before applying them to the target database. Target schemas
and tables may be renamed, and column definitions may be changed, by double-
clicking on them.
By default, the “All Objects” View is loaded. Other View options include
“Migration Problems” and “Column Mappings”.
All Objects: Shows all objects, which can also be edited by double-clicking.
Migration Problem: Will list all of the migration problems, or report that no
mapping problems were found.
Column Mappings: Displays all of the schema columns, which may also be
edited. There is an advanced “Show Code and Messages” option that
displays the SQL CREATE script for the selected object.
(vii) Target Creation Options :
Defines addition settings for the target schema.
Configuration options include:
Create schema in target RDBMS:
Create a SQL script file:
An option to keep the schemata if they already exist. Objects that already
exist will not be recreated or update.
(viii) Schema Creation :
The SQL scripts generated for the migrated schema objects will now be executed
in the target database. You can monitor execution in the logs; if errors exist then
they will be fixed in the next step. Table data will be migrated in a later step as
well.
This is an automated step, where the actions include: Create Script File, Connect
to Target Database, and Create Schemata and Objects.

(ix) Create Target Results :
Scripts to create the target schemas were executed, but the data has not yet been
migrated. This step allows reviewing a creation report. If there are any errors,
then you can manually fix the scripts and click “Recreate Objects” to retry the
schema creation or return to the Manual Editingpage to correct them there, and
then retry the target creation.
To edit, first select the object, and then the SQL CREATE Script will be shown for
the selected object. Edit it there, then press “Apply” to save.
(x) Data Migration Setup :
Provides additional options for data transfer, including the ability to set up a
script to automate this transfer in the future.
(xi) Bulk Data Transfer :
The transfer is executed here.
(xii) Migration Report :
Displays the final report that can be reviewed to ensure a proper migration was
executed.

Database migration

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