Database overview unit 4 part 1
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these slides include the details about Database overview, and let the user know about what why and how data is to be analyzed
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Database overview unit 4 part 1
- 2. Outline Database ◦ What is Database ◦ Why to design database ◦ How to meet the user’s need Evolution of Database ◦ File System ◦ Data Models ◦ Hierarchical ◦ Network ◦ Relational ◦ Entity-Relationship ◦ Object-Oriented ◦ Web Database 2
- 3. Database: What Database ◦ is collection of related data and its metadata organized in a structured format ◦ for optimized information management Database Management System (DBMS) ◦ is a software that enables easy creation, access, and modification of databases ◦ for efficient and effective database management Database System ◦ is an integrated system of hardware, software, people, procedures, and data ◦ that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment 3
- 4. Database Management System 4 Database Systems: Overview of an Organization - End users and database : managed by the database application
- 5. Database System Environment 5 Database Systems: Example of Database system of an Organization Hardware CPU, Memory Software - OS - DBMS - Applications People : User’s Procedures Data
- 6. Database: Why Purpose of Database ◦ Optimizes data management ◦ Transforms data into information Importance of Database Design ◦ Defines the database’s expected use ◦ different approach needed for different types of databases ◦ Avoid data redundancy & ensure data integrity ◦ data is accurate and verifiable ◦ Poorly designed database generates errors ◦ leads to bad decisions ◦ can lead to failure of organization Functions of DBMS/Database System ◦ Stores data and related data entry forms, report definitions, etc. ◦ Hides the complexities of relational database model from the user ◦ facilitates the construction/definition of data elements and their relationships ◦ enables data transformation and presentation ◦ Enforces data integrity ◦ Implements data security management ◦ access, privacy, backup & restoration 6
- 7. Database: How Planning & Analysis ◦ Assess ◦ Goal of the organization ◦ Database environment ◦ existing hardware, software, raw data, data processing procedures ◦ Identify ◦ Database needs ◦ what database can do to further the goal of the organization ◦ User needs and characteristics ◦ who the users are, what they want to do, how they envision doing it ◦ Database system requirements ◦ what the database system should do to satisfy the database and user needs Design ◦ From conceptual design to a detailed system specification Implementation ◦ Create the database Maintenance ◦ Troubleshoot, update, streamline the database 7
- 8. Business Rules What ◦ Brief, precise, and unambiguous descriptions of operations in an organization ◦ based on policies, procedures, or principles within a specific organization ◦ help to create and enforce actions within that organization’s environment ◦ apply to any organization that stores and uses data to generate information Why ◦ Enhance understanding & facilitate communication ◦ Standardize company’s view of data ◦ Constitute a communications tool between users and designers ◦ Allow designer to understand business process as well as the nature, role, and scope of data ◦ Promote creation of an accurate data model How (sources) ◦ Interviews ◦ Company managers ◦ Policy makers ◦ Department managers ◦ End users ◦ Written documentation ◦ Procedures, Standards, Operations manuals ◦ Observation ◦ Business operations 8
- 9. Database: User-centered Perspective ◦ The user is always right. If there is a problem with the use of the system, the system is the problem, not the user. Compliance ◦ The user has the right to a system that performs exactly as promised. Instruction ◦ The user has the right to easy-to-use instructions (user guides, online or contextual help, error messages) for understanding and utilizing a system to achieve desired goals and recover efficiently and gracefully from problem situations. Usability ◦ The user should be the master of software and hardware technology, not vice- versa. Products should be natural and intuitive to use. 9
- 10. Database: Data Models Importance ◦ Abstraction of complex real-world data structures in relative simple (graphical) representations ◦ Facilitate interaction among the designer, the applications programmer, and the end user Basic Building Blocks ◦ Entity ◦ thing about which data are to be collected and stored ◦ Attribute ◦ a characteristic of an entity ◦ Relationship ◦ describes an association among entities ◦ Constraint ◦ restrictions placed on the data 10