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© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
CHAPTER 7: INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
(SQL)
1. A database language enables the user to create database and table structures to perform basic data
management chores.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
2. A database language enables the user to perform complex queries designed to transform the raw data into
useful information.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
3. The ANSI prescribes a standard SQL–the current fully approved version is known as SQL-07.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. The ANSI SQL standards are also accepted by the ISO.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
5. SQL is considered difficult to learn; its command set has a vocabulary of more than 300 words.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
6. Data type selection is usually dictated by the nature of the data and by the intended use.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
7. Only numeric data types can be added and subtracted in SQL.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

Chapter 7: Introduction to Structured Query Language (SQL)
8. Entity integrity is enforced automatically when the primary key is specified in the CREATE TABLE
command sequence.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
9. The CHECK constraint is used to define a condition for the values that the attribute domain cannot have.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
10. SQL requires the use of the ADD command to enter data into a table.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
11. You cannot insert a row containing a null attribute value using SQL.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
12. To list the contents of a table, you must use the DISPLAY command.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
13. Any changes made to the contents of a table are not physically saved on disk until you use the SAVE <table
name> command.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
14. The COMMIT command does not permanently save all changes. In order to do that, you must use SAVE.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
15. If you have not yet used the COMMIT command to store the changes permanently in the database, you can
restore the database to its previous condition with the ROLLBACK command.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

16. All SQL commands must be issued on a single line.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
17. Although SQL commands can be grouped together on a single line, complex command sequences are best
shown on separate lines, with space between the SQL command and the command’s components.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
18. You can select partial table contents by naming the desired fields and by placing restrictions on the rows to be
included in the output.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
19. Oracle users can use the Access QBE (query by example) query generator.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
20. Mathematical operators cannot be used to place restrictions on character-based attributes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
21. String comparisons are made from left to right.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
22. Date procedures are often more software-specific than other SQL procedures.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
23. SQL allows the use of logical restrictions on its inquiries such as OR, AND, and NOT.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

24. ANSI-standard SQL allows the use of special operators in conjunction with the WHERE clause.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
25. The conditional LIKE must be used in conjunction with wildcard characters.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
26. Most SQL implementations yield case-insensitive searches.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
27. Some RDBMSs, such as Microsoft Access, automatically make the necessary conversions to eliminate case
sensitivity.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
28. The COUNT function is designed to tally the number of non-null "values" of an attribute, and is often used in
conjunction with the DISTINCT clause.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
29. An alias cannot be used when a table is required to be joined to itself in a recursive query.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
30. When joining three or more tables, you need to specify a join condition for one pair of tables.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
31. The current fully approved version of standard SQL prescribed by the ANSI is .
a. SQL-99 b. SQL-2003
c. SQL-4 d. SQL-07
ANSWER: b

32. The data format for SQL character is .
a. CHAR and VARCHAR b. VARCHAR only
c. alphanumeric d. CHAR only
ANSWER: a
33. The SQL command that allows a user to insert rows into a table is .
a. INSERT b. SELECT
c. COMMIT d. UPDATE
ANSWER: a
34. The SQL command that allows a user to permanently save data changes is .
a. INSERT b. SELECT
c. COMMIT d. UPDATE
ANSWER: c
35. The SQL command that allows a user to list the contents of a table is .
a. INSERT b. SELECT
c. COMMIT d. UPDATE
ANSWER: b
36. To list all the contents of the PRODUCT table, a user would use .
a. LIST * FROM PRODUCT b. SELECT * FROM PRODUCT
c. DISPLAY * FROM PRODUCT d. SELECT ALL FROM PRODUCT
ANSWER: b
37. In Oracle, the command is used to change the display for a column, for example, to place a $ in front of
a numeric value.
a. DISPLAY b. FORMAT
c. CHAR d. CONVERT
ANSWER: b
38. The SQL command that modifies an attribute’s values in one or more table’s rows is _____.
a. INSERT b. SELECT
c. COMMIT d. UPDATE
ANSWER: d

39. UPDATE tablename
*****
[WHERE conditionlist];
The command replaces the ***** in the syntax of the UPDATE command, shown above.
a. SET columnname = expression b. columnname = expression
c. expression = columnname d. LET columnname = expression
ANSWER: a
40. An example of a command a user would use when making changes to a PRODUCT table is .
a. CHANGE PRODUCT
SET P_INDATE = ‘18-JAN-2004’
WHERE P_CODE = ‘13-Q2/P2’;
b. ROLLBACK PRODUCT
c. EDIT PRODUCT
d. UPDATE PRODUCT
ANSWER: d
41. The command is used to restore the database to its previous condition.
a. COMMIT; RESTORE; b. COMMIT; BACKUP;
c. COMMIT; ROLLBACK; d. ROLLBACK;
ANSWER: d
42. Some RDBMSs, such as Oracle, automatically data changes when issuing data definition commands.
a. COMMIT b. ROLLBACK
c. UNSAVE d. UPDATE
ANSWER: a
43. To remove a row from the PRODUCT table, one must use the command.
a. COMMIT b. DELETE
c. ERASE d. KILL
ANSWER: b
44. When a user issues the DELETE FROM tablename command without specifying a WHERE condition, .
a. no rows will be deleted b. the first row will be deleted
c. the last row will be deleted d. all rows will be deleted
ANSWER: d

45. Which of the following is used to select partial table contents?
a. SELECT <column(s)>
FROM <Table name>
BY <Conditions>;
b. LIST <column(s)>
FROM <Table name>
BY <Conditions>;
c. SELECT <column(s)>
FROM <Table name>
WHERE <Conditions>;
d. LIST<column(s)>
FROM <Table name>
WHERE <Conditions>;
ANSWER: c
46. The command would be used to delete the table row where the P_CODE is ‘BRT-345’.
a. DELETE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE P_CODE = ‘BRT-345’;
b. REMOVE FROM PRODUCT WHERE
P_CODE = ‘BRT-345’;
c. ERASE FROM PRODUCT
d. ROLLBACK FROM PRODUCT
ANSWER: a
47. A(n) is a query that is embedded (or nested) inside another query.
a. alias b. operator
c. subquery d. view
ANSWER: c
48. Which of the following queries will output the table contents when the value of V_CODE is equal to 21344?
a. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE, V_CODE
FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE <> 21344;
b. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE, V_CODE
FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE <= 21344;
c. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE, V_CODE
FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE = 21344;
d. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE, V_CODE
FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE => 21344;
ANSWER: c

49. Which of the following queries will output the table contents when the value of V_CODE is not equal to
21344?
a. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE,
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE <> 21344;
b. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE,
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE <= 21344;
c. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE,
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE = 21344;
d. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, P_PRICE,
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE => 21344;
ANSWER: a
50. Which of the following queries will output the table contents when the value of P_PRICE is less than or
equal to 10?
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE P_PRICE <> 10;
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE P_PRICE <= 10;
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE P_PRICE => 10;
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE P_PRICE = 10;
ANSWER: b

51. Which of the following queries will output the table contents when the value of the character field P_CODE is
alphabetically less than 1558-QW1?
a. SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN,
P_PRICE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE P_CODE <‘1558-QW1’;
b. SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN,
WHERE P_CODE = [1558-QW1];
c. SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN,
WHERE P_CODE = (1558-QW1);
d. SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN,
WHERE P_CODE = {1558-QW1};
ANSWER: a
52. Which of the following queries will list all the rows in which the inventory stock dates occur on or after
January 20, 2010?
a. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN, P_PRICE,
P_INDATE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE P_INDATE >= ‘20-JAN-2010’;
b. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN, P_PRICE,
WHERE P_INDATE >= $20-JAN-2010$;
c. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN, P_PRICE,
WHERE P_INDATE <= ‘20-JAN-2010’;
d. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_MIN, P_PRICE,
WHERE P_INDATE >= {20-JAN-2010};
ANSWER: a
53. Which of the following queries will use the given columns and column aliases from the PRODUCT
table to determine the total value of inventory held on hand?
a. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE,
P_QOH/P_PRICE FROM PRODUCT;
b. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE,
P_QOH=P_PRICE FROM PRODUCT;
c. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE,
P_QOH*P_PRICE FROM PRODUCT;
d. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE, P_QOH-
P_PRICE FROM PRODUCT;
ANSWER: c

54. A(n) is an alternate name given to a column or table in any SQL statement.
a. alias b. data type
c. stored function d. trigger
ANSWER: a
55. Which of the following queries will use the given columns and column aliases from the PRODUCT table to
determine the total value of inventory held on hand and display the results in a column labeled TOTVALUE?
a. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE, P_QOH*P_PRICE AS
TOTVALUE FROM PRODUCT;
b. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE, P_QOH=P_PRICE AS
c. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE, P_QOH/P_PRICE AS
d. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_QOH, P_PRICE, P_QOH-P_PRICE AS
ANSWER: a
56. Which of the following queries uses the correct SQL syntax to list the table contents for either V_CODE =
21344 or V_CODE = 24288?
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE =
21344 OR V_CODE
<= 24288;
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE =
21344 OR V_CODE
=> 24288;
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE =
21344 OR
V_CODE > 24288;
V_CODE FROM PRODUCT
WHERE V_CODE =
21344 OR
V_CODE = 24288;
ANSWER: d

57. The special operator used to check whether an attribute value is within a range of values is .
a. BETWEEN b. NULL
c. LIKE d. IN
ANSWER: a
58. The special operator is used to check whether an attribute value is null.
a. BETWEEN b. IS NULL
c. LIKE d. NOT NULL
ANSWER: b
59. The special operator used to check whether an attribute value matches a given string pattern is .
a. BETWEEN b. IS NULL
c. LIKE d. IN
ANSWER: c
60. The special operator used to check whether a subquery returns any rows is .
a. BETWEEN b. EXISTS
c. LIKE d. IN
ANSWER: b
61. The command is used with the ALTER TABLE command to modify the table by deleting a column.
a. DROP b. REMOVE
c. DELETE d. ERASE
ANSWER: a
62. A table can be deleted from the database by using the command.
a. DROP TABLE b. DELETE TABLE
c. MODIFY TABLE d. ERASE TABLE
ANSWER: a

63. The query used to list the P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE, and P_PRICE fields from the PRODUCT
table in ascending order by P_PRICE is .
a. SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE,
SEQUENCE BY P_PRICE;
b. SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE,
LIST BY P_PRICE;
c. SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE,
ORDER BY P_PRICE;
d. SELECT P_CODE, P_DESCRIPT, P_INDATE,
ASCENDING BY P_PRICE;
ANSWER: c
64. The SQL query to output the contents of the EMPLOYEE table sorted by last name, first name, and initial is
_____.
a. SELECT EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL, EMP_AREACODE,
EMP_PHONE FROM EMPLOYEE
LIST BY EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL;
b. SELECT EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL, EMP_AREACODE,
ORDER BY EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL;
c. SELECT EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL, EMP_AREACODE,
DISPLAY BY EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL;
d. SELECT EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL, EMP_AREACODE,
SEQUENCE BY EMP_LNAME, EMP_FNAME, EMP_INITIAL;
ANSWER: b

65. Which of the following queries is used to list a unique value for V_CODE, where the list will produce only a
list of those values that are different from one another?
a. SELECT ONLY V_CODE
FROM PRODUCT;
b. SELECT UNIQUE
V_CODE FROM
PRODUCT;
c. SELECT DIFFERENT
V_CODE FROM
PRODUCT;
d. SELECT DISTINCT
V_CODE FROM
PRODUCT;
ANSWER: d
66. The SQL aggregate function that gives the number of rows containing non-null values for a given column is
.
a. COUNT b. MIN
c. MAX d. SUM
ANSWER: a
67. The SQL aggregate function that gives the total of all values for a selected attribute in a given column is
.
a. COUNT b. MIN
c. MAX d. SUM
ANSWER: d
68. The SQL aggregate function that gives the arithmetic mean for a specific column is .
a. COUNT b. AVG
c. MAX d. SUM
ANSWER: b

69. The query to join the P_DESCRIPT and P_PRICE fields from the PRODUCT table and the V_NAME,
V_AREACODE, V_PHONE, and V_CONTACT fields from the VENDOR table where the values of
V_CODE match is .
a. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE, V_NAME, V_CONTACT, V_AREACODE,
V_PHONE FROM PRODUCT, VENDOR
WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE <> VENDOR.V_CODE;
b. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE, V_NAME, V_CONTACT, V_AREACODE,
WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE = VENDOR.V_CODE;
c. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE, V_NAME, V_CONTACT, V_AREACODE,
WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE <= VENDOR.V_CODE;
d. SELECT P_DESCRIPT, P_PRICE, V_NAME, V_CONTACT, V_AREACODE,
WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE => VENDOR.V_CODE;
ANSWER: b
70. The query to join the P_DESCRIPT and P_PRICE fields from the PRODUCT table and the V_NAME,
V_AREACODE, V_PHONE and V_CONTACT fields from the VENDOR table, where the values of
V_CODE match and the output is ordered by the price is .
a. SELECT PRODUCT.P_DESCRIPT, PRODUCT.P_PRICE,
VENDOR.V_NAME, VENDOR.V_CONTACT, VENDOR.V_AREACODE,
VENDOR.V_PHONE
FROM PRODUCT, VENDOR
WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE <> VENDOR.V_CODE;
ORDER BY PRODUCT.P_PRICE;
b. SELECT PRODUCT.P_DESCRIPT, PRODUCT.P_PRICE,
VENDOR.V_PHONE
WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE => VENDOR.V_CODE;
c. SELECT PRODUCT.P_DESCRIPT, PRODUCT.P_PRICE,
VENDOR.V_PHONE
WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE <= VENDOR.V_CODE;
d. SELECT PRODUCT.P_DESCRIPT, PRODUCT.P_PRICE,
VENDOR.V_NAME, VENDOR.V_CONTACT,
VENDOR.V_AREACODE, VENDOR.V_PHONE
WHERE PRODUCT.V_CODE = VENDOR.V_CODE;
ANSWER: d

71. The SQL data manipulation command HAVING:
a. restricts the selection of rows based on a conditional expression.
b. restricts the selection of grouped rows based on a condition.
c. modifies an attribute’s values in one or more table’s rows.
d. groups the selected rows based on one or more attributes.
ANSWER: b
72. The constraint assigns a value to an attribute when a new row is added to a table.
a. CHECK
b. UNIQUE
c. NOT NULL
d. DEFAULT
ANSWER: d
73. The syntax for creating an index is .
a. CREATE [NOT NULL] INDEX indexname FROM viewname(column1 [, column2]);
b. CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX indexname ON tablename( column1 [, column2]);
c. CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX indexname FROM tablename(column1 [, column2]);
d. CREATE [DEFAULT] INDEX indexname ON viewname(column1 [, column2]);
ANSWER: b
74. According to the rules of precedence, which of the following computations should be completed first?
a. Performing additions and subtractions
b. Performing multiplications and divisions
c. Performing operations within parentheses
d. Performing power operations
ANSWER: c
75. All changes in a table structure are made using the command, followed by a keyword that produces the
specific changes a user wants to make.
a. ALTER TABLE
b. UPDATE TABLE
c. COMMIT TABLE
d. ROLLBACK TABLE
ANSWER: a
76. In the SQL environment, the word covers both questions and actions.
ANSWER: query

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handle this force, intimating that great conservation of energy in
other directions should accompany the endeavor.
His mother spoke of his being happy, and he returned: “Perfectly
happy now, thank you. It’s the eternal thing, really started. I hate to
have this party break up, but anyhow it isn’t for long. I’ve been away
longer, when I lived there, than I shall be now, and we are all of us
as sure of the next meeting, and the next good time, as we were
then.”
“He knows it is ending, and we must go to our trains,” Mrs.
Gaylord said.
“Not ending at all. Beginning! Hooray!”
On that triumphant note they took their departure, Mrs. Gaylord
westward bound, the Wylies to New England; but, owing to a
defective timepiece, both missed their trains. Within an hour, Mrs.
Wylie telephoned me that her mother had caught—by the narrowest
margin—a later train, hoping to secure sleeping-accommodation
after leaving, a dubious venture in these days of diminished service
and crowded trains. We arranged to dine and spend the evening
together.
Afterward, it occurred to me that Frederick might prefer to be with
his mother that night, and I asked Mary K. about it.
“Frederick has engaged his mother in (O) ...”
“What does that mean now?” I interrupted. “Bliss?”
“Yes ... and will come here to-night to see the others.”

III
Like the rest of the family, Mrs. Wylie feared the effect of the
Western visit upon her mother’s new-found tranquillity of spirit, and
she was also uneasy lest Mrs. Gaylord had been unable to secure
Pullman accommodations.
“Mother is all right and happy,” Frederick told us, in the evening.
“She is still reading her precious book”—a copy of his earlier
interviews, which she carried with her.
Some one asked whether he meant that her general condition was
“all right,” or that she was “all right” on the train.
“On the train. She’s blissful!”
This was verified a day or two later by a letter from Mrs. Gaylord,
in which she said: “I came away filled with strength and calm and
joy.” She also mentioned casually that she had found a vacant
section on the train, and traveled comfortably.
“How does purpose combat forces of evil?” Mr. Wylie asked.
“It is done by overpowering them, as the sun dispels mist,
separating them into smaller particles or units. And when that is
impossible, by driving them like clouds before a high wind. They
work for evil, but can be separated sometimes from the mass and
united with constructive forces. Only small fragments of the main
forces can be so converted, at present. Mostly we rout them.”
“Does an evil soul lose personality?” his sister questioned. “Is it
absorbed, or broken into fragments?”
“The individuality that finds its first expression in your life is never
absorbed or broken up. I speak of the forces of disintegration,
composed of more individuals than the greatest army, as being
routed. We mass ourselves and our purposes against them and
theirs, when we fight in the open here. But as has been explained in
the Lessons, the very material form you have was originally an effort

to evolve a force not conquerable by purpose alone. Both good and
evil forces, in your phrase—constructive and destructive, in ours—
took possession of these concrete forms, and now the bitterness of
the fight is greatest where both forces are represented in one
individual. The only way we can fight that effectively is to sit on the
job, and try to call to the purpose that is ours more clearly and
appealingly, or more commandingly, than the other fellow does.
That’s the reason we are begging you now to work with us. A great
crisis is at hand, and we want you to meet it consciously in your life
there, knowing its nature, so that we can have your help, not only in
withstanding material onslaughts, like Germany’s invasions and
brutality, but in things of the spirit—the real things, the eternal
things—so that together we may win a real victory. The individual
whose purposes are fundamentally destructive is not damned nor
lost. He is just delayed. Sooner or later he must work his way up,
and it is entirely up to him whether he does it sooner or later—after
he reaches this life, especially. In your life, he is sometimes confused
or misled. He pays for that, too—not pays, but makes good for it, by
working here for the development he had not sense enough to take
there. But his delay is brief, beside that of the essentially destructive
force.”
A little later, Mrs. Wylie spoke again of her uneasiness about her
mother’s visit to K——, and some one suggested telegraphing her
that Frederick had been with us that evening.
“Give her my love when you wire,” he directed, “and tell her I’m
on the crossing, still ringing that bell. Don’t you worry, Sis. I’ll go
and stay with her most of the time she’s there, and she’ll know it. I’ll
come to you, Easter, too, for a little while.... Tell Dad I’ll be taking
care of Mother. He needn’t fret about it.”
“Do you want me to look up ‘Bob’ and tell him about his little girl?”
she asked.
He replied, “Yes, do.” And when she asked if he could give her
something more definite than a Christian name by which to trace
this unknown man among his large and scattered acquaintance, he

wrote the name of a Middle Western city, adding: “You can find out
from the fellows. All of them know Bob.”
This seems to be a case of marked deflection of ray, to use Mr.
Kendal’s simile, for up to the day when this manuscript goes to the
printer the Gaylord family have been unable to identify “Bob,”
although there was a confused intimation, late in April, that Mrs. Z
—— had made a mistake in the name, and a suggestion that the
surname was Roberts. It is not impossible that this was one of those
wily incursions of disintegrating force, with intent to confuse, to
which we afterward grew accustomed.
On Friday and Saturday of that week (March 29th and 30th), there
were interviews of great interest, but of too personal a character to
be extensively quoted.
Replying to the inquiry of a man for his father, Mary K. said: “He
was a great force here, but has passed on into the life beyond ours.
He can and will return to talk to you, but not immediately.”
“Tell G—— the constructive forces are working for him, as he for
them,” was the answer to questions about a man in this life.
“Temporary disappointments are unimportant. Do not fear. We build
together, and surely. The result is certain and for his purpose—
progress, light, and justice. His individual concern is to have faith,
follow his purpose, and trust us. The only failure possible comes
from admitting doubt, disintegration, and fear.”
An expression of anxiety concerning another man on this plane
was met thus: “N—— has felt his own purpose stirring a little.... A
perfectly good purpose when he finds it. He has had many forces
fighting, within and without. He will wake when this message is
given to the world. He is too intelligent not to recognize truth as
obvious as this will be.” Some one asked when this would occur.
“When Margaret completes the book she will publish soon.” This was
the first intimation of the way in which I was expected to carry out
Mary K.’s instructions to make this experience known, concerning
which we had wondered not a little.

It was suggested that a member of this person’s family might help
him, from the next plane, but this was said to be impossible, as they
were not of the same purpose.
“The family connection is nothing here. His own purposes know
him, both good and bad, and they are fighting it out. He has
answered first one, then another. But fundamentally he is for justice.
He will answer to that in the end.... Sometimes he will shut it all out
and yield to the forces seeking to destroy him, but he will fight in the
end for freedom and justice.”
“She is not of our forces,” was the reply to an inquiry about an
artist who left this life twenty years ago. This was crossed out,
however, and “not mentally free” substituted.
When I was alone, I asked Mary K. about this woman, and she
returned: “She is not a destructive force, but is deterrent. She is
working out problems not met when she should have met them, and
is fighting for growth, just as she soon or late will fight for progress.
She fights for herself, her own growth, and not for progress in the
larger sense.”
Afterward, I learned, from some one who knew her well, of this
woman’s devouring and unquenchable ambition for supremacy in her
profession.
Whimsical Anne Lowe, writing to three friends of her continued
association with them, said: “Believe—know—that we are a positive
force, and united we stand, hurrah! Our faith helps all beneficent
purpose. Its force is freed and multiplied by the sum of your
participation.”
“I wonder if she could tell us what our purposes are?” Elizabeth
said.
“Yours is Progress, Ruth’s is Light, Katharine’s is Healing and Light.
You are blended. Elizabeth to push, Ruth to illumine and interpret,
Katharine to understand and soothe.”
Ruth said, wistfully: “Then all I can do is to shine?”

“Interpreters are really prophets,” she was told. “That is all the
greatest prophets ever were. You are of their purpose, so cheer up!”
Interrupting a little discussion as to whether dominant purpose is
born in us or developed, she said: “We are born with many
purposes, latent and striving, but as we live we make daily choice.”
That evening, our old friend Maynard Holt came for a long talk.
After some entirely personal exchange, Cass spoke of Maynard as
having been, in this life, a believer in individualism.
Beginning with some allusion to former discussions between them,
concerning what he called “the temporary manifestations of
Socialism,” Maynard replied: “Now I can tell you definitely that the
salvation of the civilized world is dependent on the independence of
the individual.... It’s a big and glorious period in eternal history. The
time has almost come for the open fight. Prepare your ground
carefully, and gird up your loins for combat. It’s coming.”
A little later, in a similar connection, he said: “The conscious co-
operation of purpose is the only sound principle of Socialism. That is
eternally sound. And now that we are consciously and forcefully
working in harmony with the great and eternal purpose, they can’t
stop us.”
“Has this new opportunity of communication with this plane made
you over there happier?” he was asked.
“It has opened an entirely new channel to us here in this part of
the world. In the Far East, we have the channel, but no hard-pan to
support the stream. Here science gives us a foundation from which
to work, but we have had no channel through which to reach it....
Everywhere in the civilized world the minds of intelligent people have
turned to this. There is reaching and questioning and longing, and a
dawning faith.”
At this time I did not know how frequently belief in the possibility
of communication with those in a life beyond is accompanied by an
inclination toward the Oriental philosophies, but Maynard’s allusion

to the Far East was given greater significance by the replies to later
questions.
To an inquiry concerning the possible influence of these teachings
in Germany, he returned: “They are a philosophical and abstract-
minded people, and they’ll be hunting a plausible and satisfactory
explanation of themselves before long. And this is less
uncomplimentary than the others will be, besides having the
undeniable advantage of being true, which they will have learned, by
that time, to appreciate.”
“Can’t those with eyes, ears, and understanding learn wisely to
control, lead, and uplift the mass?” Cass asked. “In Russia, for
example?”
“Don’t be in such a hurry. There’s all eternity, and evolution is
slow. But the mills of the gods grind on, and the grist is sure. The
Russians, like the Germans, must climb their own hills. America has
a few to climb, too. This will help many, uplift a few, escape the
mass, but leaven the whole. There is no millennium at hand. This is
just a light by which the path is made more clear. It will influence
many thousands, in many countries, but the inert mass must work
its way on, through the old channels of evolution, made easier by
knowledge and by experience of those ahead, but not to be evaded
or avoided by any miracle.”
“But it will bring conscious purpose and effort to bear in helping
this evolution?”
“Surely. It is a message eagerly awaited and desired.”
Later that evening, I asked Mary K. whether she could tell me
anything about the book Anne Lowe had said I was to publish.
“Yes. It must be ready for publication by Fall.”
“Evidently sordid, material details of book manufacture escape
your attention,” I said, laughing. “This is the thirtieth of March, and
you have not yet given me all the material for your book. When you
have done that, it still must be edited, assembled for publication,

copied, accepted by publishers, printed, and sold. Perhaps you don’t
know that salesmen for publishing-houses begin taking orders for
Fall publications in June, and generally carry sample copies of the
books with them?”
She said I would have the necessary material in a month or six
weeks, and that editing would “take another month,” from which it is
evident that no eight-hour law is operative on her plane. She also
advised me to see publishers at once, tell them what was
happening, read them parts of communications already received,
and arrange for Fall publication, conditional upon their satisfaction
with the completed manuscript—which, not without misgivings
concerning such procedure, I immediately prepared to act upon.
A night or so later, Maynard Holt came again, with his mother, who
said: “Maynard brought me to call.”
When we asked if she worked with those on this plane, she
replied: “Yes, but also with undeveloped purposes, here before their
time.”
Returning to the subject of Russian upheaval, Maynard said: “They
are goners for some time, now. It will take them long to assemble
their purposes again constructively.”
“If you had been here,” Cass asked, “would you have viewed the
Russian situation and its effect on the world as you do now?”
“Not quite, I think. We see farther ahead, and have sounder
premises from which to argue than you’ve ever had there.”
“This plan, of course, includes all the people of the world,” Cass
continued. “Are those who leave here undeveloped, still undeveloped
there?”
“There is a large and growing population here of the
undeveloped,” was Maynard’s reply, “which is one of the lesser
reasons for our keen desire to purposize the world.”

IV
“What place have the unfit on your plane?” we asked Mary K., at
the conclusion of the sixth Lesson.
“No place. They are errors of development, and have a long
struggle ahead before they can reach the degree of development
that should have been theirs in your life. They are fusions of weak
purposes, and should not be permitted to hold back the strong and
the fit. Development will come to them slowly, at best, but more
quickly here than there.”
“In the present stage of our development, is there a sufficient
incentive to progress, without hope of material gain or personal
improvement?”
“Any material gain that is for the constructive purpose is a force
for light and progress in the larger sense. Material gain is deterrent
only when purpose is its price. Personal ambition is an incentive
always. When it is for personal gain, at any price, it is deterrent.
When it is ambition to serve a great purpose worthily, it becomes a
constructive force, to which material gain adds only more
constructive force.”
“Have you all history spread out before you? Or are you taught
after you get there?”
“We have a grasp of results, not easily understood in your life. It is
like seeing a landscape from a high and distant hill. The salient
features are easily distinguished.”
“Are these messages for all people? Or only for civilized people?
Do they come from Christians on your plane?”
“This is a message to the civilized world.... Jew or Gentile,
Christian or agnostic, all men are brothers in the larger sense.
Uncivilized little brothers will grow, or come to this freer plane to join
their larger purposes.”
“Then from whom do these Lessons come?”

“From great constructive purposes. There is no sect or creed, color
or prejudice, here.”
Saturday, April 6th, Mrs. Bruce came again to talk to her husband,
and he thanked her for a public gift which she had just made in his
name, promising such co-operation in the work it promoted as could
be given from his plane. She said that she had felt suddenly impelled
to make this contribution, and had acted at once upon the impulse.
“You all feel impelled to work with us as soon as you realize we
are here near you,” he told her, “and the things we can do together
are as yet undreamed in your life.”
She spoke of his former interest in the arts, which he said he had
left behind as “material manifestations.” Discussing the relation of
artistic expression to constructive purpose, he said: “Art, when it is a
real interpretation of life, is a high and noble thing, but the art that
is merely self-expression is a disintegrating force. Too much of it is
that now.”
At that time, she had read none of the Lessons, and he told her of
the seven purposes of construction, continuing: “To purpose of any
nature only similar purpose calls, and when the call is heard there is
no choice but to answer. No choice after the call has been admitted
to consciousness. It may be shut out and denied, but once listened
to, whether for construction or for destruction, the answer is bound
to come. That is why we so insistently urge the discovery of purpose
and the beauty of construction. Character, as you understand it,
results from the purposes admitted to consciousness. Not always
recognized, but always let in.”
He had some difficulty in getting one word written, and she spoke
of his erasures of wrong starts as extraordinary and unusual.
“Not a bit unusual, if you think how often the words of your
languages fail as convincing and accurate symbols. You often correct
them yourselves. A translation may be made in any of several ways,
depending on the reactions of the translator to certain symbols. So,

when Margaret reacts freely, we let it stand. When she fails, wholly
or in part, we correct it.”
In view of later statements concerning the force used in these
manifestations, I assume this to mean, not that I make the
translation mentioned, but that certain symbols used in translation
are sometimes difficult to convey through me. Frequently other
words have been substituted for those originally begun, when there
was trouble in writing them. Another explanation of these occasional
difficulties of transmission was suggested afterward, first by
Frederick and later more explicitly by Mary Kendal.
“Do you see us visibly?” Mrs. Bruce asked.
“Yes, of course. We see all you do, and more. We see motives,
where you see appearance.”
[Long afterward (May 26th), Mr. Kendal asked Anne Lowe whether
she could see sunsets, and she replied: “No, but we see their
equivalent in dawn of purpose.”
[She had previously expressed approval of a room, which had
been arranged with great care for one dear to her, and he asked
whether she saw its physical details, or only its effects upon the
minds of persons entering it, to which her answer was: “We never
see material things. We see their significance.”
[Similarly, Mary K. said (May 31st), “We read your thought
frequently, and always perceive motive, intention, and the mental
and spiritual significance of your reactions to material things, in
themselves unimportant. So we say we see the thing itself, because
we perceive its essential significance.”]
Mrs. Bruce said her daughter wanted to know whether dogs
continue to exist after life here, feeling that they must.
“They do not come as animals, exactly. But there is no
manifestation of force that is not purpose, and purposes are united
and gather here, in ways not possible for you to understand, in the

progress toward the great purpose.” Ten days later, Frederick stated
this more explicitly.
After a pause, Mr. Bruce said: “We are so full of our fine but
tremendous task here, at this great moment of crisis, that I’m afraid
I’m not very entertaining. We talk shop to you, because that is the
reason we can come so freely now.”
“You refer to the great crisis?” she asked. “Not to our present
crisis here?”
“Germany is bereft of all purpose. Purposes of destruction have
left her. She has one sole, frantic force remaining—fear. After that,
destruction, long followed, will turn and rend her, and fear will be
lost in despair.”
“Aren’t there some good Germans?” she suggested, adding that
their daughter thought it unfair to condemn a whole people for the
sins of some of them.
“Many good Germans have admitted to consciousness the call of
destructive purposes, and have for the moment joined forces against
us. For many years this preparation has been going on. No German
who has ever admitted the forces of disintegration is quite free from
them now. There were some officers who took their own lives and
faced the consequences, rather than join forces with the dominant
purpose of their people. No person can live in Germany now who is
not party to disintegration. No German lives in the world, who still
calls himself German, who is not party to disintegration.”
“You say they have ‘joined forces against us for the moment,’” I
mentioned.
“Some of them will see light, and build forcefully for true progress.
Some of them will destroy while they live. Some will be for years
deterrent, and the end is impossible to foresee.”
A day or two after this, when I was alone, I asked Mary K. what
Mr. Bruce meant by saying that once the call of purpose is admitted
to consciousness, there is no choice but to answer.

“He meant that your personal struggle is only with the purposes
admitted to consciousness. All forces are constantly trying to reach
you, to enlist you for the great struggle. Once admitted to your
consciousness, you have no choice but to answer, and the struggle
between opposing forces is fought with your help. Many waver
between the two, now lending aid to this one, now to that. A few
choose instantly; some to progress, some to delay, some to build,
some to destroy. This is what men call character.”
“He said also that no German who has ever admitted to
consciousness the forces of disintegration is quite free from them
now. Why?”
“Because there is in your life, as here, a group loyalty. But
whereas here we are grouped by purpose, there you are grouped
largely by geographical location. And any German who justified this
war in the beginning is party to disintegration to some extent still.
His group loyalty holds him, though his purpose protest. That will be
the final test. Purpose, or finite loyalty to finite group.”
One or two interesting statements were made, about this time,
during an interview with the widow of a well-known New York
surgeon.
“Your husband’s work is healing still,” Mary K. told her. After
enumerating the constructive purposes, she continued: “Healing was
always his purpose, and he follows it still, with all his great force. He
has a freer field here, and fulfils his purpose fully. That is the reason
he is unable to be here to-day. The Germans are liberating many
bewildered and fear-stricken souls, and all our great healers are held
by their need.”
When we spoke of ways of finding happiness she said: “Who fears
the purpose he should serve with force destroys it. Fear not. Find it,
serve it, and happiness of a positive kind will find you.... Your force
is scattered among many latent purposes. Find the dominant call of
Progress to your soul, and follow that, leaving the rest behind.”

Again, a day or two later, the present preoccupation of healers on
the next plane was mentioned, when I asked Mary K. whether a
certain woman would come at a given time to meet friends who had
asked for her.
“She may. I shall try to have her here,” she said. “Her work is
healing, and all our healers are working constantly.... She was an
artist with you, and somewhat deterrent. She has found a new
purpose.”
The day before the last Lessons were given, Maynard Holt,
explaining to a friend the seven purposes, said: “Every Human being
who is for progress and construction serves one or more of these
purposes. It is by them that what you know as human force is
ultimately grouped for eternal advance. Our effort now is to unite all
forces for Progress in conscious co-operation.” After speaking of
Germany’s unity of purpose, he went on: “She is, and has been for
years, the center of forces and purposes of disintegration in your
life. She is, in theological parlance, the ally of his Satanic Majesty.
We have learned here that there is no evil, per se. There is only
purpose, constructive or destructive.... But the forces of
disintegration are gathering for a battle of wits and morals, and we
are emulating Germany in just one thing.... We are preparing. We
want you to wake up and realize what is going on. We want every
one of you to find and recognize not only your own purpose, but the
other fellow’s. Find out who is for progress, and who merely
camouflages disintegration. Conscious co-operation of constructive
purpose is warranted to beat the devil. He can’t defeat it, nor yet
delay it. (O) That is what it means to all of us.... Come on in. The
water’s fine!”
V

As has been said, our invisible friends have seemed somewhat
hazy in their perceptions of time and place and of mundane details
generally, and they have shown no inclination to concern themselves
with our trivial personal affairs. When pressed for specific
statements about small details, their replies have been sometimes in
exact accordance with the fact as we have perceived it, sometimes
not, but they have rarely diverged widely from the truth. In the
larger matters directly related to spiritual unity and growth they have
been correct, as when Mary K. explicitly stated, March 23d (already
quoted), that the German offensive then in progress and up to that
time successful would ultimately fail.
On one occasion, apropos of certain questions her husband had
asked, Mary Kendal said: “We are not here to satisfy intellectual or
any other kind of curiosity. If we were not sure you would use this
information for construction, we wouldn’t fuss about it—except you
and I, Manzie.”
Several times during March and April, however, Mary K. gave me
correct and specific information about various minor affairs, and
these incidents are mentioned here because I have been asked
repeatedly whether such statements had been made and verified,
rather than because undue importance is attached to them.
For example, hastening to an appointment one morning (March
29th), I carelessly left my muff in a taxicab. Discovering the loss an
hour later, I telephoned to the cab company, to be told that no
report had been received from the cabman, but that they would try
to locate him at one of their various stands. It was arranged that I
should call at their office for it late in the afternoon, had it been
found.
During luncheon, which I took at a restaurant, Mary K. indicated
that she had something to say, and on the back of an envelop wrote:
“Your muff is found for you.” Two hours later, when I reached home,
the muff had been returned by the cabman.

Another incident, less accurate in detail, but substantially correct,
concerned Mr. Kendal and my record-book. Having had, during his
brief stay in New York, no leisure in which to read the record—which
then contained only the genesis of this experience, Frederick’s first
interviews with his mother, and some messages from Mary Kendal
not included in my letters to her husband—he had taken the book
away with him (March 20th), and three or four days later I began
looking for its return. When, on the 29th or 30th (exact date not
noted), it had not arrived, I asked Mary K. whether she knew
anything about it, and she replied that it had been sent and would
probably reach me that day. At that time the record, wrapped and
addressed, lay on his desk, where he had left it with instructions that
it be mailed when he left home for the Easter week-end. It had been
overlooked, and he found it there when he returned on the following
Monday. Apparently Mary K. perceived only his intention and belief
that it was on its way to me.
On the 1st of April she told me that a letter concerning these
communications, then several days overdue, for which I waited with
great anxiety, had at last been written.
“Really written?” I asked. “Or is this one of those successfully
started things you regard as accomplished?”
“Really written.”
At the same time she promised me other letters, from persons
specifically named, and gave me certain information concerning a
member of the Gaylord family.
Two days later, when none of these letters had appeared, I said,
“Where are those letters you promised me?”
“The letters are coming, fearful and wonderful messenger,” she
humorously assured me. “You have not made a m ... fr ... friend ...
free ... fantom (O) friend in vain.”
Laughing, I asked: “Is ‘fantom friend’ right?”
She said it was.

Half an hour later the long-delayed letter arrived, and as she had
told me, it was dated April 1st. The other letters came later the
same day, the one from Mrs. Wylie verifying the information already
given by Mary K. about a member of her family.
On Monday, April 1st, I sent a copy of Frederick’s recent interviews
with his mother and sister to Mrs. Gaylord at K——, hoping that it
might reach her by Wednesday morning. Wednesday night Mary K.
told me that an expected letter from Mrs. Gaylord had not been
written, adding: “She waits for the record.” A week later, after a
happy visit in K——, Mrs. Gaylord returned to her home and notified
me that she had not received the manuscript from me. Fearing that
it had been lost in the mails, I asked Mary K. about it, and was told
that it would be received. This was repeated at intervals covering
several days.
When, on Monday, April 15th, two weeks from the day it had been
sent, it was missing still, I told Mary K. that it must have been lost.
“They shall have it soon,” she said. “It is not lost, but delayed.”
“Shall I make a duplicate for them?”
“You must trust us.”
“You are positive that it will arrive?”
“Yes, it will.”
It was delivered to Mrs. Gaylord the following day, April 16th.
On one occasion I asked Mary K. about a woman for whom I had
been requested to arrange an interview with a person on the next
plane, but about whom I knew nothing whatever.
“She is deterrent,” was the reply, and during the subsequent
interview, for the first time since the beginning of this experience, I
encountered an individual whose outlook and desire was limited to
the narrowly personal.
One of the most striking of these examples of specific information
occurred on the night of Tuesday, April 2d, the day of the Senatorial

elections.
Cass said: “Ask Mary K. whether she will answer a specific,
mundane question for me.” When she had written her name and
indicated her willingness, he inquired: “Who was elected in
Wisconsin to-day, Lenroot or Davies?”
“Are you there?” I questioned, when no reply came.
“Yes.”
After another delay, when the pencil wandered lightly and
aimlessly, she wrote: “Lenroot.” Supposing that she had finished, I
put the pencil aside, but she summoned me again, to add: “Lenroot
elected by latest count. Close in some places. We consider him
elected.” Cass looked at his watch. It was five minutes past twelve.
The next morning our papers announced Mr. Lenroot in the lead,
with final returns not yet received, and not until Cass reached his
office did we discover how truly “exclusive” our information had
been. He learned then that the suburban editions of several New
York City papers, which probably went to press about the time we
talked to Mary K., practically conceded the election to Mr. Davies,
reporting him ahead by returns then available.
Of many other specific statements that were either absolutely
correct, or so nearly correct that Mr. Kendal’s theory of a difference
of perceptive method might easily account for the error, one is
notable. On Sunday, May 19th, I asked Mary K. whether she could
tell me anything about the projected German drive.
“Yes. It will be fierce, but futile. All forces here see her doom, and
the war will last only as long as unsupported human endeavor can
endure against eternal purpose. Germany has no ally here. The
forces that have impelled her for these many years are overpowered
by world-purpose, and have left Germany to her destruction, while
they prepare to destroy the finest spiritual fruits of victory.”
Similarly, while writing to friends at the front of our entire
confidence in the outcome of the Picardy drive then in progress, May

30th, I paused to ask Mary K. whether she had anything more to say
about the war.
“Only that we are the victors. Germany does not win this drive,
either. Our forces rally, and the end is near. Defeat this time will
leave them despairing and afraid.”
To this Maynard Holt added, “All the forces have withstood the
blow and gather for the final and decisive defeat of Germany.”
VI
The actual existence of intelligent, invisible forces, constantly
doing battle for and against spiritual progress, through possession of
what we are wont to call our souls, was at first difficult for me to
accept literally, the idea being in direct opposition to my whole
mental tendency. While the theory was interesting, it seemed hardly
credible in its specific, individual application. However, I was soon
given a manifestation of the strength and pertinacity of the
disintegrating forces, which—although it ultimately strengthened my
conviction, proving highly corroborative—threatened for a time to
end this effort, as far as I was concerned.
The last two Lessons were given to me on the 12th of April, and it
had been arranged that Mr. T——, the representative of a publishing-
house, should come on the evening of the thirteenth for a
demonstration of the communication with the next plane. From the
day this arrangement was contemplated, frequent assertions were
made under Mary K.’s signature, concerning Mr. T—— and his
attitude toward this experience, many of which were afterward
proved untrue, and all of which I doubted, notwithstanding repeated
proofs, already quoted, of her general correctness of statement. Day
by day these messages grew more confusing, and I less able to
account for them by any theory then formed. That a deliberate

“drive” by malign powers was in progress never occurred to me, and
would have seemed too absurd to credit, even had I thought of it.
As there seemed to be no close tie between Mr. T—— and any of
those from whom he had expressed a desire to hear, no great
eagerness on either side to complete a circle of which each was a
part, I felt that the interview might present difficulties not
encountered before, and resolved to do no writing during the day,
reserving my strength for the evening’s work.
In the morning, however, I had occasion to ask Mary K. for some
brief information. Beginning, as usual, with her signature—
somewhat haltingly done—the pencil wrote quickly, but erratically:
“Mr. Farrow is dead.” This man is a business associate of Cass’s,
living abroad.
Startled, I thought I must have taken the message incorrectly, but
it was repeated.
“Mr. Farrow is dead. Cass will hear later.” When I insisted that this
could not be true, it was reiterated. “Yes, he is here, and b ... blon
... latter ... bewildered. Mary K.”
Our personal relations with Mr. Farrow, while pleasant, have never
been close, being based entirely upon a business connection, and
my affections were in no way responsible for my resistance to this
announcement, nor would our personal affairs have been in any way
influenced by his death. But I did not believe it.
“Farrow is here with us. May ... Mary K.” This signature was slow
and irresolute, beginning as Maynard and ending as Mary K., but
lacking the firmness of either—an indecision and inconsequence
characteristic, I have since learned, of disintegrating force in these
invasions.
“Was he killed in an accident?”
“No. Pneumonia. Maynard. Tell Cass.”
“Shall I telephone to Cass now?”

“No. I am watching over him. Maynard.”
The use of the word “dead” in this connection was surprising,
since the whole trend of former communications had been toward
elimination of the idea of death. Once more I asked Mary K. if they
were sure there had been no mistake.
“Yes. He is dead to your life.”
“You mean Farrow of P——? Not his brother? Or his son?”
“Yes, P——. It is true. You will hear soon. Cass must go there.”
I telephoned to Cass, saying nothing of this experience, and found
him in good spirits, proving that he had not heard of Mr. Farrow’s
death. Returning to the pencil, I told Mary K. I did not believe the
information was correct.
“Yes, he is dead. A telegram on the way to Cass. He will receive it
soon. Before one o’clock.”
Some time later, having heard nothing from Cass, I told Mary K.
again that there had been a mistake.
“No, it is true. Mr. Farrow of P—— is here with us. Cass will know
in a few minutes. He will telephone.”
I warned her then that my faith in her veracity was at stake, and
that while I could not doubt that Frederick, Mary Kendal, Maynard
Holt, and others, had communicated through me, I could not take
the responsibility of publishing anything she had told me unless I
could trust her in all things, adding: “If this is not true how can I be
sure that any of it is?”
“Mary K. It is true. Don’t doubt.”
I said I had no wish to doubt, but that unless this message came
from some other than Mary K., I could not believe her again, if it
proved, as I was sure it would, to be untrue. I began to suspect that
disintegrating forces were at work.
“It comes from the constructive force. Be confident. It perplexes
you.”

Later experience has taught me that while either force may be in
complete command at moments, during these struggles for control,
not infrequently a message begun by one is finished by the other.
During the three days of this first persistent attack, however, I held
no key to the mystery, and the occasional clearly constructive and
characteristic messages from Mary K. and Maynard Holt merely
added to my bewilderment and dismay. Yet never for one instant
during those three days did I accept the repeated statements of Mr.
Farrow’s death as true. Weeks afterward, Mary K. told me why I was
not deceived.
Since that time, too, I have learned more clearly to distinguish
personality by the degree and quality of force applied to the pencil,
which varies greatly with individuals, though it sometimes varies in
the same individual at different times. But in the first experience it
did not occur to me to apply that test of identification.
All that Saturday afternoon the argument went on at intervals, I
insisting that Mr. Farrow was not dead, the pencil reiterating that he
was.
At two o’clock Maynard said: “Believe in us, Margaret. We can help
you better.” It is evident now that this referred to the conflict with
the disintegrating force, but at the moment I misunderstood it and
reminded him of the many specific and inaccurate statements made,
during the past few days, regarding the man who was coming that
evening by appointment, asking if this were more misinformation of
the same sort, to which the reply was: “No, Farrow is here. He is
dazed, but will be taken care of.”
An hour later, I returned to the pencil, begging them to tell me,
before definite information reached me from other sources, that
there had been a mistake.
“Mary K. You must not doubt. We shall lose control of you if you
do.” When I said that what I sought was truth, she said: “I know,
but you doubt our control, and weaken it.”
“I also doubt my own correctness.”

“You are correct.” As, indeed, I was. Her message reached my
consciousness.
At three o’clock the insistence that Mr. Farrow was dead
continued, and attempts were made to explain former inaccuracies,
on the plea of a difference in plane, creating “errors in terms of finite
space.”
Shortly before five, it was said that Cass had received news of Mr.
Farrow’s death, and was on his way home. A few minutes later Mary
K. warned me again.
“You must not doubt.... You can’t be a messenger without faith.”
“How am I to know when you are telling the truth and when it is
error?”
“The truth is the truth, and you must learn to differentiate
between the planes.” I suspect that she intended the last word to be
“forces,” and that control was wrested from her before it was
written.
Resenting the whole confused situation, and entirely unable to
account for my conviction that this message was false, I said: “If
Cass tells me, when he comes home, that Mr. Farrow is dead, I will
believe anything you tell me in future. If he is not dead, I’ll have
nothing further to do with you or your book.”
“Mary K. You will go on with our work. He is dead.”
At this point, Cass arrived. He said that he had received neither
letter nor cablegram from Mr. Farrow for ten days, although an
expected and important letter from him was some time overdue.
This seemed to lend color to the report of his death, but my
conviction was unshaken.
From the beginning of these communications with the next plane,
although at times excessively fatigued, I had enjoyed an increasing
mental serenity, but with the first announcement of Mr. Farrow’s
death, this had given way to the peculiar nervous instability and
apprehension invariably accompanying these mischievous invasions.

By night my mind was in a turmoil and my nerves on edge, my
confidence shaken, my faith in the balance—which did not lessen the
difficulties of an interview prompted chiefly by intellectual interest.
Establishing connection with an unfamiliar personality is not easy, at
best, and frequently some time is required to obtain free
communication. On this occasion, instead of devoting the evening to
perfecting one connection, several persons were called, all but one
responding, and the messages, with one or two exceptions, were
unsatisfactory. There were vain and fatiguing efforts to write a name
unknown to any of us, and most of the efforts to obtain specific
evidential data were unsuccessful. Whether this was due to my own
lack of confidence, to interference by the enemy, or to the fact that
at no time have the individuals communicating through me
concerned themselves with personal and specific details—except
occasionally, for my own greater conviction—I do not know.
At midnight, when this interview was over and we were alone,
although wearied to the point of exhaustion, I asked again about Mr.
Farrow, receiving the same reply, with a variation to the effect that
the cablegram announcing his death had been delayed by the
censor, and with occasional phrases of appeal and encouragement—
merely intensifying my bewilderment—from Mary K. and Maynard.
“Are you sure you haven’t been away and let in disintegrating
forces?” I asked Mary K.
“No, we have been here. They can’t touch your purpose. Don’t
fear. You will be perfectly reassured soon,” was her reply, which, had
we but recognized it, was an intimation that disintegrating forces
had been in partial control in spite of all effort to overcome them.
Again I asked why the word “dead” had been used, and was told:
“That is what the cable to Cass says.” Which manifestly did not
explain.
Sunday morning, Maynard Holt’s familiar signature came at once,
followed by a long, personal message to a friend who was present,

steadily written, and pointed by an occasional characteristic turn of
phrase, indicating a clear and uninterrupted connection.
When this had been finished, Cass asked, “Shall I go to the office
for that cable?”
“It is not there.”
“It’s all a mistake?” I urged.
“Farrow is here.”
But I knew he was not there. Had he been present in the flesh, I
could not have been more certain that he had not left this plane.
All day we discussed the bearing of these persistent
misstatements—provided they were misstatements—upon the
experience as a whole, and I was oppressed, in addition to my
personal disappointment, by a sense of my responsibility to those
others to whom this new faith had brought active happiness and
hope. I had arranged to go to L—— on the following Tuesday, to
spend a few days with the Gaylord family; Mr. Kendal expected to
arrive in New York a week or ten days later, anticipating further
communication with his wife; and various other appointments were
pending. But though I could neither question the authenticity of
former personal communications, nor deny the constructive quality
of the Lessons, I felt that I could not continue to act as intermediary
if it were possible for persons like Mary K. and Maynard to lend
themselves to this sort of thing, nor could I encourage others to hold
a belief after it had become impossible to me.
In the afternoon, Mary K. told me to go to L—— as soon as
possible. When we asked about Mr. Farrow, Maynard’s signature
preceded the message.
“He is here. Why don’t you accept it?”
“I don’t know why I can’t,” was my reply. “Why don’t you convince
my mind, as you have at other times? Why don’t you make me feel
it? I can’t believe it’s true.”

“You have the statement of two friends.”
“You’ve been mistaken before in specific statements.”
“Only in those relating to dimensions of finite space, which we are
unable to gauge accurately.”
That evening, Mary K.’s signature came first. “You must see how
foolish it was to mistrust us,” the pencil wrote. “Mr. Farrow is here,
and Cass will learn of it soon.”
“Unless you take refuge again in that difference of plane,” I
commented, rather bitterly. “Why don’t you remember it before,
instead of after, the error it creates?”
“Because you should not distrust us.”
“But why not encourage me to trust you by remembering that
difference of plane in the first place?” I insisted. “Why be so explicit
about things you know may be inaccurately stated?”
“I do not deceive you intentionally. We feel that a thing certain of
accomplishment is done, and are frequently misled into premature
statements by the strength of intention, or purpose, or movement in
a given direction. We are accurate from our point of view, and not
always able to gauge yours.”
Admitting this to be conceivable, I said: “Now tell me about Mr.
Farrow.”
“Mr. Farrow is here with us. When Cass gets to the office in the
morning he will find the truth.” Again the signature was hesitating
and indefinite, first Maynard, then Mary K. I felt that neither of them
wrote it, but could not reconcile the frequent constructive
statements, urging faith and continuance of this work, to destructive
purpose, nor could I understand why, if Mary K. and Maynard were
present, they did not warn me of false statements by malign forces,
provided such were the case.
Monday morning, the situation was unchanged, save that the
statements were slightly elaborated. Repeatedly I asked whether

they were not confusing Mr. Farrow with some other member of his
family, or whether they had accepted serious illness as death.
A curious statement followed this suggestion, under Maynard’s
signature. “Farrow is both here and there. He is here in essence,
there in body.... He is both here and there for some time after
death.”
Immediately afterward, however, when I said that this sounded
preposterous, Mary K.’s name was written, with: “Mr. Farrow is here.
He is dead to you. Actually now dead. Go to L—— at once.”
“I can’t go to L——, with affairs in this state,” I told her.
“You will know soon. Wait.”
Maynard followed, with an appeal to “have faith,” adding: “It will
be clear soon.”
This went on, at intervals, until after two o’clock, when I had
promised an interview to a woman who had not visited me before.
Fully resolved to tell her that I could take no messages for her, I
made one last attempt to obtain the truth before her arrival—this
time with partial success.
“Maynard. It is a mistake ...”
At that moment, my guest arrived. I told her that I might be
unable to get any satisfactory communications for her, but her
daughter, who left this plane years ago, came at once, writing
steadily and clearly, with the exception of one brief interruption. She
told her mother of the seven purposes and their meaning, urging
her, as had all the others, to put herself consciously in touch with
constructive purpose, and to open her mind and spirit to those on
the next plane who were eager to work with her.
When I was again alone, I returned to the pencil, which wrote
quickly and strongly: “Maynard. It is a mistake about Farrow. The ...”
Here again the opposing forces evidently gained control. “Farrow
here, but not your Farrow.”

“Then why have you insisted that he was our Farrow?”
“He led us to think so.”
I said with some emphasis that I wanted a better explanation than
that.
“Maynard. You are messenger for us only if you trust us.”
A fortnight later, after a second, similar experience, Mary K. told
me, when I asked about this first confused period: “We had a terrific
struggle for you then. We told you the truth, but the other forces
controlled the pencil.... The forces of disintegration compelled us for
the moment. We were not theirs, but they overpowered and used
us.”
Early in June, while preparing this manuscript, I asked her: “Was it
you who wrote, ‘You must not doubt. We shall lose control of you if
you do’?”
“Yes. We were fighting for your faith.”
“Can you tell me why you did not explain then—why you have
never explained—that the enemy had control?”
“We have certain limitations in conflicts of this nature.... In actual
conflict we can only affirm. Remember that.... When attacked by
disintegrating force, the only way we can help you is to call to your
purpose and to affirm our own. In your individual struggle we may
not interfere, even when it concerns our work. You must believe or
doubt, according to your own choice.... We cannot tell you that
disintegrating forces threaten you, until you have recognized them.
Then we can help you repel them. Always we call to you and try to
encourage you.... You must make your own choice and your own
deductions, and learn in that way to discriminate between the forces
appealing to you. Details of your personal struggles may not be
explained. They are your development.”
Knowing nothing of all this in April, however, I insisted upon a
detailed explanation of the Farrow mystery, and again the

disintegrating forces played upon my doubt and bewilderment,
elaborating excuses for the mistake, in Maynard’s name.
Refusing to accept any of these ingenious but illogical assertions, I
contended that they were unfair to me, having first specifically
volunteered this erroneous information, which they now attempted
to account for by obviously specious explanations.
“We volunteer information pertaining to the message we have for
the world through you.”
This, it will be perceived, was an affirmation indirectly disclaiming
the Farrow messages, but I did not so recognize it, and reminded
them that they had reproached me for not trusting them in this
matter.
“You are logical within your limits,” was Maynard’s only reply to
that.
“And you still expect me to go on with your work?”
“You have had many manifestations of our force,” Mary K.
returned. “Mr. Kendal will show you how this occurred.”
When I mentioned, with some heat, that some one would have to
show me, as they had asked me to shoulder a heavy responsibility in
this matter, she said: “You are puzzled and frightened, but
knowledge of our constructive work through you should decide your
action.”
Remembering how fear and grief and despair, in certain cases,
and cynical indifference in others, had been banished from the lives
of the men and women to whom these messages had come, I
conceded the constructive work.
“Then come along and build.... You are unable to distinguish the
difficulties under which we work. Many messengers have failed to
convey the message we have tried to give.... Many mistakes happen
with the best messengers.”
“Was this my mistake?” I asked.

“No. You make only one mistake, so far. You shut us out by doubt.
Don’t doubt. We are all working for the same great end.”
Eventually, although far from satisfied about the Farrow affair, I
decided to go to L——, feeling that if disillusionment must come to
the Gaylord family, it would better come now than later, but still
hoping that some explanation would be given while I was with them.
In this I was disappointed. Not until a fortnight later did I even begin
to understand it. But after the first interview with Frederick at L——,
I wrote Cass (April 17th): “If ever I had any doubts about the truth
of this, they are gone! Somebody did something I don’t understand,
but this is real.”
I have given this experience in some detail, not only because it
corroborates the statements that malevolent and crafty forces are
about us, striving to thwart progressive effort, but because it seems
also to offer at least a partial explanation of the inconsistencies and
contradictions that long have baffled and discouraged investigators
of psychic phenomena. Obviously, until the identity and character of
the invisible communicating personality have been established and
clearly recognized, and the purpose prompting the communication
manifested through a series of experiments, it is unsafe to rely upon
information received in this way. And it is equally obvious that forces
of disintegration could scarcely find a more fruitful method of
implanting in the human mind doubt and cynicism concerning the
possibility of obtaining authentic and enlightening revelations from
planes beyond, than by contradicting and confusing such messages,
or by deliberately misleading the applicant for information.
Later experience brought further demonstration of the diligence of
the sinister purposes, together with greater knowledge of ways to
defeat them.
VII

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