DataStax: Old Dogs, New Tricks. Teaching your Relational DBA to fetch
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Do you love some Cassandra, but that relational brain is still on? You aren't alone. Let's take that OLAP data model and get it OLTP. This will be an updated talk with some of the new features brought to you by Cassandra 3.0. Real techniques to translate application patterns into effective models. Common pitfalls that can slow you down and send you running back to RDBMS land. Don't do it! Finally, if you didn't get it right the first time, I'll show you how to fix that data model without any downtime. Turn a hot cup of fail into a tall glass of awesome!
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DataStax: Old Dogs, New Tricks. Teaching your Relational DBA to fetch
- 1. ©2013 DataStax Confidential. Do not distribute without consent. Old dog, new tricks 1 @PatrickMcFadin Patrick McFadin Chief Evangelist for Apache Cassandra at DataStax
- 2. Oracle Architecture More CPU More memory More disk DBRM Clusterware FAN RAC Data Guard Golden Gate Cache Fusion Active? Standby? TimesTen Scale Hadoop Scale Scale Uptime Uptime Uptime ASM
- 3. • Think a YouTube competitor – Users add videos, rate them, comment on them, etc. – Can search for videos by tag
- 6. CREATE TABLE users ( id number(12) NOT NULL , firstname nvarchar2(25) NOT NULL , lastname nvarchar2(25) NOT NULL, email nvarchar2(50) NOT NULL, password nvarchar2(255) NOT NULL, created_date timestamp(6), PRIMARY KEY (id), CONSTRAINT email_uq UNIQUE (email) ); -- Users by email address index CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users (email); • Create entity table • Add constraints • Index fields • Foreign Key relationships CREATE TABLE videos ( id number(12), userid number(12) NOT NULL, name nvarchar2(255), description nvarchar2(500), location nvarchar2(255), location_type int, added_date timestamp, CONSTRAINT users_userid_fk FOREIGN KEY (userid) REFERENCES users (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
- 7. “Static” Table CREATE TABLE videos ( videoid uuid, userid uuid, name varchar, description varchar, location text, location_type int, preview_thumbnails map<text,text>, tags set<varchar>, added_date timestamp, PRIMARY KEY (videoid) ); Table Name Column Name Column CQL Type Primary Key Designation Partition Key
- 9. Partition Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
- 10. Table Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Partition Key 2 Partition Key 2 Partition Key 2
- 11. Keyspace Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 1 Partition Key 2 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Table 1 Table 2 Keyspace 1
- 12. Insert INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description, location, location_type, preview_thumbnails, tags, added_date, metadata) VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.', 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling','http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g',1, {'YouTube':'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=px6U2n74q3g'},{'cassandra','data model','relational','instruction'}, '2013-05-02 12:30:29'); Table Name Fields Values Partition Key: Required
- 13. Partition keys 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed Murmur3 Hash Token = 7224631062609997448 873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd Murmur3 Hash Token = -6804302034103043898 Consistent hash. 128 bit number between 2-63 and 264 INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description) VALUES (06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed,'The data model is dead. Long live the data model.’, 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 'First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling'); INSERT INTO videos (videoid, name, userid, description) VALUES (873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd,'Become a Super Modeler’, 9761d3d7-7fbd-4269-9988-6cfd4e188678, 'Second in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling');
- 14. “Dynamic” Table CREATE TABLE videos_by_tag ( tag text, videoid uuid, added_date timestamp, name text, preview_image_location text, tagged_date timestamp, PRIMARY KEY (tag, videoid) ); Partition Key Clustering Column
- 15. Primary key relationship PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
- 16. Primary key relationship Partition Key PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
- 17. Primary key relationship Partition Key Clustering Column PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid)
- 18. Primary key relationship Partition Key data model PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid) Clustering Column
- 19. -5.6 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed Primary key relationship Partition Key 2013-05-16 16:50:002013-05-02 12:30:29 873ff430-9c23-4e60-be5f-278ea2bb21bd PRIMARY KEY (tag,videoid) Clustering Column data model 49f64d40-7d89-4890-b910-dbf923563a33 2013-06-11 11:00:00
- 20. Select name | description | added_date ---------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------- The data model is dead. Long live the data model. | First in a three part series for Cassandra Data Modeling | 2013-05-02 12:30:29-0700 SELECT name, description, added_date FROM videos WHERE videoid = 06049cbb-dfed-421f-b889-5f649a0de1ed; Fields Table Name Primary Key: Partition Key Required
- 21. Controlling Order CREATE TABLE raw_weather_data ( wsid text, year int, month int, day int, hour int, temperature double, PRIMARY KEY ((wsid), year, month, day, hour) ) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (year DESC, month DESC, day DESC, hour DESC); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature) VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,10,-5.6); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature) VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,9,-5.1); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature) VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,8,-4.9); INSERT INTO raw_weather_data(wsid,year,month,day,hour,temperature) VALUES (‘10010:99999’,2005,12,1,7,-5.3);
- 22. Clustering 200510010:99999 12 1 10 200510010:99999 12 1 9 raw_weather_data -5.6 -5.1 200510010:99999 12 1 8 200510010:99999 12 1 7 -4.9 -5.3 Order By DESC
- 23. • Think a YouTube competitor – Users add videos, rate them, comment on them, etc. – Can search for videos by tag
- 26. CREATE TABLE users ( id number(12) NOT NULL , firstname nvarchar2(25) NOT NULL , lastname nvarchar2(25) NOT NULL, email nvarchar2(50) NOT NULL, password nvarchar2(255) NOT NULL, created_date timestamp(6), PRIMARY KEY (id), CONSTRAINT email_uq UNIQUE (email) ); -- Users by email address index CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users (email); • Create entity table • Add constraints • Index fields • Foreign Key relationships CREATE TABLE videos ( id number(12), userid number(12) NOT NULL, name nvarchar2(255), description nvarchar2(500), location nvarchar2(255), location_type int, added_date timestamp, CONSTRAINT users_userid_fk FOREIGN KEY (userid) REFERENCES users (Id) ON DELETE CASCADE, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
- 27. Some Application Workflows in KillrVideo 27 User Logs into site Show basic information about user Show videos added by a user Show comments posted by a user Search for a video by tag Show latest videos added to the site Show comments for a video Show ratings for a video Show video and its details
- 28. 28 Show video and its details Find video by id Show videos added by a user Find videos by user (latest first) CREATE TABLE videos ( videoid uuid, userid uuid, name text, description text, location text, location_type int, preview_image_location text, tags set<text>, added_date timestamp, PRIMARY KEY (videoid) ); CREATE TABLE user_videos ( userid uuid, added_date timestamp, videoid uuid, name text, preview_image_location text, PRIMARY KEY (userid, added_date, videoid) ) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (added_date DESC, videoid ASC); Views or indexes? Denormalized data
- 34. Thank you! Bring the questions Follow me on twitter @PatrickMcFadin