Deep Learning for Computer Vision: Image Retrieval (UPC 2016)
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The document discusses advanced methods for content-based image retrieval, focusing on generating rankings of similar images based on image queries. It emphasizes the use of convolutional neural network (CNN) representations and specific techniques like siamese networks for learning effective image descriptors. Additionally, it highlights datasets and approaches to improve retrieval accuracy through ranking and similarity metrics.
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![[course site]
Image Retrieval
Day 3 Lecture 6
Eva Mohedano](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dlcvd3l6retrieval-160803161343/85/Deep-Learning-for-Computer-Vision-Image-Retrieval-UPC-2016-1-320.jpg)
![Off-the-shelf CNN representations
15
Paris Buildings 6k Oxford Buildings 5k
TRECVID Instance Search 2013
(subset of 23k frames)
[7] Kalantidis, Y., Mellina, C., & Osindero, S. (2015).
Cross-dimensional Weighting for Aggregated Deep Convolutional
Features. arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.04065.
Mohedano, E., Salvador A., McGuinnes K, Marques F, O’Connor
N, Giro-i-Nieto X (2016). Bags of Local Convolutional Features for
Scalable Instance Search. In ICMR](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dlcvd3l6retrieval-160803161343/85/Deep-Learning-for-Computer-Vision-Image-Retrieval-UPC-2016-15-320.jpg)
![Learning representations for retrieval
Siamese Network: Network to learn a function that maps input
patterns into a target space such that l2-norm in the target
space approximates the semantic distance in the input space.
Applied in:
Dimensionality reduction[1]
Face verification[2]
Learning local image representations[3]
17
[1] Song, H.O., Xiang, Y., Jegelka, S., Savarese, S.: Deep metric learning via lifted structured feature embedding. In: CVPR.
[2] S. Chopra, R. Hadsell and Y. LeCun, Learning a similarity metric discriminatively, with application to face verification.(CVPR'05)
[3] Simo-Serra, E. Trulls, L. Ferraz, I. Kokkinos, and F. Moreno-Noguer. Fracking deep convolutional image descriptors. CoRR,
abs/1412.6537, 2014](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dlcvd3l6retrieval-160803161343/85/Deep-Learning-for-Computer-Vision-Image-Retrieval-UPC-2016-17-320.jpg)
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我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（原版纸质、底色、纹路）我们工厂拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有成品以及工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！
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Deep Learning for Computer Vision: Image Retrieval (UPC 2016)
- 1. [course site] Image Retrieval Day 3 Lecture 6 Eva Mohedano
- 2. Content Based Image Retrieval 2 Given an image query, generate a rank of all similar images.
- 3. Classification 3 Query: This chair Results from dataset classified as “chair”
- 4. Retrieval 4 Query: This chair Similar images
- 5. Retrieval Pipeline 5 Image RepresentationsQuery image Image Dataset Image Matching Ranking List Similarity score Image .. . 0.98 0.97 0.10 0.01 v = (v1 , …, vn ) v1 = (v11 , …, v1n ) vk = (vk1 , …, vkn ) ... Euclidean distance Cosine Similarity Similarity Metric
- 6. Retrieval Pipeline 6 v1 = (v11 , …, v1n ) vk = (vk1 , …, vkn ) ... k feature vectors per image Bag of Visual Words N-Dimensional feature space M visual words (M clusters) INVERTED FILE word Image ID 1 1, 12, 2 1, 30, 102 3 10, 12 4 2,3 6 10 ... Large vocabularies (50k-1M) Very fast! Typically used with SIFT features
- 7. CNN for retrieval 7 Classification Object Detection Segmentation
- 8. Off-the-shelf CNN representations 8 Babenko, A., Slesarev, A., Chigorin, A., & Lempitsky, V. (2014). Neural codes for image retrieval. In ECCV Razavian, A., Azizpour, H., Sullivan, J., & Carlsson, S. (2014). CNN features off-the-shelf: an astounding baseline for recognition. In CVPRW FC layers as global feature representation
- 9. Off-the-shelf CNN representations 9 sum/max pool conv features across filters Babenko, A., & Lempitsky, V. (2015). Aggregating local deep features for image retrieval. ICCV Tolias, G., Sicre, R., & Jégou, H. (2015). Particular object retrieval with integral max-pooling of CNN activations. arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.05879. Kalantidis, Y., Mellina, C., & Osindero, S. (2015). Cross-dimensional Weighting for Aggregated Deep Convolutional Features. arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.04065.
- 10. Off-the-shelf CNN representations 10 Descriptors from convolutional layers
- 11. Off-the-shelf CNN representations 11 R-MAC: Regional Maximum Activation of Convolutions Tolias, G., Sicre, R., & Jégou, H. (2015). Particular object retrieval with integral max-pooling of CNN activations. arXiv preprint arXiv:1511.05879.
- 12. Off-the-shelf CNN representations 12 BoW, VLAD encoding of conv features Ng, J., Yang, F., & Davis, L. (2015). Exploiting local features from deep networks for image retrieval. In CVPRW Mohedano, E., Salvador A., McGuinnes K, Marques F, O’Connor N, Giro-i-Nieto X (2016). Bags of Local Convolutional Features for Scalable Instance Search. In ICMR
- 13. Off-the-shelf CNN representations 13 (336x256) Resolution conv5_1 from VGG16 (42x32) 25K centroids 25K-D vector Descriptors from convolutional layers Mohedano, E., Salvador A., McGuinnes K, Marques F, O’Connor N, Giro-i-Nieto X (2016). Bags of Local Convolutional Features for Scalable Instance Search. In ICMR
- 14. Off-the-shelf CNN representations 14 (336x256) Resolution conv5_1 from VGG16 (42x32) 25K centroids 25K-D vector Descriptors from convolutional layers
- 15. Off-the-shelf CNN representations 15 Paris Buildings 6k Oxford Buildings 5k TRECVID Instance Search 2013 (subset of 23k frames) [7] Kalantidis, Y., Mellina, C., & Osindero, S. (2015). Cross-dimensional Weighting for Aggregated Deep Convolutional Features. arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.04065. Mohedano, E., Salvador A., McGuinnes K, Marques F, O’Connor N, Giro-i-Nieto X (2016). Bags of Local Convolutional Features for Scalable Instance Search. In ICMR
- 16. Off-the-shelf CNN representations CNN representations - l2 Normalization + PCA whitening + l2 Normalization - Cosine similarity - Convolutional features better than fully connected features - Convolutional features keep spatial information → Retrieval+object location - Convolutional layers allows custom input size. - If data labels available, fine tuning the network to the image domain improves CNN representations. 16
- 17. Learning representations for retrieval Siamese Network: Network to learn a function that maps input patterns into a target space such that l2-norm in the target space approximates the semantic distance in the input space. Applied in: Dimensionality reduction[1] Face verification[2] Learning local image representations[3] 17 [1] Song, H.O., Xiang, Y., Jegelka, S., Savarese, S.: Deep metric learning via lifted structured feature embedding. In: CVPR. [2] S. Chopra, R. Hadsell and Y. LeCun, Learning a similarity metric discriminatively, with application to face verification.(CVPR'05) [3] Simo-Serra, E. Trulls, L. Ferraz, I. Kokkinos, and F. Moreno-Noguer. Fracking deep convolutional image descriptors. CoRR, abs/1412.6537, 2014
- 18. Learning representations for retrieval Siamese Network: Network to learn a function that maps input patterns into a target space such that l2-norm in the target space approximates the semantic distance in the input space. 18 Image from: Simo-Serra, E. Trulls, L. Ferraz, I. Kokkinos, and F. Moreno-Noguer. Fracking deep convolutional image descriptors. CoRR, abs/1412.6537, 2014
- 19. Learning representations for retrieval Siamese Network with Triplet Loss: Loss function minimizes distance between query and positive and maximizes distance between query and negative 19 Schroff, F; Kalenichenko, D and Philbin, J. FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clustering, CVPR 2015 w w CNN CNN CNN a p n L2 embedding space Triplet Loss
- 20. Learning representations for retrieval 20 Deep Image Retrieval: Learning global representations for image search, Gordo A. et al. Xerox Research Centre, 2016 - R-MAC representation - Learning descriptors for retrieval using three channels siamese loss: Ranking objective: - Learning where to pool within an image: predicting object locations - Local features (from predicted ROI) pooled into a more discriminative space (learned fc) - Building and cleaning a dataset to generate triplets
- 21. Learning representations for retrieval 21
- 22. Learning representations for retrieval 22 Deep Image Retrieval: Learning global representations for image search, Gordo A. et al. Xerox Research Centre, 2016 Dataset: Landmarks dataset: ● 214K images of 672 famous landmark site. ● Dataset processing based on a matching baseline: SIFT + Hessian-Affine keypoint detector. ● Important to select the “useful” triplets.
- 23. Learning representations for retrieval 23 Deep Image Retrieval: Learning global representations for image search, Gordo A. et al. Xerox Research Centre, 2016 Comparison between training for Classification (C) of training for Rankings (R)
- 24. Learning representations for retrieval 24 Deep Image Retrieval: Learning global representations for image search, Gordo A. et al. Xerox Research Centre, 2016
- 25. Summary 25 Pre-trained CNN are useful to generate image descriptors for retrieval Convolutional layers allow us to encode local information Knowing how to rank similarity is the primary task in retrieval Designing CNN architectures to learn how to rank