Deficiency symptoms of plant nutrients id 19 mshfs025,27,34,38 ssac-723
- 1. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES Prayagraj, U.P. Deficiency symptoms of plant nutrients SUBJECT- SOIL FERTILITY AND PLANT NUTRITION (SSAC-723) SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Amreen Hasan SHUATS SUBMITTED BY: Name- Suchismita Naik (19MSHFS027) Kiran Mandal (19MSHFS025) Poonam Kumari (19MSHFS034) Ankita Das (19MSHFS038) M.Sc.Horticulture (Fruit Science) 3rd Sem., 2nd Year NAI, SHUATS 1
- 2. CONTENT SI.No. TOPIC SLIDE NO. 1. Plant Nutrients 3 2. Symptoms 4 3. Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms 5 4. Nutrient Deficiencies 6 5. Macronutrient Deficiencies and Soils 7 6. Micronutrient Deficiencies and Soil 8 7. Deficieny Symptoms 9-24 8. Reference 25 2
- 3. Deficiency Symptoms of Plant Nutrients Plant Nutrient: • The plant nutrient is a “food” which is composed of certain chemical elements often referred to as ‘plant nutrient’ or plant food elements considered very essential for growth and development of plants. 3
- 4. Symptom: is any perceptible change in known structure, appearance or function. These include: •Yellowing (chlorosis) •Death (necrosis) •Lesions •Malformations •Malfunctions •Reduced growth and yield 4
- 5. Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms • Nutrient deficiency symptoms usually appear on the plant when one or more nutrients are in short supply. • In many cases, deficiency may occur because an added nutrient is not in the form the plant can use. • Deficiency symptoms for specific elements are included on the "Key to Nutrient Disorders". 5
- 6. Nutrient Deficiencies • Every soil is not susceptible to the same nutrient deficiencies. • For example, coarse-textured soils low in organic matter are susceptible to sulfur deficiencies whereas sulfur is usually in adequate supply in clayey soils or soils high in organic matter. 6
- 7. Macronutrient Deficiencies & Soils 7
- 8. Micronutrient Deficiencies & Soils 8
- 9. Deficiency Symptoms-NITROGEN (N): • Nitrogen is highly mobile element in plants and so deficiency is exhibited in older/ bottom leaves. 1. Yellowing of older leaves due to inhibition of chloroplasts and chlorophyl synthesis.As the deficiency of Nitrogen becomes severe “Chlorosis” of leaves is observed. 2. Plants become dwarfed or stunted growth. 3. Tends to advance the time of flower bud formation and reduce yield. 4. Fruits become hard, small, low bearing capacity of tre 5. Reduces fertilization, premature dropping and fruits may become seed less. 6. Severe deficiency leads to Necrosis of plant leaves (complete death of leaf). 9
- 10. N deficiency in barley. Top leaves are N deficient, bottom leaf is normal 10
- 11. Deficiency Symptoms-PHOSPHORUS (P): • Stunted and slow growth of plants due to its effects on cell division and meristematic tissue development. • Leaves are small and defoliation starts from the older leaves and premature leaf fall. • Purplish discoloration of foliage due to anthocyanin pigment. Plants develop dead necrotic areas on the leaves, petioles or fruits. • Slender and woody stem with under developed roots are characteristics symptoms. 11
- 12. P deficiency in alfalfa (left) and normal alfalfa (right). P deficient leaf is dark green and stunted. (Jacobsen and Jasper, 1991) P deficiency in corn. Leaves are purplish and tips are brown and necrotic. 12
- 13. Deficiency Symptoms-POTASSIUM (K): 1. Weakening of stem and Lodging of crops and easy susceptibility to pest and diseases. 2. Scorching of leaves and burning appearance of leaf margins and tip 3. Poor keeping quality of fruits. The quality of fruits and vegetables decreased. 4.Marginal necrosis and burning of leaf tips. 5.Stunted growth, shortening of internodes. 6. It causes great disturbance in the water economy of plants and more water is lost per unit dry matter. 7. Poor sprouting of vines. 8. Severe attack of the grapes with Botrytis cinerea due to K deficiency. 13
- 14. K deficient (left) and normal (right) trifoliates. White spotting occurring along leaf margins in deficient leaf. K deficiency in corn. Older leaves are chlorotic and leaf edges are burned, but the midrib remains green(Bennett, 1993). 14
- 15. Deficiency Symptoms - Ca • Growing points usually damaged or dead (die back). • Margins of leaves developing from the growing point are first to turn brown. 15
- 16. Deficiency Symptoms - Mg • Marginal chlorosis or chlorotic blotches which later merge. • Leaves show yellow chlorotic interveinal tissue on some species, reddish purple progressing to necrosis on others. • Younger leaves affected with continued stress. • Chlorotic areas may become necrotic, brittle, and curl upward. • Symptoms usually occur late in the growing season. 16
- 17. Deficiency Symptoms - S • Leaves uniformly light green, followed by yellowing and poor spindly growth. • Uniform chlorosis does not occur 17
- 18. S deficient wheat plant (left) has light green leaves and stunted growth as compared to normal wheat plant (right) 18
- 19. Deficiency Symptoms - Cu • Leaves wilt, become chlorotic, then necrotic. • Wilting and necrosis are not dominant symptoms. Cu deficiency in wheat: severely affected (left), moderately affected (center) unaffected (right). Deficient wheat shows melanosis with poor grain production and fill. 19
- 20. Deficiency Symptoms - Fe • Distinct yellow or white areas appear between veins, and veins eventually become chlorotic. • Symptoms are rare on mature leaves Interveinal chlorosis. (Fe deficiency; Bennett, 1993) 20
- 21. Deficiency Symptoms - Mn • Chlorosis is less marked near veins. • Some mottling occurs in interveinal areas. • Chlorotic areas eventually become brown, transparent, or necrotic. • Symptoms may appear later on older leaves. 21
- 22. Deficiency Symptoms - Zn • Leaves may be abnormally small and necrotic. • Internodes are shortened. • Lower Auxin level. Zn deficiency displaying striped interveinal chlorosis 22
- 23. Deficiency Symptoms - B • Young, expanding leaves may be necrotic or distorted followed by death of growing points. • Internodes may be short, especially at shoot terminals. • Stems may be rough, cracked, or split along the vascular bundles. Alfalfa with B deficiency; chlorosis of upper leaves and rosetting of leaves near base. (Jacobsen and Jasper, 1991) 23
- 24. Deficiency Symptoms-Molybdenum (Mo) 1. Mo deficiency symptoms often resemble N deficiency symptoms with stunted growth and chlorosis occurring in legumes. 2. Other symptoms of Mo deficiency include pale leaves that may be scorched,cupped, or rolled. 3. Leaves may also appear thick or brittle, and will eventually wither, leaving only the midrib. 24
- 25. REFERENCE: 1. Ann McCauley, Soil Scientist; Clain Jones, Extension Soil Fertility Specialist; and Jeff Jacobsen, College of Agriculture Dean(June,2011)- Plant Nutrient Functions and Deficiency and Toxicity Symptoms 25
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