Depression in Utah - Sep 2009 Report
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This document provides a summary of data on depression in Utah from 2005-2007. Some key points: - Approximately 4.1% of Utah adults, or around 75,100 individuals, had major depression based on a survey. Rates varied geographically within the state. - Major depression was more common among women, those with chronic health conditions like heart disease or diabetes, and those engaging in unhealthy behaviors like smoking. - Utah's rate of major depression was similar to national rates and other states that conducted similar surveys. However, targeted screening and treatment may help those with high-risk chronic conditions or behaviors.
Depression in Utah - Sep 2009 Report
- 1. Utah Health Status Update: Depression September 2009 Utah Department of Health Of all mental illnesses, depression is the most Major Depression by Small Area common disorder.1 Approximately 14.8 mil- Figure 1. Percentage of adults reporting current major depression by local lion adults in the U.S., or 6.7% of the adult health district and small area, Utah, 2005–2007 population, suffer from major depression each year.2 Major depression is the leading cause of disability in the U.S. for ages 15–44. Depression was selected by the Healthy People 2010 committee in order to monitor progress in mental health treatment among adults. Healthy People 2010 objective 18-9b states “Increase the proportion of adults with recognized depression who receive treatment.” In order to estimate the prevalence of depression in Utah adults, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was included on the Utah Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2005–2007. The PHQ-9 is a validated screening tool to diagnose clinical depression. The BRFSS is a random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized persons 18 years of age and older. Survey respondents were classified as having major depression based on a validated algorithm. Results from the survey indicate that 4.1% of Utah adults, or approximately 75,100 indi- viduals, had major depression. More women (5.1%) were classified as having major depres- sion than men (3.1%). Based on data from 2006, Utah ranked 21st for percentage of adults with major depression compared to the 33 other states that included some variation of the PHQ-9 on the BRFSS that year. Utah’s Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. rate (4.2%) was similar to the combined rate (4.2%) of the 34 states. North Dakota had the lowest rate of major depression (2.2%) while Orem (8.8%) and West Valley East (8.2%). The lowest rates of major West Virginia had the highest rate (7.0%). depression were found in the combined West Jordan/Copperton and South Jordan small areas (1.2%), Grand/San Juan County (1.5%) and The age-adjusted rate of major depression in Sandy Center (1.9%). The South Salt Lake and West Valley East rates Utah varied by local health district (LHD). were significantly higher than the state rate. The combined West Jordan/ Central Utah LHD had the highest rate of ma- Copperton and South Jordan small area and Grand/San Juan County jor depression (5.6%) while Summit County rates were significantly lower than the state rate (see Figure 1). LHD had the lowest rate (2.2%). However, neither of these rates is statistically different The prevalence of major depression was higher among adults with from the overall state rate of major depression selected chronic diseases. People who ever had a stroke had rates of (4.1%). Looking at small areas within LHDs, major depression three times higher than those who had never had a adults in South Salt Lake had the highest rate stroke (12.0% vs. 3.9%). People who had ever had a heart attack (8.6% of major depression (10.4%) followed by West vs. 4.0%), had current asthma (8.2% vs. 3.7%), hypertension (7.7% vs.
- 2. 3.6%), and doctor diagnosed arthritis (7.5% Major Depression by Chronic Disease vs. 2.9%) had major depression at more than Figure 2. Percentage of adults reporting current major depression by twice the rate of those without those chronic selected chronic diseases, Utah, 2005–2007 conditions. Adults with diabetes (6.2% vs. 3.9%) also had higher rates of depression than those not diagnosed (see Figure 2). A multivariate analysis was performed to deter- mine if certain health behaviors were different for Utah adults who had major depression. The analysis controlled for age, sex, race, education, and employment as individual logistic regression models. Persons who were classified with major depression were 5.4 times more likely to report fair or poor health status, 2.3 times more likely to be current smokers, 1.8 times more likely to report binge drinking, and more than 1.5 times more likely to be obese when compared to people not classified with major depression. They were only about half as likely to engage in the rec- Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. ommended amount of physical activity. Major Hypertension and asthma data reported for 2005 and 2007. depression was not related to the consumption of fruits and vegetables (see Figure 3). Lifestyle Behaviors of Utahns With Major Depression Utah has a similar prevalence of major depres- Figure 3. Odds of lifestyle behaviors for persons with major depression sion when compared to other states using the versus persons without major depression, Utah, 2005–2007 PHQ-9 analysis, although geographic variation exists within the State. Major depression may be associated with certain chronic conditions, health, and health behaviors. Targeted screening for and treatment of depression should be con- sidered among persons who have had strokes or heart attacks and persons with chronic diseases. Public health efforts towards increased physical activity, smoking cessation, and alcohol addic- tion should recognize the impact of depression on these behaviors. Timely and appropriate interventions can help improve the quality of life of persons who suffer from this disease. References 1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser- vices. Healthy People 2010. 2nd ed. With Under- standing and Improving Health and Objectives Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. 5 a Day and recommended physical activity data reported for 2005 and 2007. for Improving Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000. 2. National Institutes of Mental Health “The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America.” Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/numbers September 2009 Utah Health Status Update .cfm#MajorDepressive on February 27, 2006. For additional information about this topic, contact Michael Friedrichs, MS, Bureau of Health Promotion, Utah Department A comprehensive report on these data is of Health, Box 142106, Salt Lake City, UT 84114-2106, (801) being prepared and will be available by 538-6244, email: [email protected], or Jennifer Wrathall, fall, 2009 and can be accessed at http:// MPH, Office of Public Health Assessment, Utah Department of health.utah.gov/opha/publications/brfss/ Health, Box 142101, Salt Lake City, UT 84114-2101, (801) 538- Depression/Depression.html. 9259, email: [email protected]
- 3. Spotlights for August 2009 Breaking News, August 2009 Multiple Births Multiple Births Seen Through the Neonatal Follow-up Program (NFP), UDOH, Prospective Study of Very Natural incidence for twins is 1 in 80 (3%) and for triplets 1 in Low Birth Weight Babies, Nov. 2006–Nov. 2007 8000 (0.2%).* Since 1980 in the U.S. there has been an increase in Spontaneous ART multiple births by 75% for twins and by 220% for triplets and qua- Number of Children 192 133 druplets.* The increase in multiple births is attributed to delayed Number of Families 104 69 pregnancy, treatment with fertility drugs, and assisted reproduc- Twins 164 (85%) 80 (60%) tive technology (ART). In the U.S. in the year 2006, ART alone Triplets 9 (5%) 27 (20%) accounted for 1% of all deliveries and 18% of multiple births.* Quadruplets 0 (0%) 8 (6%) Gestational age at delivery decreases as fetal Single Survivor 19 (10%) 18 (14%) number increases. The average gestational Gravity of Illness age for triplets is 32 weeks and for quadru- Spontaneously Multiple plets 29 weeks in the U.S. (5 and 8 weeks Occurring Births as a early, respectively). Babies born early are at Number of Children (Percent) Multiple Births Result of ART risk for multiple long term problems. Pre- Average gestation 29 weeks 28 weeks (Term is 38–40 weeks and premature is 37 weeks and less) maturity is the most powerful predictor of Average birth weight cerebral palsy and the risk of cerebral palsy (1 pound = 454 grams) 1183 grams 1128 grams is increased among multiple births.* Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay 68 days 68 days In summary, although positive achievements Discharged from NICU on oxygen 98 (51%) 78 (59%) (Infants with chronic lung disease) in science and technology are undeniable, one must weigh the possibility of undesirable Severe brain bleed placing the infant at risk for cere- 26 (14%) 28 (21%) bral palsy and cognitive impairment consequences such as extreme prematurity Retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser treatment which caries a risk for prolonged hospital placing the infant at risk for long term vision concerns 22 (11%) 12 (9%) stay, long term health problems, neurologi- Congenital anomaly 13 (7%) 24 (18%) cal deficit, and cognitive impairment. * References available upon request. Community Health Indicators Spotlight, August 2009 Salmonella Outbreaks of Salmonella have become a year-round occurrence; they are being identified and investigated even during the off-peak months for foodborne diseases. This new pattern is due in a large part to improved identification of outbreaks through specialized laboratory techniques that can help public health link distant illnesses together as outbreaks. Over the last 12 months, the Utah Department of Health and local health departments in Utah have partnered with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other state and local health departments to investigate outbreaks of Sal- Average Number of Cases of Salmonellosis by Month of monella that have been linked to turkey products, Occurrence, Utah, 1999–2008 peanut butter products, and Salmonella cultures for school laboratories. Several other outbreaks were investigated for which no source was identified. During the spring of 2009, public health in Utah in- vestigated an outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to queso fresco, Mexican-style homemade raw-milk cheese, made privately in people’s homes. Public health officials believe the cheese was contaminated from ingredients used to make the queso fresco, or from cross-contamination of the cheese. Public health has advised the public to: only use pasteurized milk to make queso fresco; keep milk and other ingredients refrigerated; use proper food handling practices to avoid cross contamination; and only buy queso fresco from the refrigerated section of the grocery store, not street vendors or door-to-door salesmen.
- 4. Monthly Health Indicators Report (Data Through July 2009) Expected/ Fiscal YTD # Expected Cases Budgeted Budgeted Variance # Expected YTD Morbidity Ratio budget҂ (under) Current Month҂ Current Month Current Month (5-yr average) (5-yr average) Month YTD Standard - over Fiscal # Cases YTD YTD҂ Medicaid Expenditures (in Millions) for (obs/exp) for the Month of July 2009† # Cases Capitated Mental Health $ 0.7 N/A $ 112.9 N/A N/A Monthly Report of Notifiable Inpatient Hospital $ 13.0 N/A $ 234.7 N/A N/A Diseases, July 2009 Outpatient Hospital $ 8.4 N/A $ 108.7 N/A N/A Campylobacteriosis (Campylobacter) 18 52 138 191 0.7 Long Term Care $ 11.2 N/A $ 203.1 N/A (N/A) Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) 10 15 37 41 0.9 Pharmacy $ 2.4 N/A $ 129.0 N/A (N/A) Hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis) 0 2 3 12 0.2 Physician/Osteo Services‡ $ 6.4 N/A $ 86.5 N/A (N/A) Hepatitis B (serum hepatitis) 1 3 5 15 0.3 TOTAL HCF MEDICAID $ 121.3 N/A $ 1,721.1 N/A N/A Measles (Rubeola, Hard Measles) 0 0 0 0 -- % Change§ % Change§ Population Meningococcal Diseases 0 1 1 7 0.2 Charges in of Events Previous Previous Number Norovirus 0 3 6 12 0.5 Millions per 100 From From Total Pertussis (Whooping Cough) 7 26 106 236 0.4 Rate Year Year Salmonellosis (Salmonella) 23 36 156 179 0.9 Health Care System Measures Shigellosis (Shigella) 0 5 13 23 0.6 Overall Hospitalizations (2007) 278,952 9.7% -0.7% $ 4,265.9 +10.1% Varicella (Chickenpox) 0 7 334 459 0.7 Non-maternity Hospitalizations (2007) 164,659 5.6% -0.9% $ 3,554.6 +9.9% Viral Meningitis 4 13 16 46 0.3 Emergency Department Encounters (2007) 682,122 24.0% -1.3% $ 781.0 +17.1% West Nile (human cases) 0 2 1 2 0.4 Outpatient Surgery (2007) 296,596 10.5% -5.7% $ 1,109.0 +8.6% % Change§ Population # Expected YTD Current Quarter Current Quarter Morbidity Ratio Data Year (5-yr average) (5-yr average) Percent/ Previous Affected YTD Standard Number Current # Cases YTD at Risk # Expected From (obs/exp) Rate Year Annual Community Health # Cases Measures Cases Notifiable Diseases Reported Overweight and Obesity (Adults 18+) 2008 1,924,274 1,119,500 58.2% +0.5% Quarterly, 2nd Qtr 2009 Cigarette Smoking (Adults 18+) 2008 1,924,274 179,200 9.3% -20.4% HIV 17 23 39 42 0.9 Influenza Immunization (Adults 65+) 2008 237,275 173,900 73.3% -3.8% AIDS 10 10 23 23 1.0 Health Insurance Coverage (Uninsured) 2008 2,781,954 298,200 10.7% +0.7% Chlamydia 1,545 1,221 3,281 2,488 1.3 Motor Vehicle Crash Injury Deaths 2008 2,781,954 268 9.6 / 100,000 -3.3% Gonorrhea 84 175 180 354 0.5 Suicide Deaths 2008 2,781,954 384 13.8 / 100,000 +1.3% Tuberculosis 9 8 20 17 1.2 Diabetes Prevalence 2008 2,781,954 129,500 4.7% -1.0% Coronary Heart Disease Deaths 2008 2,781,954 1,514 54.4 / 100,000 -4.0% From Previous From 1 Year All Cancer Deaths 2008 2,781,954 2,478 89.1 / 100,000 -5.6% % Change§ % Change§ 1 Year Ago Previous Births to Adolescents (Ages 15-17) 2008 61,727 1,122 18.2 / 1,000 -2.0% Current Month Month Month Early Prenatal Care 2008 55,605 43,997 79.1% -0.4% Program Enrollment for the Ago Month of July 2009 Infant Mortality 2008 55,605 264 4.7 / 1,000 -7.9% Medicaid 197,248 195,257 +1.0% 166,026 +18.8% Childhood Immunization (4:3:1:3:3:1) 2008 53,525 39,400 73.6% -5.8% PCN (Primary Care Network) 23,438 24,103 -2.8% 19,068 +22.9% § % Change could be due to random variation. † The final Medicaid July old adjustment expendiures have not been posted and are not included in this report. The CHIP (Children’s Health Ins. Plan) 40,131 40,742 -1.5% 34,491 +16.4% Medicaid service expenditures reported here are the most current as of the release date of this report. ҂ Determination on tier 1 and tier 2 unemployment enhancements and the ARRA rate differentials for the the school districts are still being decided. For these two reasons the total Medicaid Budget amounts are not ready to be released. ‡ Medicaid payments reported under Physician/Osteo Services do not include enhanced physician payments. Notes: Data for notifiable diseases are preliminary and subject to change upon the completion of ongoing disease investigations. Active surveillance for influenza has ended until the 2009 season.