Describing Research Design,Methodology and Preparing the Instrument.pptx
- 1. z Describing Research Design,Methodology and Preparing the Instrument Presentation by: CASYLOU B. MARAGGUN
- 2. z LESSON OBJECTIVES In this lesson, you will gain better understanding and skills in describing and carrying out a research design applicable and appropriate for your research. In addition, you will gain technical orientation in preparing and developing data-gathering instrument, choosing sample and respondents, collecting and analyzing data procedures.
- 3. z Gathering data and information is a serious procedure that requires organized and systematic structuring and strategies. Just like how doctors prepare for a major operation, including exact information about the disease, the processes that needs to be performed, and the treatment that should be given to patients, a researcher should also plan things out before the actual conduct of the research. He should be aware of the specific details about the entire execution of the research, such as the participants, the instruments, and how the data will be gathered and treated.
- 4. z RESEARCH METHODS In choosing the research method that best fits your research, you will have to know the nature of your research question or problem. You would need to know as well the collection and analysis tool that the data would need. As you have learned from your Practical Research 1 and 2, quantitative research deals with numbers this type of data would require statistical treatment.
- 5. z The table shows the various elements that quantitative and qualitative research. This will help you decide which method are you into based on your initial research topic.
- 6. z Learning Task 1: Study your initial research problem. Copy the table on your notebook and supply the necessary information in each row. Later on, decide which method of research are you going to utilize in your study. Then, answer the questions that follow.
- 7. z Guide Questions: 1. Explain the research method that you chose for your research? 2. Why did you choose such method for your research? Explain its appropriateness for the course of your study. 3. What specific steps do you anticipate/expect in this research method? 4. What possible problems/challenges do you look forward to in the conduct of the method? 5. How will you prevent such problems/challenges to happen? Or if they happen, what solutions do you intend to do?
- 8. z RESEARCH DESIGN Research design is the process of structuring techniques and strategies that help researchers solve their problems or answer their questions (Clemente, Julaton & Orleans, 2016). Here are some research designs from the University of Southern California (2020) to ensure that the elements in the research work are coherent and logical in order to achieve the answers to the research problems.
- 9. z ACTION RESEARCH DESIGN is a collaborative and adaptive research design that focuses on socially and solution-driven outcomes. It has the potential to increase learning from experience. Action research mostly is applicable in the teaching-learning process
- 10. z CAUSAL DESIGN This design is commonly used to measure the impact of a particular change on existing situation or norm. Typically, causal explanations are sought to reflect on hypotheses testing. Causal effect happens when difference in a phenomenon leads to significant results .
- 11. z CROSS SECTIONAL DESIGN Cross-sectional researches are capable of using data from a large number of subjects as it primarily use survey techniques to gather data. This design can only measure differences between or from among a diverse set of participants, subjects, or phenomena.
- 12. z DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN This designs answers the questions who, what, when, where, and how of a research problem. However, it is could not provide reasons or exact answers to the question “why”. It only intends to describe "what exists" in a situation and its related variables.
- 13. z EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This design involves an experimental group and a control group wherein the independent variable is applied to the experimental group while maintaining the control group. Later, both groups are measured on the same target dependent variable. It may require the use of more groups and measurements over periods of time to validate the results. This is typically done in the field of medicine and science.
- 14. z EXPLORATORY DESIGN Primarily, exploratory design is fitted to a research problem that is not yet saturated or with only a few or totally no investigations or investigations have been conducted for. This is often administered to understand the processes in order to proceed in deeper studying of an issue. This may also deal with discovering the best methodology to use in gathering information.
- 15. z HISTORICAL DESIGN Collecting, verifying, and synthesizing evidences from the significant past are the aim of historical research design. This is bound towards establish factual bases to defend, challenge or nullify a certain existing knowledge. It mainly involves data from secondary sources and also primary documents and artifacts, such as but not limited to records, materials, archives and visual artifacts like maps, images, and footages or recordings. .
- 16. z MIXED-METHOD DESIGN This design is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Its is advantageous in the sense that the strengths of one method can be used to fulfill the weaknesses of another. Mixed- method design can provide sufficient evidences to support a conclusion or set of recommendations since it deals with statistical data and insights from patterns and relationships of the involved variables
- 17. z These are only a few of the existing research designs which you may opt to utilize in the conduct of your research. The only thing that should be ensured is the appropriateness of the design to the research problems, so that the results or outcome will be definitely valid and reliable.
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- 19. z In the research manuscript, the research design is expressed in coherent and logical section. It is also explained supported with details referring to it appropriateness with the research topic and problems and the processes in order to validate, so that the research will not be interrupted for any reason that may cause conflicts in the attainment of the objectives of the research. Here is an excerpt from a research design in the research proposal of Ms. Julieta G. Habagat entitled “Status, Issues and Concerns in the Implementation of Gender and Development (GAD) Programs in Public Elementary Schools in District I-C, Division of Antipolo City.” Study how the details and information are presented.
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- 21. z Learning Task 3: On your notebook, construct your research design section for your research. Ensure that the information is complete and clearly presented. In case you will find it challenging, you may ask for assistance from your siblings and parents. You may also contact your colleagues to brainstorm. Do not hesitate to get in touch with your subject teacher for further assistance that you would need.