Design and simulation of a tunable frequency
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The paper presents the design and simulation of a frequency-reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna using a pin diode for switch control in X-band applications. It discusses performance analysis of both slotted and unslotted rectangular patch antennas and demonstrates how the switching state of the pin diode affects parameters such as bandwidth and gain. Experimental results indicate that incorporating a pin diode improves the antenna's bandwidth and allows for frequency tuning between designated ranges.
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![IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 808
CONCLUSIONS
For rectangular patch antenna the first design had a 228MHz
bandwidth (2.36% of center frequency) whereas when a PIN
diode is incorporated in the slot and is switched OFF the
bandwidth is increased to 320MHz, which gives a percent of
bandwidth to centre frequency of 2.79% that means the
bandwidth improvement approximately 92MHz. Whereas
when the PIN Diode is switched ON the bandwidth is
decreased to 250MHz which gives percent of bandwidth to
center frequency of 2.01% approximately.
REFERENCES
[1]. James, J.R. and Hall, P.S.: ‘Handbook of Microstrip
Antennas’ (Peter Peregrinus)
[2]. Constantine A. Balanis : ‘Antenna Theory, Analysis and
Design’ (John Wiley & Sons)
[3]. Lu JH, Tang CL, Wong KL, ‘Novel dual-frequency and
broadband designs of the slot-loaded equilateral Triangular
Microstrip Antenna’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
2000;48;1048-54.
[4]. Row JS. ‘Dual-frequency triangular planar inverted-f
Antenna’ IEEE Tran Antennas Propag 2005;53;874-6.
[5]. Kai-Fong Lee, Kwai- Man Luk, Jashwant S. Dahele,
‘Characteristics of the Equilateral Triangular Patch Antenna ’
IEEE Tran. Antennas Propag.1988;36;1510.
[6]. C. L. Mak, K. M. Luk, K. F. Lee, ‘ Wideband Triangular
Patch Antenna’ IEE. Proc. Microwave Antennas Propag.
1999.
[7]. Shan-Cheng Pan and Kin- Lu Wong, ‘ Dual Frequency
Triangular Microstrip Antenna with Shorting Pin’ IEEE Tran.
Antennas Propag.1997;45;1889
[8]. D.M. Pozar and D. H. Shaubert, ‘Microstrip Antennas :
The Analysis and Design of Microstrip Antenna and Array’
IEEE Press,Inc., 1980.
[9]. I. J. Bahl and P. Bhartia, ‘Microstrip Antennas, Artech
House, Dedham, MA, 1980.
[10]. IE3D [1] by Zeland software Inc.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/designandsimulationofatunablefrequency-140807012511-phpapp02/85/Design-and-simulation-of-a-tunable-frequency-4-320.jpg)
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- 2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 806 bias voltage, the antenna can be switch between two different frequencies. Fig. 1 Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna 4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Fig. 2 Return loss v/s Frequency plot of rectangular MPA (RMPA) Fig. 3 Gain v/s Frequency plot of RMPA Fig. 4 Efficiency v/s Frequency plot of RMPA Fig. 5 RMPA with slot Fig. 6 Return loss v/s Frequency plot when PIN diode is OFF
- 3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 807 Fig.7. Return Loss When PIN diode is ON Fig.8. Gain v/s Frequency plot when PIN diode is OFF Fig. 9 Gain v/s Frequency plot when diode is ON Fig.10 Efficiency v/s Freqency plot when PIN diode is OFF Fig 11 Efficiency v/s Frequency plot when diode is On 5. COMPARISON Table 3.3 shows the comparison between the rectangular patch antenna, slotted patch antenna when PIN diode is switched OFF and ON Parameters Simple MPA Slotted MPA when diode is OFF Slotted MPA when diode is ON Resonant Frequency 9.67GHz 11.49GHz 12.47GHz Impedance Bandwidth 22.8% 32% 25% VSWR 1.104 1.014 1.03 Gain 6.6dBi 6.28dBi 6dBi Efficiency 78% 73% 68.6%
- 4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 02 Issue: 12 | Dec-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 808 CONCLUSIONS For rectangular patch antenna the first design had a 228MHz bandwidth (2.36% of center frequency) whereas when a PIN diode is incorporated in the slot and is switched OFF the bandwidth is increased to 320MHz, which gives a percent of bandwidth to centre frequency of 2.79% that means the bandwidth improvement approximately 92MHz. Whereas when the PIN Diode is switched ON the bandwidth is decreased to 250MHz which gives percent of bandwidth to center frequency of 2.01% approximately. REFERENCES [1]. James, J.R. and Hall, P.S.: ‘Handbook of Microstrip Antennas’ (Peter Peregrinus) [2]. Constantine A. Balanis : ‘Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design’ (John Wiley & Sons) [3]. Lu JH, Tang CL, Wong KL, ‘Novel dual-frequency and broadband designs of the slot-loaded equilateral Triangular Microstrip Antenna’ IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 2000;48;1048-54. [4]. Row JS. ‘Dual-frequency triangular planar inverted-f Antenna’ IEEE Tran Antennas Propag 2005;53;874-6. [5]. Kai-Fong Lee, Kwai- Man Luk, Jashwant S. Dahele, ‘Characteristics of the Equilateral Triangular Patch Antenna ’ IEEE Tran. Antennas Propag.1988;36;1510. [6]. C. L. Mak, K. M. Luk, K. F. Lee, ‘ Wideband Triangular Patch Antenna’ IEE. Proc. Microwave Antennas Propag. 1999. [7]. Shan-Cheng Pan and Kin- Lu Wong, ‘ Dual Frequency Triangular Microstrip Antenna with Shorting Pin’ IEEE Tran. Antennas Propag.1997;45;1889 [8]. D.M. Pozar and D. H. Shaubert, ‘Microstrip Antennas : The Analysis and Design of Microstrip Antenna and Array’ IEEE Press,Inc., 1980. [9]. I. J. Bahl and P. Bhartia, ‘Microstrip Antennas, Artech House, Dedham, MA, 1980. [10]. IE3D [1] by Zeland software Inc.