Design of embedded based three phase preventor and selector system for industrial appliances

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN
0976 – 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online) Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), © IAEME
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJECET)
ISSN 0976 – 6464(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online)
Volume 4, Issue 1, January- February (2013), pp. 183-188
IJECET
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DESIGN OF EMBEDDED BASED THREE PHASE PREVENTOR AND
SELECTOR SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES

Ms. YOGITA V. BHAGWAT Prof. S. A. NAVEED
yogita_6@rediffmail.com sa_naveed01@rediffmail.com
J.N.E.C. Aurangabad J.N.E.C. Aurangabad

ABSTRACT

Designing and implementing commercial as well as industrial system based on power
electronics has been a prominent field of interest among many researchers and developer.
This paper present an implementing methodology for Three phase preventor and selector
system.
In this paper, preventor and selector system interface with microcontroller 89c51 to
control and drive the various domestic and industrial appliances.

Keywords: RYB indicator, automatic phase selector circuit, MOSFET based inverter,
microcontroller 89c51, induction motor.

1. INTRODUCTION

In this exponential development world, 85% appliances are work on three phase
supply. Failure of any one phase from this three phase, appliance may be damaged..
This paper is build system that can support one of the phase supplies with the help of
existing phase supply. The development of system will be achieved by using microcontroller
which is being programmed using IC89c51. Now day’s electric supply has become one of the
basic need but due to Environmental conditions and practical limitation the generation of
electricity is Insufficient hence to fulfill the Electricity requirement load shading is used, but
is not satisfying the complete requirement. Inverter is used to obtain A.C. supply from
battery. .Cost of three-phase inverter, which is available in market is more.

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The system provide the safety operations for industry application.
1. Safety of operation through microcontroller unit.
2. Safety of people and plant.
3. To ensure quality product at reasonable cost and quantity.
4. To satisfy environmental regulations.
5. To satisfy the economics.

Fig: 1Block diagram of system

2. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The block diagram consists of DIP switch, microcontroller, signal amplifier, inverter
circuitry, opto isolator gate drive power supply, 200V unregulated power supply MOSFET
inverter, switches

2.1.1 RF CHOCK
It consists of capacitor and inductor connected in parallel. Inductor has ability to resist abrupt
changes in supply frequency due to which high voltage pulses are removed. Capacitor by
passes AC and blocks DC. Any DC component present in AC is removed. The output of RF
choke filter is given to step down transformer.

2.1.2 DIP SWITCHES
DIP switches are used as input to the microcontroller 89C51. The DIP switches are consist of
8 parallel switches; they are used as follows.
SWITCH 1: To turn on or off the whole DIP.
SWITCH 2: it is used to select the 120 and 180 deg. mode of inverter.
SWITCH 3: MASKED.
SWITCH 4: MASKED.
SWITCH 5, 6, 7, &8: Used to generate variable frequency.
The output of the DIP switches is given to the port 1 of microcontroller 89C51 is used to
select the appropriate frequency as well as to select the mode of operation.

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2.1.3 MICROCONTROLLER
The microcontroller 89c51 is used to generate six pulses PWM output in both 120 and 180
deg. Mode The output of DIP switches is accepted on input port that is port 1 and is
processed and transferred on output port to display the six-pulse PWM waveform. Each time
an interrupt is generating when particular time period of the frequency selected from DIP
switches.

2.1.4 OPTOISOLATOR
The output of microcontroller that is six pulses is given to the input of 6 Optoisolator
separately. Isolates the control circuitry from the power circuitry. The coast of control
circuitry; to avoid this problem the control circuit and power circuit will damage the control
circuitry are isolated from each other.

2.1.5 SIGNAL AMPLIFIER
The output of opto coupler is not sufficient for driving the MOSFET so amplification of
signal is required. The Darlington pair TIP 122 is used which amplifies the signal such that
sufficient to drive MOSFET circuitry. The Darlington transistor is mainly used to amplify the
current which is required by the mosfet for operation.

2.1.6 INVERTER CIRCUITORY
The inverter circuitry consisting of power device named as MOSFET; they are connected in
the bridge configuration MOSFET stands for metal oxide semiconductor for filled effect
transistor which having many advantages other power device like MOSFET, FET and SCR.
The 300V DC power supply is given to inverter circuitry and is converted into the 110 V AC
supply. The output of inverter is can be obtained in either 180deg or 120 deg depending on
the users requirement In the 120deg mode phase voltage waveform is quasi square while line
voltage is of six step waveform. In 180deg mode the phase voltage is of six step waveform
while line voltage waveform is quasi square waveform.

2.1.7 OPTOISOLATOR GATE DRIVE POWER SUPPLY
The 230V AC 50 Hz is given to the primary winding of the transformer. The secondary
winding of the transformer is divided into four winding of the transformer is divided into four
winding among which one is connected to the three separate bridge rectifier circuits. The
secondary turns of the transformer are reduced to have 12V AC at the secondary winding.
The 12V AC is further given to the rectifier circuitry to convert it into 10 V DC. This voltage
is further given to opto isolator for its proper operation.

2.1.8 MOSFET BASED INVERTER
The D.C. supply to the inverter is derived from single phase 230 VA.C. Mains supply. Here
in lies the beauty of the inverter; it provides total isolation of the input supply and output to
the motor, allowing us to operate a three phase induction motor on a single phase supply. In
system such as electrical vehicles where energy generated Is stored in large battery array, we
can replace the A.C. supply- rectifier- filter assembly by a battery and battery charger
assembly [1]

2.1.9 SPEED CONTROL OF THREE PHASE MOTOR
Various methods are available for control of speed of a motor. These techniques take
advantage of various aspects of motor operation [2] briefly, the methods are;

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Phase controlled motor drive: This technique involves the control of the phase angle of
supply voltage. A slip energy recovery scheme is used along with this to improve the drive
efficiency
Frequency controlled motor drive: This method involves changing synchronous speed by
changing frequency of a.c. supply to motor to cause speed variation, as the true speed of the
motor is very close to synchronous speed. Either voltage source inverters or current source
inverters may be used. This project is based on a voltage source inverter using this method of
speed control.
Vector controlled motor drive: Independent control over flux and torque is possible in A.C.
drives, as is possible in D.C. drives. The control is achieved by phasor control of rotor flux
linkages. Vector control, or alternatively, field oriented control is achieved by suitably
controlling the inverter to obtain correct values of frequency, phase, and current and hence
control the flux phasor. This control technique has made A.C. drives superior to D.C. drives,
as vector control drives provide independent control of flux and torque is improved dynamic
response in compare

Fig 2: Three Phase appliance protector

Automatic phase selector circuit select any one phase from main three phase supply . . The
complete circuit of a three Phase appliance protector is described here. It requires three-phase
supply, three 12V relays and a timer IC NE555 along with 230V coil contactor having four
poles. Relays RL1 and RL2 act as a sensing devices for phases Y and B, respectively.
These relays are connected such that each acts as an enabling device for the
subsequent relay. Therefore the combination of the relays forms a logical AND gate
connected serially. The availability of phase R energies relay RL1 and its normally-
opened (N/O) contacts close to connect phase Y to the input of transformer X2. The
availability of phase Y energies relay RL2 and its N/O contacts close to connect phase B to
the input of transformer X3, thus applying a triggering input to timer IC NE555 (IC1).
Therefore the delay timer built around NE555 triggers only when all the phases (R, Y and B)
are available. It provides a delay of approximately four seconds, which energies
Relay RL3 and its N/O contact closes to connect the line to the energizing coil of four-pole
contactor relay RL4. Contactor RL4 closes to ensure the availability of the three-phase supply

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to the appliance. The rating of contactor RL4 can be selected according to the full-load current rating
of the appliances. Here the contact current rating of the four-pole contactor is up to 32A. The
availability of phases R, Y and B is monitored by appropriate LEDs connected across the secondary
windings of transformers X1, X2 and X3, respectively. Hence this circuit does not require a separate
indicator lamp for monitoring the availability of the three phases. When phase R is available, LED1
glows. When phase Y is available, LED2 glows. When phase B is available, LED3 glows. The main
advantage of this protector circuit is that it protects three-phase appliances from failure of any of the
phases by disconnecting the power supply through the contactor and automatically restores the
three-phase supply to the appliance (with reasonable time delay) when all the phases are available.
3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

Fig.4: TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, TP5, TP6 – R, Y, B Phase Outputs of 89c51

Fig. 5: Control Pulse

Fig. 6: RYB phase output of inverter with respect to neutral

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4. CONCLUSION

Using microcontroller we can operate different industrial operation in relation with
their time using Three phase preventor and selector system. The system has significant
excellences such as continue supply and low expenses.

5. REFERENCES

1] T. Hori, H. Nagase, and M. Hombu,” Induction Motor control system”, Industrial
electronics Handbook J.D. Irwin, pp.310-315.CRC Press, 1997
2]. P.N Enjeti and A.Rahman, “A New Single-Phase to Three Phase Converter with Active
Input Current Shaping for Low Cost Ac Motor Drives”, in conf.Rec.IEEE-IAS Annu
Meeting, pp. 935 – 939, 1983
3]. P.N Enjeti and A.Rahman, “A New Single-Phase to Three Phase Converter with Active
Input Current Shaping for Low Cost Ac Motor Drives”, in conf.Rec.IEEE-IAS Annu
Meeting, pp. 935 – 939, 1983
4] A.B. Plunkett, “ A current controlled PWM inverter drives”, IEEE IASAnnu. Meet. Conf.
Rec ., pp.785-792,1979
5] Austin H. Bonnet: “Analysis of the impact of pulse-width modulated inverter voltage
waveforms on AC induction motors”; IEEE Trans-IAMar/Apr. 1996 pp.386-392
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Motor Drive Using Soft Computing Techniques”, International Journal of Computer
Applications, Vol. 3,No.1, pp. 6-12, June 2010
7] Microcontrollers & Embedded System Designs,
http://www.ucdevelopers.page.tl/
8] J. Holtz. Pulse width Modulation for Electronic PowerConversion. Proc. of the IEEE, Vol.
82, No.8 pp. 1194 –1213, Aug 1994
9] B.K.Bose ,Power Electronics and variable frequency drives, IEEE press,NY,1996
10] Malesani, L.; Tenti, P.,Three-Phase AC/DC PWM Converter with Sinusoidal AC
Currents and Minimum Filter Requirements, IEEE Transactionson Industry Applications,
Vol. IA-23, No.1, January/February1987.
11] B. Wu, S.B Dewan and G.R.Slemon ,”PWM CSI Inverter for induction motor drives ,”
IEEE Trans. On Ind. Appl., Vol.22, pp.1052-1072, Nov./dec.1986
12]International Standard s for all electrical, electronic and related technologies available at
http://www.iec.ch
13] P.H. Zope, Prashant Sonare, Avnish Bora And Rashmi Kalla, “Simulation And
Implementation Of Control Strategy For Z-Source Inverter In The Speed Control Of
Induction Motor” International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET),
Volume 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 21 - 30, Published by IAEME.
14] Vaibhav B. Magdum, Ravindra M. Malkar and Darshan N. Karnawat, “Study &
Simulation Of Direct Torque Control Method For Three Phase Induction Motor Drives”
International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET), Volume 2, Issue 1,
2011, pp. 1 - 13, Published by IAEME.

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Design of embedded based three phase preventor and selector system for industrial appliances

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Design of embedded based three phase preventor and selector system for industrial appliances