Development of engines through ages (Presentation)
- 1. DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINES THROUGH AGES Md. Sirajul Islam Sagor 30th Batch Textile Engineering Department Daffodil International University
- 2. ENGINE • An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy. • Heat engines burn a fuel to create heat, which is then used to do work. • Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion
- 3. TYPES 1. Heat Engine 1. Combustion Engine 1. Internal Combustion Engine 2. External Combustion Engine 3. Air-breathing combustion engines 2. Non-combusting heat engines 2. Non-thermal chemically powered motor 3. Electric motor 4. Physically powered motor 1. Pneumatic motor 2. Hydraulic motor
- 4. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • The Watt steam engine was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum.
- 5. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • Improving on the design of the 1712 Newcomen steam engine, the Watt steam engine, developed sporadically from 1763 to 1775 • It was a great step in the development of the steam engine developed sporadically from 1763 to 1775, was a great step in the development of the steam engine.
- 6. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • As for internal combustion piston engines, these were tested in France in 1807 by de Rivaz and independently, by the Niépce brothers.They were theoretically advanced by Carnot in 1824. • Offering a dramatic increase in fuel efficiency, James Watt's design became synonymous with steam engines.
- 7. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • In 1853-57 Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci invented and patented an engine using the free-piston principle that was possibly the first 4-cycle engine. • In 1877 the Otto cycle was capable of giving a far higher power to weight ratio than steam engines and worked much better for many transportation applications such as cars and aircraft.
- 8. AUTOMOBILES • The first commercially successful automobile, created by Karl Benz, added to the interest in light and powerful engines. • The lightweight petrol internal combustion engine, operating on a four-stroke Otto cycle, has been the most successful for light automobiles, while the more efficient Diesel engine is used for trucks and buses.
- 9. HORIZONTALLY OPPOSED PISTONS • In 1896, Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first engine with horizontally opposed pistons • His design created an engine in which the corresponding pistons move in horizontal cylinders and reach top dead center simultaneously, thus automatically balancing each other with respect to their individual momentum
- 10. ADVANCEMENT • Continuance of the use of the internal combustion engine for automobiles is partly due to the improvement of engine control systems. • This is especially evident with the popularity of smaller diesel engine propelled cars in Europe.
- 11. INCREASING POWER • In the first half of the 20th century, a trend of increasing engine power occurred, particularly in the American models. • The higher forces and pressures created by these changes created engine vibration and size problems that led to stiffer, more compact engines with V and opposed cylinder layouts replacing longer straight-line arrangements.
- 12. COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY • This produced more economical engines with earlier four-cylinder designs rated at 40 horsepower (30 kW) and six-cylinder designs rated as low as 80 horsepower (60 kW), compared with the large volume V-8 American engines with power ratings in the range from 250 to 350 hp, some even over 400 hp (190 to 260 kW).
- 13. ENGINE CONFIGURATION • Earlier automobile engine development produced a much larger range of engines than is in common use today. Engines have ranged from 1- to 16-cylinder designs with corresponding differences in overall size, weight, engine displacement, and cylinder bores. • The 1970s and 1980s saw an increased interest in improved fuel economy, which caused a return to smaller V-6 and four-cylinder layouts, with as many as five valves per cylinder to improve efficiency.
- 14. THE LARGEST INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE • The largest internal combustion engine ever built is the Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C, a 14- cylinder, 2-stroke turbocharged diesel engine that was designed to power the Emma Mærsk, the largest container ship in the world. • This engine weighs 2,300 tons, and when running at 102 RPM produces 109,000 bhp (80,080 kW) consuming some 13.7 tons of fuel each hour.
- 15. ENGINES BY USE • Aircraft engine • Automobile engine • Model engine • Motorcycle engine • Marine propulsion engines such as Outboard motor • Non-road engine is the term used to define engines that are not used by vehicles on roadways. • Railway locomotive engine • Spacecraft propulsion engines such as Rocket engine • Traction engine
- 16. MOTORCYCLE ENGINE • A motorcycle engine is an engine that powers a motorcycle. • The first motorcycles were powered by steam engines. The earliest example is the French Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede of 1868. • The modern equivalent became universally popular in the 1950s and remains much the same today.
- 17. ROCKET ENGINE • A rocket engine is a type of jet engine that uses only stored rocket propellant mass for forming its high-speed propulsive jet. • Rocket engines are reaction engines, obtaining thrust in accordance with Newton's third law. Liquid hydrogen engines were first successfully developed in America, the RL-10 engine first flew in 1962.
- 18. AIRCRAFT ENGINE • An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines, except for small multicopter UAVs which are almost always electric aircraft. NASA X-43 • 2004: NASA X-43,the first scramjet to maintain altitude. • 1848: John Stringfellow made a steam engine for a 10- foot wingspan model aircraft which achieved the first powered flight, albeit with negligible payload.
- 19. THANKS TO WIKIPEDIA FOR SERVING INFORMATION.
- 20. THE END OR PERHAPS THE BEGINNING….