Development of Mobile Application -PPT
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The document discusses the history and current state of mobile application development. It begins with definitions and a brief history starting from the early 1990s. It then covers major platforms and operating systems that have emerged over time like Palm OS, Java ME, Symbian, Android, iOS, BlackBerry, and Windows Phone. Current development approaches including native frameworks and non-native alternatives like PhoneGap and Titanium are also summarized. The document concludes with a discussion of emerging areas like wearable technology and devices like Google Glass and Samsung Galaxy Gear.
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Development of Mobile Application -PPT
- 2. Definition History of mobile Application Current State of Mobile Application The Future of Mobile Application Development
- 3. A mobile application (or mobil e app) is a software application designed to run on smart phones, tablet computers and other mobile devices.
- 4. The history of the mobile app begins, obviously, with the history of the mobile device and the first mobile phones whose microchips required the most basic of software to send and receive voice calls. But since then things have got a lot more complicated.
- 6. First devices launched in early 90s Used in Psion’s SIBO(Sixteen bit operating system) devices Used OPL(Open Programming Language) Formed the basis of Symbian
- 7. Palm OS (also known as Garnet OS) is a mobile operating system initially developed by Palm, Inc., for personal digital assistants(PDAs) in 1996 Palm OS was designed for ease of use with a touchscreen- based graphical user interface.
- 8. Wireless Markup Language was based on XML and HTML WML documents are divided into a set of cards, each representing one unit of interaction between the user and the user agent. Instruction embedded within the cards may invoke services on origin servers. Several cards are grouped into a deck, t he basic WML unit, that origin server can sent to a user agent.
- 9. Designed for embedded system and mobile platform. Java ME technology was originally created in order to deal with the constraints associated with building applications for small devices.
- 10. For this purpose Oracle defined the basics for Java ME technology to fit such a limited environment and make it possible to create Java applications running on small devices with limited memory, display and power capacity Java ME spawned an open source implementation, Mika VM, which contains the class libraries for implementing the Connected Device Configuration. JME was the undisputed king of mobile platforms, it’s used in the Bada and Symbian operating systems and implementation existed for Windows CE, Windows Mobile and Android.
- 11. As mentioned earlier, Symbian grew out of the Psion EPOC operating system. Originally developed by Symbian Ltd – a joint venture of Psion, Ericsson, Motorola and Nokia – the operating system was almost ubiquitous. In 2009 250 million devices were running Symbian.
- 12. It was Nokia that really drove the development of Symbian OS. The S60 platform was used on nearly all Nokia handsets as well as some Samsung and LG ones. The use of different, fragmented platforms (Sony Ericsson and Motorola used UIQ and there was MOAP(S) for NTT DoCoMo), each with its own API, meant that there were a variety of deployment techniques and no standard market place for apps. The incompatibility of apps across platforms and the failure to fully move to open source (several key components were licensed from third parties) are probably what sounded the death-knell for Symbian. There were also problems with malware, a browser which didn’t support multiple windows or compress pages and a nightmare process for typing in non-Latin text. Symbian, once the largest codebase ever moved to Open Source, is now licence-only and Nokia’s development of the OS has been outsourced to Accenture.
- 13. NativeAnd Non-native Frameworks NativeApplication Environment: Android iOS Windows Phone 8 BlackBerry 10 Non-nativeApplication Environment: Phone Gap Titanium Mobile
- 14. Based on the Linux kernel, Android started life as a proposed advanced operating system for digital cameras until the company realised that the market was limited compared to that for mobile phones. The Open Handset Alliance unveiled the Android operating system in 2007, nearly two years after Google’s acquisition of Android. (The launch of Google’s foray into the mobile world was delayed by the launch of the iPhone which radically changed consumers’ expectations of what a smartphone should do.)
- 15. Apple’s iPhone set the standard for the new generation of smartphones when it was first released in June 2007 with its touchscreen and direct manipulation interface. There was no native SDK until February of 2008 (Apple initially planned to provide no support for third-party apps). The iOS lineage started with NeXTSTEP, an object-oriented multitasking OS from the late eighties developed by NeXT Computer (acquired by Apple in 1996). The world’s first web browser was developed on NeXTSTEP and proved hugely influential in the formative years of HTML. The main programming language for iOS is Objective C. Development is done through Xcode IDE which has an in-built iOS simulator.
- 16. The second generation of the Windows Phone operating system uses the same Metro interface but has an updated architecture based on the Windows NT kernel (like Windows 8) rather than Windows CE (which was used as the basis for Windows Phone 7). You can develop for Windows Phone 8 only on a system running Windows 8 – using Visual Studio 2012 as an IDE. You’re allowed to choose between XAML, Direct3D or a mixture for building UIs; you can write C#, Visual Basic apps on top of .Net; and you can use C++ for native code. Publication is less flexible. Apps need to be put through a review process before being allowed into the store similar to iOS. The low take up of Windows Phone makes this process seem rather onerous.
- 17. Originally named BBX, BlackBerry 10 is based on the QNX microkernel operating system whose parent company RIM acquired in 2010. BlackBerry 10 uses a system of gestures and touches which is supposed to make physical buttons unnecessary for core functions (e.g. a ‘back’or ‘home’button). The OS also has an Android runtime layer so that Android apps can be packaged and distributed on the BlackBerry platform. (The latest versions even allow the direct download of apps via Google Play.) Native application development utilises an API library in C and a Native API in C/C++ though you can eschew C++ coding through the WebWorks framework (HTML5 and JS), Adobe AIR or Java itself. Again the publishing process is rather onerous: 10 business days are required to approve your app.
- 18. It is of course possible to sidestep the issues that come with developing native apps by instead developing web apps for use on mobile devices. The advantage to developing web-based apps are clear: you immediately solve the proliferation problem; you can ‘write once, run anywhere’; and you can use common web-based languages like HTML5, CSS and JavaScript. Some frameworks allow you to build ‘hybrid’apps which are not truly native (since their layout rendering is done via web views) or totally web- based (since they’re packaged for distribution and have access to native APIs). The disadvantages of hybrid apps are that you only get limited access to the native functionality of the phone on which the app runs and that such apps are usually slower than ‘pure’native apps.
- 19. Phone Gap supports most major platforms (iOS, Android, BlackBerry, Windows Phone, Palm WebOS, Bada and Symbian) and allows developers to make use of native hardware features like accelerometers, compasses and cameras. A cloud based compilation engine – PhoneGap Build – generates compatible apps for all supported platforms but rejection of PhoneGap-built apps by the Apple App Store is still a frequent issue. It’s based on Apache Cordova which also underpins the aforementioned WebWorks.
- 20. iOS, Android, BlackBerry and Windows Phone apps can all now be created via Appcelerator’s Titanium framework. Application source code is interpreted on the mobile device using a JavaScript engine (Rhino on Android and BlackBerry, Javascriptcore on iOS). Titanium provides fast results, making it a popular prototyping tool but (as with PhoneGap) performance issues abound and code forking is often required (e.g. if iOS then…).
- 21. Wearable Technology Miniaturisation has made wearable what once would have been unthinkably cumbersome – sophisticated computers and communication devices can now be incorporated into wristbands, glasses or even clothes themselves. Oh, and the market of ‘wearable tech’is estimated to exceed $12billion by 2018. Google Glass Released to developers in 2013 Google Glass is an ‘augmented reality’device that is set to get a consumer launch at some point this year. David Thompson has seen a demo of Glass and his opinion is that while the product still has a long way to go before fulfilling the promise of genuine AR, the possibilities are exciting. It can record images and video and can almost be entirely controlled by voice alone when in operation.
- 22. Galaxy Gear Samsung’s smart watch, like most smart watches released to date (cf. Pebble and SmartWatch 2), met with a universally poor reception when released in September 2013. Fuel Band The Nike+ FuelBand was a simple but effective foray into the wearable tech space from the sportswear manufacturer. The FuelBand is worn on the wrist and tracks physical activity, allowing users to share and compare stats via the Nike+ online communit