DIWE - Fundamentals of PHP
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Esoft Metro Campus - Diploma in Web Engineering - (Module VI) Fundamentals of PHP (Template - Virtusa Corporate) Contents: Introduction to PHP What PHP Can Do? PHP Environment Setup What a PHP File is? PHP Syntax Comments in PHP echo and print Statements PHP Variables PHP Data Types Changing Type by settype() Changing Type by Casting PHP Constants Arithmetic Operators String Operators Assignment Operators Comparison Operators Logical Operators Operators Precedence If Statement If… Else Statement If… Else if… Else Statement Switch Statement The ? Operator While Loop Do While Loop For Loop break Statement continue Statement Functions User Defined Functions Functions - Returning values Default Argument Value Arguments as Reference Existence of Functions Variable Local and Global Scope The global Keyword GLOBALS Array Superglobals Static Variables
![GLOBALS Array
$x = 10; // global scope
function testScope() {
$GLOBALS['x'] = 20;
}
testScope();
echo "Variable x: $x <br/>";](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/modulevi-170204094258/85/DIWE-Fundamentals-of-PHP-42-320.jpg)
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DIWE - Fundamentals of PHP
- 1. Diploma in Web Engineering Module VI: Fundamentals of PHP Rasan Samarasinghe ESOFT Computer Studies (pvt) Ltd. No 68/1, Main Street, Pallegama, Embilipitiya.
- 2. Contents 1. Introduction to PHP 2. What PHP Can Do? 3. PHP Environment Setup 4. What a PHP File is? 5. PHP Syntax 6. Comments in PHP 7. echo and print Statements 8. PHP Variables 9. PHP Data Types 10. Changing Type by settype() 11. Changing Type by Casting 12. PHP Constants 13. Arithmetic Operators 14. String Operators 15. Assignment Operators 16. Comparison Operators 17. Logical Operators 18. Operators Precedence 19. If Statement 20. If… Else Statement 21. If… Else if… Else Statement 22. Switch Statement 23. The ? Operator 24. While Loop 25. Do While Loop 26. For Loop 27. break Statement 28. continue Statement 29. Functions 30. User Defined Functions 31. Functions - Returning values 32. Default Argument Value 33. Arguments as Reference 34. Existence of Functions 35. Variable Local and Global Scope 36. The global Keyword 37. GLOBALS Array 38. Superglobals 39. Static Variables
- 3. Introduction to PHP • PHP is a server-side scripting language widely used for web development. • PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor“. • Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. • PHP is open source and free to download and use.
- 4. What PHP Can Do? • PHP can generate dynamic page content. • PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server. • PHP can collect form data. • PHP can send and receive cookies. • PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database. • PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website. • PHP can encrypt data.
- 5. PHP Environment Setup Get a web host with PHP and MySQL support Or Install a web server on your own PC, and then install PHP and MySQL
- 6. What a PHP File is? • PHP files can contain HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code. • PHP files have extension ".php“ • PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML.
- 7. PHP Syntax <html> <head><title>PHP Demo</title></head> <body> <?php echo "Hello World!"; ?> </body> </html> index.php
- 8. Comments in PHP // This is a single line comment # This is also a single line comment /* This is a multiple line comment */
- 9. echo and print Statements echo can output one or more strings echo "Hello world!<br>"; echo "Hello”, “ world!”; print can only output one string, and returns 1 print "Hello world!<br>";
- 10. PHP Variables Variables are temporary memory locations storing data $science = 50; $maths = 60; $total = $science + $maths; echo “Total is: $total”;
- 11. PHP Variables • A variable starts with the $ sign • A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character • A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ ) • Variable names are case sensitive
- 12. PHP Data Types • PHP is a Loosely Typed Language • PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value. • It supports with String, Integer, Floating point, Boolean, Array, Object and NULL data types.
- 13. PHP Data types $pi = 3.14; $week = 7; $name = “Roshan Perera"; $city= ‘kandy’; $valid = 10 > 5; var_dump($pi); var_dump($week); var_dump($name); var_dump($city); var_dump($valid);
- 14. Changing Type by settype() Syntax: settype(mixed var, string type) Ex: $x = 3.14; settype($x,"integer"); var_dump($x);
- 15. Changing Type by Casting Syntax: var = (datatype) var Ex: $x = 3.14; $y = (integer)$x; var_dump($y);
- 16. PHP Constants Once they are defined they cannot be changed define("GREETING", “Hello world!"); echo GREETING; //Case insensitive constant define("GREETING", “Hello world!", true); echo greeting;
- 17. Arithmetic Operators Operator Description Example + Addition A + B will give 30 - Subtraction A - B will give -10 * Multiplication A * B will give 200 / Division B / A will give 2 % Modulus B % A will give 0 ++ Increment B++ gives 21 -- Decrement B-- gives 19 A = 10, B = 20
- 18. String Operators Operator Name Example . Concatenation $str1 = "Hello" $str2 = $txt1 . " world!" .= Concatenation assignment $str1 = "Hello" $str1 .= " world!"
- 19. Assignment Operators Operator Example = C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C += C += A is equivalent to C = C + A -= C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A *= C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A /= C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A %= C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
- 20. Comparison Operators Operator Name Example == Equal (A == B) is false. === Identical (A == B) is false. != Not equal (A != B) is true. <> Not equal (A <> B) is true !== Not identical (A != B) is true. > Greater than (A > B) is false. < Less than (A < B) is true. >= Greater than or equal (A >= B) is false. <= Less than or equal (A <= B) is true. A = 10, B = 20
- 21. Logical Operators Operator Name Example and And (A and B) is False or Or (A or B) is True && And (A && B) is False || Or (A || B) is True xor Exclusive Or (A xor B) is True ! Not !(A && B) is True A = True, B = False
- 22. Operators Precedence ++, -- /, *, % +, - <, <=, >=, > ==, ===, != && || =, +=, -=, /=, *=, %=, .= and xor or Priority
- 23. If Statement if(Boolean_expression){ //Statements will execute if the Boolean expression is true } Boolean Expression Statements True False
- 24. If… Else Statement if(Boolean_expression){ //Executes when the Boolean expression is true }else{ //Executes when the Boolean expression is false } Boolean Expression Statements True False Statements
- 25. If… Else if… Else Statement if(Boolean_expression 1){ //Executes when the Boolean expression 1 is true }else if(Boolean_expression 2){ //Executes when the Boolean expression 2 is true }else if(Boolean_expression 3){ //Executes when the Boolean expression 3 is true }else { //Executes when the none of the above condition is true. }
- 26. If… Else if… Else Statement Boolean expression 1 False Statements Boolean expression 2 Boolean expression 3 Statements Statements False False Statements True True True
- 27. Switch Statement switch (value) { case constant: //statements break; case constant: //statements break; default: //statements }
- 28. The ? Operator If condition is true ? Then Value one : Otherwise Value two $h = 10; $x = $h<12 ? "morning" : "afternoon"; echo $x;
- 30. Do While Loop do{ //Statements }while(Boolean_expression); Boolean Expression Statements True False
- 31. For Loop for(initialization; Boolean_expression; update){ //Statements } Boolean Expression Statements True False Update Initialization
- 34. Functions A function is a block of statements which performing a specific task that can be executed by a call to the function. Two Categories of Functions: 1. PHP Built-in Functions 2. User Defined Functions
- 35. User Defined Functions function functionName(parameters…) { //statements } functionName(arguments…); //calling function
- 36. Functions - Returning values function functionName(parameters…) { //statements return value; } //calling function $variableName = functionName(arguments…);
- 37. Functions – Default Argument Value function functionName($parameter = value) { //statements } functionName(argument); //calling function functionName(); //calling function without argument
- 38. Functions – Arguments as Reference function functionName(&$parameters…) { //statements } functionName($arguments…); //calling function
- 39. Existence of Functions function testFunction(){ //statements } $exist = function_exists("testFunction"); var_dump($exist);
- 40. Variable Local and Global Scope $x = 10; // global scope function testScope() { $y = 20; // local scope echo "Variable x: $x <br/>"; echo "Variable y: $y <br/>"; } testScope(); echo "Variable x: $x <br/>"; echo "Variable y: $y <br/>";
- 41. The global Keyword $x = 10; // global scope function testScope() { global $x; $x = 20; } testScope(); echo "Variable x: $x <br/>";
- 42. GLOBALS Array $x = 10; // global scope function testScope() { $GLOBALS['x'] = 20; } testScope(); echo "Variable x: $x <br/>";
- 43. Superglobals Superglobals are built-in variables that are always available in all scopes. $GLOBALS $_SERVER $_REQUEST $_POST $_GET $_FILES $_ENV $_COOKIE $_SESSION
- 44. Static Variables function testScope() { static $x = 0; $x++; echo "$x<br/>"; } testScope(); testScope(); testScope();
Editor's Notes
- #6: xampp access from other LAN pcs Open httpd-xampp.conf file which is at /opt/lampp/etc/extra/ or in C:\xampp\apache\conf\extra modify the end # # New XAMPP security concept # <LocationMatch "^/(?i:(?:xampp|security|licenses|phpmyadmin|webalizer|server-status|server-info))"> <RequireAny> Require ip ::1 127.0.0.0/8 \ fc00::/7 10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/12 192.168.0.0/16 \ fe80::/10 169.254.0.0/16 </RequireAny> ErrorDocument 403 /error/XAMPP_FORBIDDEN.html.var </LocationMatch>
- #36: PHP Default Argument Value <?php function setHeight($minheight=50) { echo "The height is : $minheight <br>"; } setHeight(350); setHeight(); // will use the default value of 50 setHeight(135); setHeight(80); ?>