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Docker from A to Z, including Swarm and OCCS
- 1. munz & more Docker from A to Z Including Oracle Container Cloud Service OUGN Conference 2017 Dr. Frank Munz
- 2. 2 Frank Munz • Founded munz & more in 2007 • 17 years Oracle Middleware, Cloud, and Distributed Computing • Consulting and High-End Training • Wrote two Oracle WLS and one Cloud book
- 5. Docker • Open Source (evolving), written in Go • Container technology • Portable standard • Runs on Linux (Microsoft, MacOS, Solaris) Google starts 2.000.000.000 containers per week!
- 6. Virtualization vs. Isolation munz & more #6 Linux + Docker Hardware a.war Immutable Docker container in Linux with own FS, network stack / IP address, process space and resource limits. -> Isolation Hardware OVM / VmWare ESX / Xen Application 1 Solaris Application 2 Linux Application 3 Win Server Virtualization Type 1 hypervisor = on bare metal Hardware Mac OS / Win Desktop Virtualization: Type 2 hypervisor = with host OS ejb.jar y.jar x.py JDK WebLogic tools Jython VirtualBox Application1 Linux Application2 Win
- 7. Docker munz & more #7 Linux + Docker Hardware a.war ejb.jar y.jar x.py JDK WebLogic tools Jython Docker is not a lightweight VirtualBox - it's about isolation. Containers run on Linux kernel of host -> Containers are visible on host
- 8. Docker Images • Package format • Layered incremental, copy on write file system • “Application with all dependencies” • Create image yourself or get it from Docker Hub docker image ls munz & more #8 Example Layers: - WLS Domain - WebLogic - Java - Linux Image
- 9. Docker Container • Isolated runtime of Docker image • Starts up in milliseconds • Sandboxing uses Linux namespaces and cgroups (RAM, CPU, filesystem) -> isolated part of your Linux • Open Container Standard / Linux Foundation docker run -d –p 8080:9999 fmunz/micro munz & more #9
- 10. Docker Limitations • Cannot load kernel modules • Applications that manipulate namespaces • Kernel config per container • Some SW not (yet) supported when running in Docker container: Oracle DB etc. munz & more #10
- 11. Solves the “Worked For Me!” issue munz & more #11 OS tools, JDK, patches, database driver, libs, appserver, domain, deployment, tools, scripts Docker OS utils, JDK, patches, database driver, libs, appserver, domain, deployment, tools, scripts Integration, Performance, Acceptance Testing Production dockerize it! You can pass environment variables for specific settings e.g. in prod Docker Registry
- 12. Dockerfile Manually create container with docker buildDockerfile Docker Image Automatic build: gitub push trigger image build +
- 13. Automated Builds • Automatically build your images: GitHub account with Dockerfile • Registry uses GitHub directory structure as build context • Image is uploaded automatically to Docker hub -> Trust, up to date, and transparent
- 14. Dockerfile munz & more #14 Manually create container: docker build –t name .
- 15. And Then Automate • Build Docker images for testing from continuous delivery pipeline • Use Jenkins / Hudson hooks or a maven plugin to create / start / stop /delete Docker containers munz & more #15
- 16. Docker Maven Plugins • Alternative approach to Dockerfile • Various plugins • Few only active munz & more #16 https://github.com/fabric8io/docker-maven-plugin fabric8: docker-maven
- 17. the registry
- 18. Registry • Docker image is not found? -> pulled from registry • Push your image to registry docker push yourname/newimage • Free account includes 1 private registry Also private, containerized registry for download with fs and optional in-memory, S3, or Azure data store munz & more #18
- 19. what should be your biggest nightmare: unknown and unofficial images (>14000) Docker Registry
- 20. clouds
- 21. Docker in the Cloud? Supported by every major cloud provider: munz & more #21 On premise -> all clouds Docker Registry Docker Container Service EC2 Container Service Google Container Engine Azure Container Service Bluemix Containers
- 22. Oracle Cloud and Docker Oracle Container Cloud Service OCCS (covered in part II) • Available now! Oracle Application Container Cloud Service • Uses Docker containers to run your Java or JavaScript application Compute Cloud Service • Manually run your containers Docker Data Center, AWS ECS, Google Container Service • Docker Clouds munz & more #22
- 23. fancy a demo?
- 24. Small Images / Microservices You can have a real service in ... Possible Options: busybox and static binary munz & more #24
- 25. Simple Life Inside Container munz & more #25 processes FS mounts
- 26. #3 Security
- 27. $ docker run -d –p 8080:9999 fmunz/micro
- 28. vs.
- 29. A stranger gives you a box at night and asks you to connect it to your company network: Would you do it?
- 30. Suggestions • Use trusted images / with known Dockerfile • Kernel features are well established – cgroups (2006, merged into 2.6.24 kernel) – namespaces (initial kernel patch 2.4.19) • Docker can use TLS (client to daemon) • Docker images can be signed • Think twice about pulling images from public repos / Docker hub munz & more #30
- 31. FUD "Docker is like chroot() on steroids." • Yes: It's easy to escape chroot() environment • No: Docker does not use chroot() -> it uses namespaces munz & more #31
- 32. Do namespaces solve it? 6 different namespace, but not everything is namespaced, eg: • /proc/sys|irq|bus • /sys, /sys/fs • /dev/mem • /dev/sd* • kernel modules • User namespaces since 1.9 Docker uses read-only mounts where possible munz & more #32
- 33. Linux Capabilities • Privileged container: like being root on host • Capabilities -> Break down power of root • Examine PID 1 capabilities with getpcaps: munz & more #33
- 34. User Namespaces • Before Docker 1.10 root process in container was root process on host – with limited capabilites • With Docker 1.10 user namespaces a root process in container can be mapped to user process on host – Disabled per default – To enable start Docker daemon with --userns-remap munz & more #34
- 35. … more Suggestions • Drop privileges as quickly as possible • Treat root in container as root outside (although it isn't) • No secrets in images • Combine Docker with SELinux, AppArmor and / or virtualization • Host can always access container Note: Public PaaS do not simply spin up Docker containers! munz & more #35
- 36. Cheat Sheet munz & more Source: Container-Solutions.com
- 37. Conclusion • You have to deal with Docker security depending on your use case • Note: Public PaaS are not just spinning up Docker containers they use SELinux, VMs,… • Docker is not a risk per se but new technology with different challenges. munz & more #37
- 38. Oracle Options
- 39. Docker Style • Independent appserver in container • Microservices / 12-factor app architecture • Just add your favorite Docker cluster manager munz & more #39 OS tools, JDK, database driver, libs, appserver, single / selfcontained domain, deployment, tools, scripts
- 40. JDK, WLS, Domain createServer.sh: creates machine/NM, starts NM, creates manServ, starts manServ WebLogic Example munz & more #40 $docker run -d --link wlsadmin:wlsadmin fmdom1 createServer.sh $docker run -d -p 8001:8001 --name=wlsadmin fmdom1 startWebLogic.sh JDK, WLS, Domain startWebLogic.sh starts AdminServer wlsadmin JDK, WLS, Domain createServer.sh: creates machine/NM, starts NM, creates manServ, starts manServ connect to admin due to --link: /etc/hosts 172.17.1.99 wlsadmin 31a1baaf OLD STYLE! Use Networks now…port 8001 IP:port 7001 Managed Servers --link
- 41. Official Support #41^ Oracle support does not require you to use the provided Docker files Oracle Product Official Support GlassFish MySQL yes NoSQL OpenJDK Oracle Linux yes OracleCoherence yes OracleDatabase yes OracleHTTPServer yes OracleJDK yes OracleTuxedo yes OracleWebLogic yes
- 42. Oracle and Docker Different approaches: 1. DIY: Dockerfile from Oracle github 2. Oracle Docker registry 3. Oracle Container Cloud Service munz & more #42
- 43. DIY: Github • Github repo with set up scripts based on Oracle Linux • Docker is a supported environment for WebLogic 12.1.3+ https://github.com/oracle/docker-images munz & more #43
- 44. Just Drop Server JRE and WLS Installer munz & more #44 $ cd java-8 $ docker build -t oracle/jdk:8 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096 kB Step 1 : FROM oraclelinux:latest latest: Pulling from library/oraclelinux 10ec637c060c: Downloading 4.865 MB/97.84 MB ... $ sh buildDockerImage.sh -g -v 12.2.1.1 ...
- 45. Extend the WLS image Sample script provided: • Dockerfile to extend WLS image • Run WLST script to create domain • Create boot.properties • Expose NM, Server ports munz & more #45 Linux Base Image JDK Image WebLogic Image WLS Domain Image
- 46. Docker Registry (New) Docker images from Oracle container registry (restricted to US / OZ / GB!) Get image: $ docker login container-registry.oracle.com $ docker pull container-registry.oracle.com/java/serverjre:8 munz & more #46
- 47. Container Cloud Service (New) Run your Docker in Oracle cloud with OCCS • Dashboards • Services • Stacks of services • Ressource pools • Registries munz & more #47
- 48. OCCS
- 49. OCCS • Easy way to run Docker container in Oracle cloud • No need to install Docker, buy machines etc. • Integrates with Docker hub and Oracle Container registry • Does not use Kubernetes or Docker Swarm
- 50. Dashboard
- 51. Services munz & more #51
- 52. Ressource Pools munz & more #52
- 53. Service Editor
- 54. Deployment Pulls Image munz & more #54
- 55. Running Grafana in OCCS munz & more #55
- 56. Webcasts on Youtube munz & more #56 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFWAUEjtTpk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aRj0WK6uids
- 57. munz & more #57 Is Docker the new PaaS?
- 61. Networking: Facts to Know • Docker --link only works on single host -> regarded as deprecated now • Networking supported since Docker 1.9 • SDN network that spans hosts: Libnetwork implements Container Networking Model (CNM): Endpoint / Network / Sandbox munz & more #61
- 62. Overlay Network munz & more #62
- 63. Networking: Facts to Know • Integrated with Compose / Swarm • Two types: – Bridge: Single host – Overlay: Multiple hosts, based on k-v store munz & more #63
- 65. Cluster Manager Options On Premise Cloud Docker Swarm Docker 1.12 Docker DC (EE) Kubernetes DIY Google Oracle Oracle Registry / Git Oracle CCS munz & more #65
- 66. Kubernetes (K8s) • Kicked off by Google’s borg • Most active github project • Orchestration for containers, e.g. Docker • Declarative configuration • Service discovery • Rolling upgrades munz & more #66
- 67. K8s • YAML configuration • Pod: Container(s) sharing IP, network, filesystem – IP is ephemeral – Uses Labels • Replication Controller -> Replica Set – Manages PODs (restarts replicas based on labels) • Services – Proxy for pod – Permanent IP munz & more #67
- 68. Kubernetes • Not easy to install / manage • Recommended for local: minicube • Cloud: Google container engine • Oracle: somehow announced (?) • OCCS is not K8s munz & more #68
- 69. Docker Swarm • Native Docker cluster with same API as a single engine • Fast provisioning, about 500 msec • Scheduling: spread, binpack, rand • No insecure mode J munz & more #69
- 70. Docker Swarm Since Docker 1.12 • Swarm is merged with Docker engine: • Load balancer included • Service discovery • Cluster scheduler -> Swarm has now more features similar to Kubernetes -> easier to get started munz & more #70
- 71. Step to Create a Swarm 1. Create Swarm master node 2. Create worker nodes 3. Create / scale / update service 4. Use routing mesh munz & more #71
- 72. Swarm Routing Mesh • All nodes participate in routing mesh • Load balancing for services • Service discovery munz & more #72 https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/ingress/ #publish-a-port-for-tcp-only-or-udp-only
- 73. Kubernetes or Swarm? • Swarm wasn’t impressive when released, but this has changed now • Swarm is much easier to understand and to operate • Swarm covers a lot of what K8s does • Swarm is tightly linked to Docker API -> harder to replace Docker with e.g. Rocket munz & more #73
- 74. Docker Swarm munz & more #74
- 75. Google Kubernetes munz & more #75
- 76. Docker Containers in Kubernetes munz & more #76
- 77. Welcome Mini J
- 78. Design Goals for Mini • Hands-on Raspi experience • Kubernetes setup -> Docker Swarm setup • HA / failover / rolling updates • Build something cool munz & more #78
- 79. Design Decisions for Mini • Hypriot Linux • 4 node cluster • ARM based -> runs ARM Docker images • Preferred Gbit switch, but WIFI only – Better I/O throughput with separate WIFI chip – Simplicity – DHCP reservation bug in router -> no MAC reservation for switch • Wifi router in hotspot mode – Mac OS issue with NAT • DIY: github https://github.com/fmunz/raspicluster munz & more #79
- 80. Paper bag Computer Raspberry Pi • 1.2 GHz Quad Core ARM cortex-a53 • RAM: 1 GB LPDDR2 Speicher • Dual Core VideoCore, 1920x1080 • Bluetooth • 802.11 B/G WIFI • Boots from micro SD card • 38 € munz & more #80
- 81. DIY Raspi Docker Cluster munz & more #81 Component Price Raspi 4x 38€ Micro SD 4x 11€ Power 28€ Wifi 22€ Case 30€ Wires 10€
- 82. ... munz & more #82
- 84. munz & more #84 Good Docker book by J. Turnbull / $ 9.99 (covering Docker 1.13)
- 85. Predictions • Swarm will take its share from Kubernetes. • You will not dockerize 90% of your enterprise IT in the next 24 months. • Docker is the new Linux. Be ready to experience that feeling we had with Linux 13 years ago J • Sometimes Docker is the new PaaS. munz & more #85
- 86. Conclusion • Docker is used in production • Docker, but more so cluster managers are still evolving • Docker is not a security risk, but tick off the referenced security checklist • Oracle caught the trend early – good! • Many Oracle products supported already, more to come? munz & more #86
- 87. TL;DR @docker / #cloud works for me: solved / cross cloud / not everything must be a container / just Docker is not enough / #swarm is the easier #k8s / not a security risk / many products offered as images / official Oracle support / consider cloud services. @frankmunz