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Docker intro

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Oleg Z

Docker allows users to package applications with all their dependencies into standardized units called containers that can run on any Linux server. Containers are more lightweight than virtual machines because they share the host operating system and only require the additional libraries and binaries needed to run the application rather than a full guest operating system. Docker uses containers and an image format to deploy applications in a consistent manner across development, testing, and production. The document provides examples of how to define a Dockerfile to build an image, run containers from images using docker-compose, and common Docker commands.

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Getting started with
What is Docker? Pack, ship, and run any application as a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient container that runs virtually anywhere (James Bottomley, CTO, Parallels)
What is Docker? Is not a virtualization technology Built on top of LXC (Linux Containers) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXC
Containers vs Virtual Machines Hardware Virtual machine Host OS Hypervisor Guest OS Guest OS Libraries Libraries Application 1 Application 2
Containers vs Virtual Machines Hardware Virtual machine Host OS Hypervisor Guest OS Guest OS Libraries Libraries Application 1 Application 2 Hardware Container Host OS Docker engine Libraries Libraries Application 1 Application 2 X
Reasons to use at least for development Consistent development environments for your entire team. All developers use the same OS, same system libraries, same language runtime, no matter what host OS they are using (even Windows if you can believe it).
Reasons to use at least for development The development environment is the exact same as the production environment. Meaning you can deploy and it will “just work”. Deployment is easy. If it runs in your container, it will run on your server just the same. Just package up your code and deploy it on a server with the same image or push a new Docker image with your code in it and run that new image.
Reasons to use at least for development You only need Docker to develop. You don’t need to install a bunch of language environments on your machine. Want to run a Ruby script but don’t have Ruby installed? Run it in a Ruby Docker image. Can use multiple language versions without having to resort to all the hackarounds for your language (python, python, ruby, ruby, java, node).
The Copy-on-Write Mechanism When we launch an image, the Docker engine does not make a full copy of the already stored image. Instead, it uses something called the copy-on-write mechanism. This is a standard UNIX pattern that provides a single shared copy of some data, until the data is modified. Because of the copy-on-write mechanism, running containers can take less than 0.1 seconds to start up, and can occupy less than 1MB on disk. Compare this to Virtual Machines (VMs), which can take minutes and can occupy gigabytes of disk space, and you can see why Docker has seen such fast adoption.
DockerHub - github for images
Docker intro
Sounds great, BUT I already have provisioned machine Why should I care about it?
Sounds great, BUT I already have provisioned machine Why should I care about it? Probably, you don’t… Until the environment will change
Dockerfile FROM ruby:2.3.1-slim RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential git postgresql-client libpq-dev --no-install-recommends && apt-get clean
Dockerfile RUN gem install bundler --no-rdoc --no-ri WORKDIR /tmp ADD Gemfile . ADD Gemfile.lock . RUN bundle install --jobs 4 --retry 5 # App RUN mkdir $APP WORKDIR $APP ADD . $APP EXPOSE 5000 ENTRYPOINT bin/docker-entrypoint.sh $0 $@
dockerfile-entrypoint.sh …. ./bin/wait-for-postgres.sh echo "Running in app: $@" exec "$@"
Prerequisites https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/
via Brew and VirtualBox brew install caskroom/cask/brew-cask brew cask install virtualbox brew install docker docker-machine docker-compose # create the vm docker-machine create -d virtualbox default # import environment variables for the docker-cli eval "$(docker-machine env default)" *Make sure you have installed nfs plugin: https://github.com/adlogix/docker-machine-nfs
Docker intro
Docker intro
docker-compose.yml version: '2' services: app: build: . command: ./bin/startup.sh volumes: - .:/app - bundle:/bundle env_file: - ./.docker/db.env ports: - '3000:3000' links: - redis - db redis: ports: - 6379 image: redis:latest db: image: sameersbn/postgresql ports: - 5432 env_file: - ./.docker/db.env volumes: - postgres:/var/lib/postgresql volumes: bundle: postgres:
Application start docker-compose up *NOTE: Your docker machine's ip is 92.168.99.100, to make sure: docker-machine ip docker Point browser to http://192.168.99.100:3000
Useful commands # ssh inside container docker-compose run app bash # run specs/anything inside container docker-compose run app bundle exec rspec # showdown containers docker-compose down
Oleg Zhurbiy, Head of Backend, Ring Questions?
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Docker intro

  • 2. What is Docker? Pack, ship, and run any application as a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient container that runs virtually anywhere (James Bottomley, CTO, Parallels)
  • 3. What is Docker? Is not a virtualization technology Built on top of LXC (Linux Containers) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXC
  • 4. Containers vs Virtual Machines Hardware Virtual machine Host OS Hypervisor Guest OS Guest OS Libraries Libraries Application 1 Application 2
  • 5. Containers vs Virtual Machines Hardware Virtual machine Host OS Hypervisor Guest OS Guest OS Libraries Libraries Application 1 Application 2 Hardware Container Host OS Docker engine Libraries Libraries Application 1 Application 2 X
  • 6. Reasons to use at least for development Consistent development environments for your entire team. All developers use the same OS, same system libraries, same language runtime, no matter what host OS they are using (even Windows if you can believe it).
  • 7. Reasons to use at least for development The development environment is the exact same as the production environment. Meaning you can deploy and it will “just work”. Deployment is easy. If it runs in your container, it will run on your server just the same. Just package up your code and deploy it on a server with the same image or push a new Docker image with your code in it and run that new image.
  • 8. Reasons to use at least for development You only need Docker to develop. You don’t need to install a bunch of language environments on your machine. Want to run a Ruby script but don’t have Ruby installed? Run it in a Ruby Docker image. Can use multiple language versions without having to resort to all the hackarounds for your language (python, python, ruby, ruby, java, node).
  • 9. The Copy-on-Write Mechanism When we launch an image, the Docker engine does not make a full copy of the already stored image. Instead, it uses something called the copy-on-write mechanism. This is a standard UNIX pattern that provides a single shared copy of some data, until the data is modified. Because of the copy-on-write mechanism, running containers can take less than 0.1 seconds to start up, and can occupy less than 1MB on disk. Compare this to Virtual Machines (VMs), which can take minutes and can occupy gigabytes of disk space, and you can see why Docker has seen such fast adoption.
  • 10. DockerHub - github for images
  • 12. Sounds great, BUT I already have provisioned machine Why should I care about it?
  • 13. Sounds great, BUT I already have provisioned machine Why should I care about it? Probably, you don’t… Until the environment will change
  • 14. Dockerfile FROM ruby:2.3.1-slim RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential git postgresql-client libpq-dev --no-install-recommends && apt-get clean
  • 15. Dockerfile RUN gem install bundler --no-rdoc --no-ri WORKDIR /tmp ADD Gemfile . ADD Gemfile.lock . RUN bundle install --jobs 4 --retry 5 # App RUN mkdir $APP WORKDIR $APP ADD . $APP EXPOSE 5000 ENTRYPOINT bin/docker-entrypoint.sh $0 $@
  • 18. via Brew and VirtualBox brew install caskroom/cask/brew-cask brew cask install virtualbox brew install docker docker-machine docker-compose # create the vm docker-machine create -d virtualbox default # import environment variables for the docker-cli eval "$(docker-machine env default)" *Make sure you have installed nfs plugin: https://github.com/adlogix/docker-machine-nfs
  • 21. docker-compose.yml version: '2' services: app: build: . command: ./bin/startup.sh volumes: - .:/app - bundle:/bundle env_file: - ./.docker/db.env ports: - '3000:3000' links: - redis - db redis: ports: - 6379 image: redis:latest db: image: sameersbn/postgresql ports: - 5432 env_file: - ./.docker/db.env volumes: - postgres:/var/lib/postgresql volumes: bundle: postgres:
  • 22. Application start docker-compose up *NOTE: Your docker machine's ip is 92.168.99.100, to make sure: docker-machine ip docker Point browser to http://192.168.99.100:3000
  • 23. Useful commands # ssh inside container docker-compose run app bash # run specs/anything inside container docker-compose run app bundle exec rspec # showdown containers docker-compose down
  • 24. Oleg Zhurbiy, Head of Backend, Ring Questions?