Docker intro
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Docker is an open-source project that allows developers to package applications into lightweight, portable containers that can run on any Linux server. Containers isolate applications from one another and the underlying infrastructure, while still sharing operating system resources to improve efficiency. Docker eliminates inconsistencies between development and production environments by allowing applications to run identically in any computing environment, from a developer's laptop to the cloud. This portability and consistency accelerates the development lifecycle and improves deployment workflows for both developers and operations teams.
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Docker intro
- 2. Contents Introduction to Docker and containers Docker v VM’s Q&A Demo
- 3. Docker Timeline January 2013 Docker started as internal project inside dotCloud March 2013 Docker released to public February 2014 Docker 0.8 released Production ready at 1.0
- 4. In the 7 months since we launched • • • • >140,000 container pulls >6,700 github stars >180 non-employee contributors >150 projects built on top of docker • UIs, mini-PaaS, Remote Desktop…. • 1000’s of Dockerized applications • Memcached, Redis, Node.js…and Hadoop • Integration in Jenkins, Travis, Chef, Puppet, Salt, Va grant and OpenStack • Meetups arranged around the world…with organizations like Ebay, Cloudflare, Yandex, and Rackspace presenting on their use of Docker
- 5. What is Docker ? Docker is an open-source project to easily create lightweight, portable, self-sufficient containers from any application that will run virtually anywhere.
- 6. LIGHTWEIGHT Based on Linux containers Minimal overhead (cpu/io/network) Uses layered filesystem to save space (AUFS - Another Union File System ) Uses a copy-on-write filesystem to track changes
- 7. PORTABLE Can run on any Linux system that supports LXC (today). 0.7 release includes support for RedHat/Fedora family. Raspberry pi support. Future plans to support other container tools (lmctfy, etc.) Possible future support for other operating systems (Solaris, OSX, Windows?)
- 8. SELF-SUFFICIENT A Docker container contains everything it needs to run: • Minimal Base OS • Libraries and frameworks • Application code
- 9. How does Docker work? Docker extends Linux Containers, or LXC, with a high level API providing a lightweight virtualization solution that runs processes in isolation Docker consists of: Docker server daemon which is responsible for managing all the containers Docker command line client which controls the server daemon. Docker image repository is the place to find and browse docker images. It is available at https://index.docker.io/.
- 10. How does Docker work? Docker extends Linux Containers, with a high level API providing a lightweight virtualization solution that runs processes in isolation Docker consists of: Docker server daemon which is responsible for managing all the containers Docker command line client which controls the server daemon. Docker image repository is the place to find and browse docker images. It is available at https://index.docker.io/.
- 11. LinuX Containers(LXC) “LXC" refers to capabilities of the Linux kernel (specifically namespaces and control groups) which allow sandboxing processes from one another, and controlling their resource allocations. Operating system level virtualisation
- 12. Docker functionality on top of containers Guaranteed portable deployment of applications Application-centric Versioning Reuse Sharing
- 13. Why all the excitement?
- 14. User DB Static website postgresql + pgv8 + v8 nginx 1.5 + modsecurity + openssl + bootstrap 2 Background workers Python 3.0 + celery + pyredis + libcurl + ffmpeg + libopencv + nodejs + phantomjs Queue Analytics DB Redis + redis-sentinel hadoop + hive + thrift + OpenJDK Web frontend Ruby + Rails + sass + Unicorn API endpoint Do services and apps interact appropriately? Multiplicity of Stacks The Challenge Development VM Production Cluster Public Cloud QA server Disaster recovery Contributor’s laptop Customer Data Center Production Servers Can I migrate smoothly and quickly? Multiplicity of hardware environments Python 2.7 + Flask + pyredis + celery + psycopg + postgresql-client
- 15. The Matrix From Hell Static website ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Web frontend ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Background workers ? ? ? ? ? ? ? User DB ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Analytics DB ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Queue ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Development VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contributor’s laptop Customer Servers
- 16. Multiplicity of Goods Do I worry about how goods interact (e.g. coffee beans next to spices) Can I transport quickly and smoothly (e.g. from boat to train to truck) Multipilicity of methods for transporting/storing Cargo Transport Pre-1960: Another Matrix from Hell
- 17. A standard container that is loaded with virtually any goods, and stays sealed until it reaches final delivery. …in between, can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another Can I transport quickly and smoothly (e.g. from boat to train to truck) Multiplicity of methods for transporting/storing Do I worry about how goods interact (e.g. coffee beans next to spices) Multiplicity of Goods Solution: Intermodal Shipping Container
- 18. Static website User DB Web frontend Queue Analytics DB An engine that enables any payload to be encapsulated as a lightweight, portable, selfsufficient container… Multiplicity of hardware environments Development VM QA server Customer Data Center Public Cloud Production Cluster Contributor’s laptop Can I migrate smoothly and quickly …that can be manipulated using standard operations and run consistently on virtually any hardware platform Do services and apps interact appropriately? Multiplicity of Stacks Docker is a shipping container system for code
- 19. Docker eliminates the matrix from Hell Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Development VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contributor’s laptop Customer Servers
- 20. Why it works—separation of concerns • Dan the Developer • Worries about what’s “inside” the container • His Apps • • His Package Manager • His Data All Linux servers look the same Worries about what’s “outside” the container • • • • His Libraries • • His code • • Oscar the Ops Guy • Logging Remote access Monitoring Network config All containers start, stop, copy, attach, migrate, etc. the same way
- 21. Why Developers Care • Build once…(finally) run anywhere • A clean and portable runtime environment for your app • No missing dependencies etc. during subsequent deployments • Run each app in its own isolated container • Automate integration, packaging…anything you can script • Eliminate concerns about compatibility on different platforms, either your own or your customers. • Cheap, zero-penalty containers to deploy services? A VM without the overhead of a VM? Instant replay and reset of image snapshots? That’s the power of Docker
- 22. Why Devops Cares? • Configure once…run anything • Make the entire lifecycle more efficient, consistent, and repeatable • Eliminate inconsistencies between development, test, production, and customer environments • Significantly improves the speed and reliability of continuous deployment and continuous integration systems • Because the containers are so lightweight, address significant performance, costs, deployment, and portability issues normally associated with VMs
- 23. Containers vs. VMs App A App A’ App B Bins/ Libs Bins/ Libs Bins/ Libs Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS VM Containers are isolated, but share OS and, where appropriate, bins/libraries …result is significantly faster deployment, much less overhead, easier migration, faster restart Host OS Host OS Server Server Docker Bins/Libs App B’ App B’ App B’ Bins/Libs App B App A’ Hypervisor (Type 2) App A Container
- 24. Why are Docker containers lightweight? VMs Bins/ Libs Bins/ Libs Bins/ Libs Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS Bins/ Libs Original App (No OS to take up space, resources, or require restart) VMs Every app, every copy of an app, and every slight modification of the app requires a new virtual server App Δ App A App A App A Bins/ App A’ App A Guest OS Containers Copy of App No OS. Can Share bins/libs Modified App Copy on write capabilities allow us to only save the diffs Between container A and container A’
- 25. What are the basics of the Docker system? Container A Docker Public Index Push (or Private Registry) Index Search Run Build Dockerfile For A Docker Container C Host 1 OS (Linux) Container B Docker Engine Container A Source Code Repository Pull Host 2 OS (Linux)
- 26. Changes and Updates Push App Δ App A Bins/ Bins/ Libs Docker Container Image Registry Container Mod A’ Container Mod A’’ App Δ Base Container Image Bins/ Libs Bins/ App A Bins/ Libs Bins/ App A’’ Update Docker Engine Host is now running A’’ Docker Engine Host running A wants to upgrade to A’’. Requests update. Gets only diffs
- 27. Want to learn more: • www.docker.io: • Documentation • Getting started: interactive tutorial, installation instructions, getting started guide, • About: Introductory whitepaper: http://www.docker.io/the-whole-story/ • Github: dotcloud/docker • IRC: freenode/#docker • Google groups: groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/docker-user • Twitter: follow @docker