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Docker introduction

Jo Ee Liew
Jo Ee Liew

This document provides an introduction to Docker, including what Docker is, why it matters, and how it works. Some key points: - Docker implements lightweight containers that provide process isolation using features of the Linux kernel like cgroups and namespaces. It allows building and shipping applications without dependency and compatibility issues. - Docker solves the "N times N" compatibility problem that arises when applications need to run in different environments. Its portable containers and standardized operations help automate development and deployment workflows. - Containers isolate applications from one another and their dependencies without the overhead of virtual machines. This makes them lightweight and efficient while still providing isolation of applications and flexibility to run anywhere.

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Introduction to docker
l SCADA Engineer by day l Software developer by night l Particularly interest in bleeding edge technology and automating using these `bleeding edge` technology and Continuos Delivery l Warning! I am not associate with Docker Inc, just another free ambasador to Docker. l Btw: This slide is adapted from original dotcloud why-docker presentation l Jo Ee Liew
What is a docker l Docker implements a high-level API to provide lightweight containers that run processes in isolation [citation from wikipedia] l Built on top of facilities provided by the Linux kernel, cgroups and namespaces [citation from wikipedia] l Open Source project under Apache License 2.0 l isolation
Image by: http://www.zdnet.com/article/docker-libcontainer-unifies-linux-container-powers/
Why Docker Matter?
Results in N X N compatibility nightmare Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Develop ment VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contribut orโ€™s laptop Custome r Servers ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Develop ment VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contribut orโ€™s laptop Custome r Servers Docker solves the NXN problem
Why containers matter Physical Containers Docker Content Agnostic The same container can hold almost any type of cargo Can encapsulate any payload and its dependencies Hardware Agnostic Standard shape and interface allow same container to move from ship to train to semi-truck to warehouse to crane without being modified or opened Using operating system primitives (e.g. LXC) can run consistently on virtually any hardwareโ€”VMs, bare metal, openstack, public IAAS, etc.โ€”without modification Content Isolation and Interaction No worry about anvils crushing bananas. Containers can be stacked and shipped together Resource, network, and content isolation. Avoids dependency hell Automation Standard interfaces make it easy to automate loading, unloading, moving, etc. Standard operations to run, start, stop, commit, search, etc. Perfect for devops: CI, CD, autoscaling, hybrid clouds Highly efficient No opening or modification, quick to move between waypoints Lightweight, virtually no perf or start-up penalty, quick to move and manipulate Separation of duties Shipper worries about inside of box, carrier worries about outside of box Developer worries about code. Ops worries about infrastructure.
Why Developers Care โ€ข Build onceโ€ฆrun anywhere โ€ข Configure onceโ€ฆrun anything
Why you would Care (as non-developer) โ€ข All I care is a RUNNING application โ€ข And Not tinkering with dependencies and funny operating system settings or even software settings
Docker introduction
Real World Scenario Sells Software $$$$
Real World Scenario Install the Software
Real World Scenario
Real World Scenario
Real World Scenario Call the Vendor Usually you dont get to talk to the salesman(who promise you the sky) or the developer directly
Real World Scenario Etc: Did you even power up the PC, Wrong Dependency, Wrong software settings? Are you serious , wrong firing seqeunce??!!
How would Docker change the fact Sells a Solution $$$$
Real World Scenario Install the Software Or Private Registry
Real World Scenario
Real World Scenario
Real World Scenario Call the Vendor
Real World Scenario
Containers vs. VMs Picture by http://sattia.blogspot.com.au/2014/05/docker-lightweight-linux-containers-for.html
Containers vs. VMs โ€ข Performance comparison chart is very confusing i. http://en.community.dell.com/techcenter/high-performance-computing/b/general_hpc/archive/2014/11/04/containers-docker- virtual-machines-and-hpc ii. http://cs.nyu.edu/courses/fall14/CSCI-GA.3033-010/vmVcontainers.pdf iii. http://blogs.vmware.com/performance/2014/10/docker-containers-performance-vmware-vsphere.html โ€ข But, minumum specification for the popular operating system is the following โ€ข On top of every VM guest, thes CPU settings and RAM is required to be adminstrate (omitting the removable drive) wheras this not the nature to set these requirement for Docker container.
What else does the docker does โ€ข Run in its own process space โ€ข Has its own network interface OR multiple interfaces [require some hacking] โ€ข Can run processes as root or specific user โ€ข Can run its own /sbin/init โ€ข Can expose the host's filesystem [you have been warned!!] โ€ข Can expose port, kernel filesystem of container's host โ€ข Limit the cpu, cpuset and memory when running container โ€ข Running multiple container in the different host [but this is part of the `battery` included package]
What docker `not yet` do โ€ข Cannot limit blkio limit (natively), there is workaround โ€ข Cannot limit disk quota on container, there is workaround โ€ข Cannot cross host networking the containers without exposing the traffic externally or via namespace. [could cause network conflict if not carefully administrate], again there is `plenty` work around
Enough talking! Show me! โ€ข The easiest way to run the Docker: โ€ข >docker pull ubuntu:12.04 โ€ข >docker run ubuntu:12.04 /bin/sh -c โ€œecho hello worldโ€ โ€ข >docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c1897642c6c7 ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/sh -c 'echo he 22 seconds ago Exited (0) 20 seconds ago insane_ritchie >docker rm c1897642c6c7
โ€ข How about running some application with X โ€ข >docker pull ubuntu:12.04 >docker run -i -t -e DISPLAY=:0.0 -v /tmp/.X11- unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw ubuntu:12.04withfirefox /usr/bin/firefox
Types of docker โ€ข Application Container (is the most common) โ€ข Data-only Container (is also common) โ€ข Management Container โ€ข Once-off-utiliy container โ€ข Ambasador Container โ€ข Repository Container โ€ข Other more
Data only container โ€ข The easiest way to run the Docker: โ€ข >docker run -v /tmp โ€“name data-only-container ubuntu:12.04withfirefox โ€ข >docker run โ€“volume-from data-only-container /bin/ls /tmp
Networking โ€ข When Docker container is created l It will create a veth pair connecting to bridge and another connecting to the docker container namespace l The default bridge docker0 โ€ข Lets see!
Networking Image by: https://linuxmeerkat.wordpress.com/
Networking โ€ข To expose the port to external l docker run -p 20000:2000 ubuntu /bin/bash [system]:[internal] โ€ข 3 ways to run the docker l --net=none l --net=host l --net=container_id or name [I havent tried this option] โ€ข To link 2 containers l --link=CONTAINER_NAME:ALIAS
Where are we going with this? โ€ข Ochestration l -Docker Machine l -Docker Swarm l -Docker Compose
Other API for Ochestration โ€ข Kurbenetes โ€ข Marathon โ€ข Fleet [ I havent tried yet] โ€ข Others
Reference โ€ข James Turnbull : The docker book โ€ข Docker Blog โ€ข Mesosphere Blog โ€ข Any other resources online. Thanks abundant.
Next session 'Show and Tell' โ€ข Docker build โ€ข Docker inspect โ€ข Docker exec โ€ข Exposing the host filesystem to the docker container โ€ข More ...
*I am still looking for the coolest job under the Sun!!! Contact me: liewjoee@gmail.com or au.linkedin.com/in/liewjoee Thank You!
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Docker introduction

  • 2. l SCADA Engineer by day l Software developer by night l Particularly interest in bleeding edge technology and automating using these `bleeding edge` technology and Continuos Delivery l Warning! I am not associate with Docker Inc, just another free ambasador to Docker. l Btw: This slide is adapted from original dotcloud why-docker presentation l Jo Ee Liew
  • 3. What is a docker l Docker implements a high-level API to provide lightweight containers that run processes in isolation [citation from wikipedia] l Built on top of facilities provided by the Linux kernel, cgroups and namespaces [citation from wikipedia] l Open Source project under Apache License 2.0 l isolation
  • 6. Results in N X N compatibility nightmare Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Develop ment VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contribut orโ€™s laptop Custome r Servers ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
  • 7. Static website Web frontend Background workers User DB Analytics DB Queue Develop ment VM QA Server Single Prod Server Onsite Cluster Public Cloud Contribut orโ€™s laptop Custome r Servers Docker solves the NXN problem
  • 8. Why containers matter Physical Containers Docker Content Agnostic The same container can hold almost any type of cargo Can encapsulate any payload and its dependencies Hardware Agnostic Standard shape and interface allow same container to move from ship to train to semi-truck to warehouse to crane without being modified or opened Using operating system primitives (e.g. LXC) can run consistently on virtually any hardwareโ€”VMs, bare metal, openstack, public IAAS, etc.โ€”without modification Content Isolation and Interaction No worry about anvils crushing bananas. Containers can be stacked and shipped together Resource, network, and content isolation. Avoids dependency hell Automation Standard interfaces make it easy to automate loading, unloading, moving, etc. Standard operations to run, start, stop, commit, search, etc. Perfect for devops: CI, CD, autoscaling, hybrid clouds Highly efficient No opening or modification, quick to move between waypoints Lightweight, virtually no perf or start-up penalty, quick to move and manipulate Separation of duties Shipper worries about inside of box, carrier worries about outside of box Developer worries about code. Ops worries about infrastructure.
  • 9. Why Developers Care โ€ข Build onceโ€ฆrun anywhere โ€ข Configure onceโ€ฆrun anything
  • 10. Why you would Care (as non-developer) โ€ข All I care is a RUNNING application โ€ข And Not tinkering with dependencies and funny operating system settings or even software settings
  • 12. Real World Scenario Sells Software $$$$
  • 16. Real World Scenario Call the Vendor Usually you dont get to talk to the salesman(who promise you the sky) or the developer directly
  • 17. Real World Scenario Etc: Did you even power up the PC, Wrong Dependency, Wrong software settings? Are you serious , wrong firing seqeunce??!!
  • 18. How would Docker change the fact Sells a Solution $$$$
  • 19. Real World Scenario Install the Software Or Private Registry
  • 24. Containers vs. VMs Picture by http://sattia.blogspot.com.au/2014/05/docker-lightweight-linux-containers-for.html
  • 25. Containers vs. VMs โ€ข Performance comparison chart is very confusing i. http://en.community.dell.com/techcenter/high-performance-computing/b/general_hpc/archive/2014/11/04/containers-docker- virtual-machines-and-hpc ii. http://cs.nyu.edu/courses/fall14/CSCI-GA.3033-010/vmVcontainers.pdf iii. http://blogs.vmware.com/performance/2014/10/docker-containers-performance-vmware-vsphere.html โ€ข But, minumum specification for the popular operating system is the following โ€ข On top of every VM guest, thes CPU settings and RAM is required to be adminstrate (omitting the removable drive) wheras this not the nature to set these requirement for Docker container.
  • 26. What else does the docker does โ€ข Run in its own process space โ€ข Has its own network interface OR multiple interfaces [require some hacking] โ€ข Can run processes as root or specific user โ€ข Can run its own /sbin/init โ€ข Can expose the host's filesystem [you have been warned!!] โ€ข Can expose port, kernel filesystem of container's host โ€ข Limit the cpu, cpuset and memory when running container โ€ข Running multiple container in the different host [but this is part of the `battery` included package]
  • 27. What docker `not yet` do โ€ข Cannot limit blkio limit (natively), there is workaround โ€ข Cannot limit disk quota on container, there is workaround โ€ข Cannot cross host networking the containers without exposing the traffic externally or via namespace. [could cause network conflict if not carefully administrate], again there is `plenty` work around
  • 28. Enough talking! Show me! โ€ข The easiest way to run the Docker: โ€ข >docker pull ubuntu:12.04 โ€ข >docker run ubuntu:12.04 /bin/sh -c โ€œecho hello worldโ€ โ€ข >docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c1897642c6c7 ubuntu:12.04 "/bin/sh -c 'echo he 22 seconds ago Exited (0) 20 seconds ago insane_ritchie >docker rm c1897642c6c7
  • 29. โ€ข How about running some application with X โ€ข >docker pull ubuntu:12.04 >docker run -i -t -e DISPLAY=:0.0 -v /tmp/.X11- unix:/tmp/.X11-unix:rw ubuntu:12.04withfirefox /usr/bin/firefox
  • 30. Types of docker โ€ข Application Container (is the most common) โ€ข Data-only Container (is also common) โ€ข Management Container โ€ข Once-off-utiliy container โ€ข Ambasador Container โ€ข Repository Container โ€ข Other more
  • 31. Data only container โ€ข The easiest way to run the Docker: โ€ข >docker run -v /tmp โ€“name data-only-container ubuntu:12.04withfirefox โ€ข >docker run โ€“volume-from data-only-container /bin/ls /tmp
  • 32. Networking โ€ข When Docker container is created l It will create a veth pair connecting to bridge and another connecting to the docker container namespace l The default bridge docker0 โ€ข Lets see!
  • 34. Networking โ€ข To expose the port to external l docker run -p 20000:2000 ubuntu /bin/bash [system]:[internal] โ€ข 3 ways to run the docker l --net=none l --net=host l --net=container_id or name [I havent tried this option] โ€ข To link 2 containers l --link=CONTAINER_NAME:ALIAS
  • 35. Where are we going with this? โ€ข Ochestration l -Docker Machine l -Docker Swarm l -Docker Compose
  • 36. Other API for Ochestration โ€ข Kurbenetes โ€ข Marathon โ€ข Fleet [ I havent tried yet] โ€ข Others
  • 37. Reference โ€ข James Turnbull : The docker book โ€ข Docker Blog โ€ข Mesosphere Blog โ€ข Any other resources online. Thanks abundant.
  • 38. Next session 'Show and Tell' โ€ข Docker build โ€ข Docker inspect โ€ข Docker exec โ€ข Exposing the host filesystem to the docker container โ€ข More ...
  • 39. *I am still looking for the coolest job under the Sun!!! Contact me: [email protected] or au.linkedin.com/in/liewjoee Thank You!