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Docker Security and Content Trust
- 1. Docker Security and Content Trust
- 2. Containers as a Service (CaaS) Developers IT Operations BUILD Development Environments SHIP Secure Content & Collaboration RUN Deploy, Manage, Scale
- 4. Docker delivers end-to-end integrated security Developers IT Operations BUILD Development Environments SHIP Secure Content & Collaboration RUN Deploy, Manage, Scale 4 Secure Content Content Trust and Project Nautilus Secure Access Authorization, Authentication, Access Control (AAA) Secure Platform Runtime containment and isolation
- 5. cGroups Namespaces User Namespaces Linux Security Modules Seccomp Runtime Containment
- 6. • Kernel function Docker users to control resource access • Helps to ensure appropriate multi-tenancy behavior • Sets limits and constraints on hardware resources – For example CPU or memory limits with --memory or --cpu Containment: Control Groups
- 7. • Enables granular specification of user capabilities • Root users have access to all capabilities – Non-root users more restricted, but can elevate • Capabilities in a Docker container are < half of a Linux process • Reduces possibility of system level impact on intrusion due to limited capabilities • Modify capabilities with --cap-drop / --cap-add Containment: Capabilities
- 8. • Namespaces provide the isolated workspace for “the container” • Containers are actually made up of several different namespaces that manage different items, some examples: – pid: process isolation – net: network interfaces – ipc: access to IPC resources – mnt: mount-points – uts: kernel and version identifiers • By default containers run with full root privileges • User Namespaces allow full-featured containers without root privilege Containment: Namespaces
- 9. • Enhanced access controls • Assign privileges for each container by user group • Separate container and Docker daemon level privileges • Containers no longer have root access to host Docker Host Container 1 Container 2 Container 3 Containment: User Namespaces
- 10. • Granular policy control defining what syscalls containers can make • Increase security by reducing attack surface of the Linux kernel • Secure by default with “default profile” applied to all containers • Syscalls like acct, add_key, clone, kexec_load, mount, reboot and others are blocked by default profile Docker Host Container 1 Container 2 Container 3 Security: Seccomp Profiles
- 11. • Linux Security Modules (LSM) provides a general kernel framework to support security modules – In particular Mandatory Access Control (Mac) modules • Popular modules include: – AppArmor – SELinux – Smack – TOMOYO • By default Docker supports AppArmor (Ubuntu) and SELinux (Red Hat / Centos) Containment: Linux Security Modules (LSM)
- 12. ● Publisher digitally signs the Docker images before sending them to the cloud ● Any user can independently verify the digital signatures on the images Content: Docker Content Trust
- 13. • YubiKey 4 hardware ensures root key is never exposed • Publisher’s root key can’t be stolen AND Content Trust protects content itself from attacks • Touch to sign ensures human interaction • Available in Docker Experimental and Notary 0.1 Content: Integrated Hardware Signing
- 14. Content: Trust on Docker Hub Docker Hub supports storage and distribution of images signed with Docker Content Trust • Docker hosts and manages the Notary server • All 93 official repos signed by Docker Content Trust • Opt in to Docker Content Trust on your commercially supported Docker Engines • Signed images can be pushed and pulled from Docker Hub repos (signed status is not exposed in the UI at this time)
- 15. Use Case: Image Forgery
- 16. Use Case: Replay Attacks
- 17. Use Case: Compromised Keys
- 18. GA of Docker Security Scanning (formerly Project Nautilus) enabling detailed image security profiles, continuous vulnerability monitoring and notifications for integrated content security in the software supply chain ● Limited time free trial for Docker Cloud private repo customers ● Coming soon as an integrated feature in Docker Datacenter ● Expanding soon to all Docker Cloud repo users Updated Docker Bench for checking host and daemon configs ● Implement recommendations from latest CIS Docker 1.11.0 Benchmark Security Scanning
- 19. Deep visibility with binary level scanning • Detailed BOM of included components and vulnerability profile • Checks packages against CVE database AND the code inside to protect against tampering • Covers wide range of languages, binaries, OS Proactive risk management • Continuous monitoring of CVE/NVD databases with notifications pointing to repos and tags that contain new vulnerabilities Sample Bill of Materials (BOM) Secure Content: Image Scanning
- 20. Docker enables least privilege microservices Developers IT Operations BUILD Development Environments SHIP Secure Content & Collaboration RUN Deploy, Manage, Scale Secure Content Content Trust and Project Nautilus Secure Access Authorization, Authentication, Access Control (AAA) Secure Platform Runtime containment and isolation
- 21. CIS (Center of Internet Security) Docker Benchmark • Prescriptive guidance on securing Docker environments • Community collaboration: CIS, Docker, VMware, and others. • Addresses Linux host configuration as well as Docker-specific configuration • https://benchmarks.cisecurity.org/downloads/benchmarks/index.cfm Docker Bench • Automated tool to assess security compliance of your Docker configurations • www.dockerbench.com Best Practices and Tools
- 22. • Open source project on Github (github.com/docker/notary) • Based on TUF (The Update Framework) • Sign content with offline keys • Trust thresholds (require K out of N keys) (Stealing a key reduces signing requirements, but doesn't break the whole model) • Guarantee freshness • Distribute signed content on (potentially insecure) servers (leverage existing (insecure) transport and mirrors) • Basis for Docker Content Trust Content Trust: Notary
- 23. Demo