The advent of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is dramatically changing the way in which telecommunication networks are designed and operated. Traditional specialized physical appliances are replaced with software modules, called Virtual Network functions(VNFs), running on a virtualization infrastructure made up of general purpose servers. Examples of VNFs categories are NATs (Network Address Translation), firewalls, DPIs (Deep Packet Inspection), IDSs (Intrusion Detection System), load balancers, HTTP proxies. Service Function Chaining (SFC) denotes the process of forwarding packets through the sequence of VNFs. IPv6 Segment Routing (SRv6) is a source routing paradigm that allows to steer packets through an ordered list of VNFs in a simple and scalable manner. In this slides, we present the architecture of SFC using SRv6 for both cases of SRv6-aware and SRv6-unaware VNFs. We provide an open source implementation and easy replicable testbed for the presented work.
MySQL Database Architectures - MySQL InnoDB ClusterSet 2021-11Kenny Gryp
Oracle's MySQL solutions make it easy to setup various database architectures and achieve high availability with the introduction MySQL InnoDB Cluster and MySQL InnoDB ReplicaSet meeting various high availability requirements. MySQL InnoDB ClusterSet provides a popular disaster recovery solution.
Completely built in-house and supported by Oracle, many enterprises large and small have adopted these solutions into business critical applications.
In this presentation the various database architecture solutions for high availability and disaster recovery will be covered and help you choose the right solutions based on your business requirements.
This document discusses messaging queues and platforms. It begins with an introduction to messaging queues and their core components. It then provides a table comparing 8 popular open source messaging platforms: Apache Kafka, ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, NATS, NSQ, Redis, ZeroMQ, and Nanomsg. The document discusses using Apache Kafka for streaming and integration with Google Pub/Sub, Dataflow, and BigQuery. It also covers benchmark testing of these platforms, comparing throughput and latency. Finally, it emphasizes that messaging queues can help applications by allowing producers and consumers to communicate asynchronously.
This document discusses messaging queues and platforms. It begins with an introduction to messaging queues and their core components. It then provides a table comparing 8 popular open source messaging platforms: Apache Kafka, ActiveMQ, RabbitMQ, NATS, NSQ, Redis, ZeroMQ, and Nanomsg. The document discusses using Apache Kafka for streaming and integration with Google Pub/Sub, Dataflow, and BigQuery. It also covers benchmark testing of these platforms, comparing throughput and latency. Finally, it emphasizes that messaging queues can help applications by allowing producers and consumers to communicate asynchronously.
この資料では、Docker for Windows を使って Windows OS 上で Linux ベースのアプリを開発する方法、そして Web アプリを含む Docker コンテナをクラウド環境(Azure 環境)に展開する方法について解説します。
※ 本資料では Docker の Linux コンテナのみを取り扱います。(Windows コンテナは取り扱いません。Windows OS で使い慣れたエディタや開発環境を使いつつ、Docker for Windows を活用して Linux 上でデバッグを行う、というシナリオを扱っています。)
※ 資料の概要は以下の blog エントリを参照してください。
https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/nakama/2018/09/27/dockerandazure/
Container SIG Meet-up 2016 Fall @ Tokyo
Oct 6, 2016
Container SIG Meet-up 2016 Fall - connpass
http://connpass.com/event/40320/
20250403 [KubeCon EU] containerd - Project Update and Deep Dive.pdfAkihiro Suda
Join containerd maintainers for an update and deep dive into the latest developments in containerd. This panel will feature discussion of the launch and adoption of containerd 2.0, what’s next in 2.1, 1.7’s transition into Extended support, and how LTS is going with 1.6. Topics will also include how the containerd project is involved with the KEP process and highlight how the broader cloud native ecosystem is enhanced through extension points in containerd and subprojects like runwasi.
https://sched.co/1td0k
20240415 [Container Plumbing Days] Usernetes Gen2 - Kubernetes in Rootless Do...Akihiro Suda
Rootless mode is a technique to harden containers by running the container engine as a non-root user. The support for rootless mode has been merged into Docker since v19.03 (2019) and in Kubernetes since v1.22 (2021). However, setting up Rootless Kubernetes has been more challenging than setting up Rootless Docker due to its complexity. This session presents Usernetes Generation 2, a Kubernetes distribution that wraps Kubernetes in Rootless Docker for ease of setting up multi-node Rootless Kubernetes clusters. Unlike the original Usernetes (Generation 1) that was based on "Kubernetes The Hard Way", Usernetes Generation 2 supports kubeadm. Usernetes Generation 2 is similar to `kind` and `minikube`, however, unlike them Usernetes Generation 2 supports forming real multi-node clusters using Flannel (VXLAN) and it can be potentially used for production clusters. https://github.com/rootless-containers/usernetes
20240321 [KubeCon EU Pavilion] Lima.pdf_Akihiro Suda
Lima is a tool for running Linux virtual machines and containers on macOS. It provides automatic host filesystem sharing, port forwarding, and integration with container runtimes like Docker and Kubernetes. Users can launch preconfigured Linux distro and container engine templates with a single command.
20240320 [KubeCon EU Pavilion] containerd.pdfAkihiro Suda
An industry-standard container runtime that is graduated by the CNCF and adopted by major Kubernetes services and distributions. It is designed to be pluggable and support new features through plugins like remote snapshotters and WASM runtimes. It provides plugins for runtimes like runc and runhcs, snapshotters like overlayfs and btrfs, and tools like nerdctl and containerd v2.0 which focus on cleaning up deprecated features and improving user namespace support.
20240201 [HPC Containers] Rootless Containers.pdfAkihiro Suda
Rootless containers put the container runtime in a user namespace to limit privileges. This improves security by preventing access to other users' files, ability to modify the kernel or firmware. Rootless containers have been supported by container runtimes since 2014 and are useful for shared computing environments. Key aspects include user namespaces remap UIDs to limit privileges to inside namespaces, and networking solutions like slirp4netns or bypass4netns to provide networking without privileges. Rootless Kubernetes called Usernetes allows running Kubernetes without root privileges and supports multi-node clusters.
[Podman Special Event] Kubernetes in Rootless PodmanAkihiro Suda
- Kubernetes can run in rootless containers using techniques like Podman, Docker, and containerd which map the root user inside containers to a non-root user on the host for improved security.
- Popular ways to run rootless Kubernetes include kind, minikube wrapped in Podman containers, and Usernetes which supports real multi-node clusters across multiple hosts using networking like Flannel.
- Future work includes promoting the "KubeletInUserNamespace" feature flag and eliminating overhead of user-mode TCP/IP for containers to improve the rootless Kubernetes experience.
Lima is a tool for running Linux virtual machines on macOS to run containers. It provides automatic host filesystem sharing, port forwarding, and integration with container runtimes like Docker and Kubernetes. It uses QEMU or macOS's Virtualization.framework as the hypervisor and supports networking and filesystem options like sshfs, virtio-9p-pci, and virtiofs. It includes templates for common Linux distros and container engines that can be launched with a single command.
Containerd is a CNCF graduated, open source container runtime with many enterprise users. It uses plugins to support features like remote images, WASM runtimes, and different OSes. The runtime provides snapshotters for storage like overlayfs and btrfs, and runtime plugins for Linux, Windows, FreeBSD and WASM. Nerdctl is a container CLI similar to Docker but optimized for Containerd experiments. Recent updates include sandboxing for "pauseless" pods and image transfer APIs, with a focus on cleaning deprecated features and improving user namespaces in upcoming versions.
https://github.com/rootless-containers/usernetes
Usernetes (Gen2) deploys a Kubernetes cluster inside Rootless Docker, so as to mitigate potential container-breakout vulnerabilities.
Usernetes (Gen2) is similar to Rootless kind and Rootless minikube, but Usernetes (Gen 2) supports creating a cluster with multiple hosts.
[DockerCon 2023] Reproducible builds with BuildKit for software supply chain ...Akihiro Suda
Images maintained by a reputable organization or an individual are often considered to be trustworthy; however, it is hard to deny the possibility that they might have silently injected malicious codes that are not present in the source repo. Also, even if they have no malicious intent, their images can still be compromised on an accidental leakage of registry credentials.
The latest release of BuildKit solves this supply chain security concern with reproducible builds. Reproducible builds is a technique to ensure that a bit-for-bit identical image can be reproduced from its source code, by anybody, at any time. When multiple actors can attest to an image's reproducibility, it signifies that the image contains no code of a secret origin.
Audiences of this talk will learn how they can and how sometimes they cannot make their images reproducible to improve their trust.
The internals and the latest trends of container runtimesAkihiro Suda
The document discusses the internals and latest trends of container runtimes. It describes how container runtimes like Docker use kernel features like namespaces and cgroups to isolate containers. It explains how containerd and runc work together to manage the lifecycles of container processes. It also covers security measures like capabilities, AppArmor, and SELinux that container runtimes employ to safeguard the host system.
This document summarizes Lima, an open-source tool for running Linux virtual machines and containers on macOS. Lima provides automatic host filesystem sharing and port forwarding, and integrates with container engines like Docker and container orchestrators like Kubernetes. It uses QEMU or macOS's Virtualization.framework as the hypervisor and supports networking and storage drivers. Templates are provided for common Linux distributions and container tools.
An industry-standard container runtime that is graduated by the CNCF since 2019 and adopted by major Kubernetes services and distributions. It is designed to be pluggable to support new features like remote snapshotting and WASM runtimes. Containerd provides plugins for snapshotting storage backends, runtimes for different operating systems, and tools like nerdctl for experimenting with new containerd capabilities. Upcoming versions will focus on cleaning deprecated features and improving APIs for image transfer and user namespaces.
11. 10
Copyright 2021 NTT CORPORATION
比較観点: アーキテクチャ
ベンチマーク
# docker pull nginx:alpine
# ntimes –n 300 docker run –d nginx:alpine
Docker: overlay2, runc / Podman: overlay, crun / ホスト: Ubuntu 20.10、CPU 4コア、RAM 8GB
Docker Podman
平均 275 ms 377 ms
最大 415 ms 576 ms
最小 227 ms 247 ms
標準偏差 23 ms 58 ms
99th パーセンタイル 337 ms 500 ms
95th パーセンタイル 310 ms 465 ms
50th パーセンタイル 273 ms 381 ms