Doctor patient relationship
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The document discusses the doctor-patient relationship and its importance in treatment success. It covers several key points: - Sociologist Talcott Parsons was among the earliest to examine the doctor-patient relationship and viewed illness as a form of social deviance. The roles of doctors and patients are socially prescribed. - Relationships have evolved from a traditional paternalistic model to ones emphasizing mutuality and shared decision making. Consultation styles can be doctor-centered or patient-centered. - Factors like time, the patient's characteristics, and structural contexts influence relationships. Good communication and compliance are important for positive outcomes.
Doctor patient relationship
- 1. Doctor Patient relationship Dr. Rizwan SA, M.D., “Men who are occupied in the restoration of health to other men are above all the great of the earth, since to preserve and renew is almost as noble as to create.” - Voltaire
- 2. Doctor Patient relationship • The nature of the relationship determines the success of the treatment/intervention • PARSONS was one of the earliest sociologist to examine doctor patient relationship • He regarded illness as a form of social deviance (impairs normal role performance, affects smooth functioning of the society) • The amount of illness is controlled by socially prescribed roles for doctors & patients 2
- 3. Parsons Social roles of doctors & patients 3
- 4. Other models Szasz & hollender • Seriously ill patient – activity passivity model • Acute ( infectious diseases) – guidance cooperation model • Chronic diseases – mutual participation model 4
- 5. Conflicts in doctors role • Doctors own values vs. patients (abortion, AIDS, homosexuality) • Interest of the patient vs. state (sick note, notification) • Interest of individual patients vs. wider population (rationing of resources) • Confidentiality 5
- 6. Outcomes • Clinical • Satisfaction • Doctor • Failure to elicit patients worries & interpretation of symptoms lead to believe that patients have consulted inappropriately & their time & skills are wasted • Patient • Perception of the doctors interpersonal & clinical skills • Patients satisfaction with the initial consultation • Information & advice given 6
- 7. Types of doctor patient relationship 7
- 8. Types of doctor patient relationship Paternalistic • The traditional D-P relationship If I’ve told you once I told you 1,000 times, stop smoking!!” • Doctor Takes on role of “parent” • Patient submissive • Shift towards Mutuality 8
- 9. Types of doctor patient relationship Mutuality • Equal partners • Meeting between experts • Joint venture • Exchange of ideas 9
- 10. Types of doctor patient relationship Consumerist • Doctor: passive • Patient : active role • Second opinion, referral to hospital, sick note You’re paid to do what I tell you!!” 10
- 11. Types of doctor patient relationship Default • Patient adopts a passive role • Doctor reduces his control • If patient is not aware of alternatives to passive patient role/ timid in adopting a participative relationship 11
- 12. Influences on doctor patient relationship - Consultation style Doctor centered • Paternalistic - doctor is the expert and patient expected to cooperate • Tightly controlled interviewing style aimed at reaching an organic diagnosis. • Closed questions • ‘voice of medicine’- focus on biomedical diagnosis and treatment as quickly as possible 12
- 13. Influences on doctor patient relationship - Consultation style Patient centered • Mutuality • Less authoritarian - encourages patient to their own feelings and concerns • Open questioning, interested in psycho-social aspect of illness • Voice of the patient- communication of patients beliefs feelings & psychosocial context (bio psychosocial) 13
- 14. Influences on doctor patient relationship - Time • Average 6 minutes • Pressures of time- doctor centered consultation • However, doctors own style & approach influences than the time available • Patient centric approach needs more time but overall reduces the number of return visits & thus the total consultation time 14
- 15. Influences on doctor patient relationship - Patient The patient’s ability to exercise and control depends on a number of factors: • Age • Social and educational level • Sex • Different languages • Membership of an ethnic minority 15
- 16. Influences on doctor patient relationship – structural context • General practice • Hospital situation • Ward 16
- 17. Models of decision making 17
- 18. Shared decision making -impetus • Increased medical knowledge among patients • Prevailing social values- individual autonomy, responsibility • Chronic illness • To make choices and to balance risks & benefits • Doctors make inaccurate guesses about patients concerns & their preferences and treatment choices differ 18
- 19. Shared decision making –impetus Compliance • It is the extent to which a patient follows the clinical instructions of the physician. • Research confirms that the doctor-patient relationship is the best predictor of whether the patient will follow the doctor’s instructions and advice. Examples of compliance include: • Taking medications on schedule. • Keeping appointments. • Following directions for changes in behavior or diet. • Approximately 1/3 of patients are compliant with treatment. • 1/3 complies some of the time; and 1/3 don't comply with treatment at all. 19
- 20. Shared decision making –impetus Compliance Factors associated with decreased patient's compliance: • Perception of the physician as rejecting and unfriendly. • Physician failure to explain the diagnosis or causes of symptoms. • Increased complexity of treatment regimen i.e. more than three types of medication taken more than four times a day • Increased number of required behavioral changes. • Verbal instructions for taking medication. • Visual problems reading prescription labels (particularly in the elderly). 20
- 21. Shared decision making –impetus Compliance Factors associated with increased patient's compliance • Good doctor-patient relationship. • Written instructions for taking medication. • Patient's subjective feelings of distress or illness. • Doctor's awareness of and sensitivity to the patient's belief system. • Physician enthusiasm, permissiveness, time spent talking with the patient. • Physician experience and older physician age. • Short waiting room time. • Patient knowledge of the expected positive treatment outcome. • Patient knowledge of the names and effects of prescribed drugs. 21
- 22. Communication skills Patients perception of inadequacies of communication arise from • Content skills – what doctors say, e.g., the substance of the questions asked, the answers received, the information given, the differential diagnosis list, and the doctors medical knowledge base • Process skills – how doctors say it, e.g., how the doctor asks questions, how well he listens, how he sets up explanation and planning with the patient, how he structures his interaction and makes that structure visible to the patient through signposting or transitions &how he build relationships with patients 22
- 24. Communication and Treatment Advice, reassurance and support from the doctor can have a significant effect on recovery The placebo effect 24
- 25. Thank you “We have not lost faith, but we have transferred it from God to the medical profession.” - George Bernard Shaw