Dr. Annette Jones - Antimicrobial Legislation in CA: Process, Challenges, and Successes
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California Senate Bill 27 regulates the use of medically important antimicrobial drugs in livestock, effective January 1, 2018, requiring veterinary oversight for their administration. The bill includes stewardship guidelines, monitoring, and a mandate for reporting antibiotic use data on a public platform. Stakeholder collaboration and funding are critical for successful implementation and addressing antibiotic resistance in both animal and human health.
Dr. Annette Jones - Antimicrobial Legislation in CA: Process, Challenges, and Successes
- 1. Annette Jones, DVM State Veterinarian and Director Animal Health and Food Safety Services California Department of Food And Agriculture California Senate Bill 27 Livestock: Use of Antimicrobial Drugs (An Interesting Journey)
- 2. 2014 Legislative Foreshadowing AB 1437 Mullin Held in Committee Prohibit sale of products in CA if from livestock or poultry that were given medically important antibiotics for non-routine disease control unless certain condition were met Required all products sold to be from a slaughter plant that reports the use of antibiotics during the lifetime of animals harvested at the plant – type, dosage, purpose and disease or infection that was treated CDFA must report antibiotic use data on a “searchable, consumer friendly public website” that allows for comparisons Exempted small producers (“<250 animals or 10,000 birds”) (I thought birds were animals…) SB 835 Hill vetoed Basically made FDA GFI 213 mandatory in CA Jan 1, 2017 Passed both houses but vetoed “Do More”
- 3. CDFA Lead Working Group
- 4. Senator Hill Previous Bill through Senate and Assembly Hospital Stewardship Good Track Record of Collaboration 2015 Active input from diverse stakeholders SB 27 Livestock: Use of Antimicrobial Drugs
- 5. SB 27 Hill – Signed by Governor (Issues considered during the legislative process) Veto in 2014 – “Do more” Medically important Implementation date (label & compliance issues) Feed & water vs all inc “injectables” (access) Livestock vs all animals Veterinarian training Tracking use Prevention/prophylaxis Stewardship – regulated vs outreach and training National agenda vs State agenda AMR vs how animals are raised Yes FDA GFI 152 1/1/2018 Vet Retail License Annual visit CDFA Regulations Confidentiality; Comprehensive inc. Outcomes SB 361 Judicious Use CE Yes, but defined
- 6. SB 27 Livestock: Use of Antimicrobial Drugs I. Limits Use (January 1, 2018) II. Stewardship Guidelines III.Monitoring/Surveillance
- 7. Limits Use Effective January 1, 2018 Applies to use in livestock, but not bees or species usually kept as pets Specific to medically important antimicrobials as defined by FDA GFI 152 Appendix A, including updates Can only be administered if ordered by a veterinarian via prescription or veterinary feed directive, under a valid veterinarian- client-patient relationship
- 8. Limits Use Can only be used when in the judgement of a licensed veterinarian is necessary to treat, control and in some cases, prevent disease or infection Prevention / Prophylaxis If related to surgery or medical procedure If “in the professional judgement of a licensed veterinarian, it is needed for prophylaxis to address an elevated risk of contraction of a particular disease or infection” If used to prevent disease beyond when related to surgery or medical procedure, can not be used in a “regular pattern” Can never use solely for weight gain or feed efficiency
- 9. Limits Use Medically important antibiotics labeled by FDA for over the counter (OTC) sales can still be obtained from retailers with prescription or VFD Veterinary Food Animal Drug Retailer (B&P) Retail License for Restricted Drugs (FAC) May need regulations to add clarity Violations Licensed veterinarian: Practice Act disciplinary sanctions Others: Up to $250/day; second violation up to $500/day
- 10. Stewardship No delay in implementation Requires that CDFA work with others to develop “antimicrobial stewardship guidelines and best management practices for veterinarians and livestock owners and employees” Must include scientifically validated best practices such as vaccination, sanitation and other management practices that may limit the need for antibiotics
- 11. Stewardship Must include guidance on selection of most appropriate antimicrobial drug, dose, duration and route of administration Must include guidance on limiting the number of animals treated and minimizing the duration of treatment
- 12. Monitoring No delay in implementation Leveraging federal efforts, gather information that may lead to a better understanding of the links between use patterns and resistance Gather antimicrobial sales and use data, conduct surveillance for resistance, and gather management practice data (including health outcomes) California’s major livestock segments Regions with significant livestock production Representative segments of the food production chain
- 13. Monitoring Willing participants and respecting veterinary- client-patient confidentiality Authority to request and receive copies of VFD’s Information must be held confidential unless aggregated Can be shared with VMB for enforcement of Practice Act or Federal entities if confidentiality will also be protected under federal law Report to the legislature January 1, 2019
- 14. What now? Department of Public Health Board of Pharmacy Veterinary Medical Board Producers and producer organizations Feed mills and feed industry organizations Retail stores distributing or potentially distributing antibiotics Pharmaceutical companies and business organizations Veterinarians and veterinarian professional organizations Schools of Veterinary Medicine Consumer advocates CA Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Drug Administration Others TBD Extensive use of ad hoc advisory committees comprised of stakeholders as well as technical specialists and scientific advisors for specific topics Stakeholders include:
- 15. What now? Funding will determine ability to implement Pending the 2016/17 Budget Process Proposed CA Governor’s Budget: 8 Positions and $1.393 million General Fund Estimated total cost for SB 27 implementation is ~ $4 million, if USDA is funded for Action Plan 2016/17 President’s budget: USDA Zoonotic Disease Line Item ~$10 million additional for AMR efforts FDA: Some funds from NARMS
- 16. Antibiotic Resistance My Take Home This is a real issue and we all should be proactive Use in humans is unquestionably the driver of the most concerning antibiotic resistance Use in animals can lead to antibiotic resistance affecting animal health as well as human health Stay tuned as many States, USDA and FDA gear up for change MUST be a collaborative approach NIAA is a step ahead Good job!!!!
- 17. Thanks! Annette Jones, DVM State Veterinarian and Director Animal Health and Food Safety Services California Department of Food and Agriculture [email protected]