Dr. Rajashekhar Shirvalkar Educational technology module 2
- 1. Educational Technology: Module-2 Approaches to Educational Technology Presented by Dr. Rajashekhar Shirvalkar SMRS B.Ed and M.Ed College, Kalaburagi
- 2. Hello, Dear Students In previous class we had discussed in Module-1 about Meaning, Definitions, Nature, Objectives and Importance of Educational Technology. Today, we will discuss on Approaches to Educational Technology.
- 3. The study & ethical practice of facilitating learning & improving performances by creating, using & managing appropriate technological processes & resources. Teaching Technology 01 Instructional technology is the branch of education concerned with the scientific study of instructional design and development and the theory and practice of using technology for education. Instructional Technology 02 It refers to the application of behavioural sciences like psychology of educational theories and practical teaching – learning problems, instruction and motivation etc. Behavioral Technology 03 Educational Technology can be classified into two categories on the basis of Applicability and Approach On the basis of Applicability Approaches to Educational Technology
- 5. Content of Teaching Technology K. Davies and Robert Glaser (1962) have developed the content of teaching technology and classified into 4 elements. 1.Planning of Teaching 2.Organization of teaching 3.Leading of teaching 4.Controlling of teaching
- 10. Assumptions of Teaching Technology The content of teaching technology is based on the following assumptions.
- 11. Characteristics of Teaching Technology The following are the main features of Teaching Technology. 1 • All the 3 domains of objectives: cognitive, affective and psychomotor can be achieved by this technology. 2 • It can make the teaching more effective. 3 • Teaching technology is based on philosophical, sociological and scientific knowledge of education. 4 • Teaching can be organized at 3 levels namely: memory, understanding and reflective level of teaching. 5 • As a system it consists of the inputs, process and outputs with the focus on teachers. 6 • The teaching-learning process can be made effective with the help of teaching technology
- 16. 3. Behavioral Technology 1.This technology is closely related to psychology. 2.Psychology is the Science of behaviour and learning is the modification of behaviour through activities and experiences. 3.It is an application of scientific knowledge or modifying teacher’s behaviour. 4.It is also called as ‘Training Technology’ 5.The chief exponents of B.T: Flanders, B.F. Skinner, Anderson, and Amidon.
- 17. 3. Behavioral Technology:Content of Behavioural Technology Methods of observing teacher’s behaviour and its rating (speed). The interpretation and evaluation of teacher behaviour. Meaning & definition of teacher behaviour. Assumptions & theory of teacher behaviour. Models of classroom interaction. Various techniques of developing teacher behaviour such as, Micro teaching Team teaching Interaction analysis techniques Programmed instruction A teacher learns the following subject-matter (topics) under this technology:
- 18. 3. Behavioral Technology: Characteristics It has the focus to achieve the psychomotor objectives. The specific teaching skills can be developed in teacher with the help of this technology. The basic foundation is psychology. It is based upon software approach. Reinforcement and feedback are emphasized. It aims at producing effective teachers by modifying the behaviour. It is more useful for teacher training institutions. The following are the main features of Behavioural Technology:
- 19. The hardware approach refers to the use of machines and other mechanical devices in the process of education. Hardware Approach 01 Software Approach is concerned with teaching objectives in behavioural terms, principles of teaching, methods of teaching, reinforcement of instructional system, feedback, reviews and evaluation. Software approach tries to develop all the three basic components of technology, i.e. Input, Process and Output. Software Approach 02 System approach is a systematic attempt to coordinate all aspects of a problem towards specific objectives. The System Approach focuses first upon the learner and then course content, learning experiences and effective media and instructional strategies. System Approach 03 There are three types of educational technology on the basis of approaches. They are: On the basis of Approaches Approaches to Educational Technology We discuss in next module-3
- 20. Aspect Teaching Technology Instructional Technology Behavioural Technology 1. Exponents D. K Davies, N.L Gagne Herbert, Hunt, Bruner and Robert Glaser. B. F Skinner, Glaser, Gilbert, Mager Flanders, B.F Skinner, Anderson and Amidon 2. Objectives Development of cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. Development of Cognitive domain. Development of psychomotor (skills). 3. Components / approach Content and communication Physical (Hardware) approach Behavioural (Software) approach 4. Basis / Foundation of teaching Philosophical, sociological psychological and scientific Psychological and scientific basis Psychological and cybernetics. 5. content – Planning of teaching – Organization of teaching – Leading of teaching – Controlling of teaching – Task analysis – Formulating objectives in behavioural terms – Reinforcement strategies – Teacher behaviour theories – Teaching models – Observation techniques – Analysis and modifications of Teacher behaviour. 6. Level / Types of teaching and learning – memory – understanding – Reflective – Programmed learning (self) – CAI – Learner Controlled Instruction – Interaction analysis – Micro Teaching – Team Teaching 7. Principles – Art of teaching and science of learning Input, Process, Output Principles of learning feedback and reinforcement 8. Role of teacher As Manager As helper As an observer or supervisor 9. Application Improving classroom teaching and making it effective and purposive Self – instruction, Correspondence education & remedial teaching Teacher education and teacher training Comparison among Different Forms of Educational Technology
- 21. References: Ellington, H. P. F. and Race, P. (2005). Handbook of Educational Technology, Third Edition, London: Kogan Page Ltd. IGNOU, (2000). ES-361: Educational Technology, B.Ed. Programme, New Delhi: IGNOU, pp. 9-11. IGNOU, (2009) MES-031, Introduction to Educational Technology? New Delhi: IGNOU, Unit-1, pp. 1-19. Kulkarni, S. S. (1986). Introduction to Educational Technology, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. pp. 143-144. Kumar, K. L. (1997). Educational Technology: A Practical Textbook for Students, Teachers, Professionals and Trainers. New Delhi: New Age International. NCERT, (2012). Proposed Syllabus of Educational Technology and ICT for Teacher Education Programme. CIET, New Delhi. Sharma, R. A. (2004). Technological Foundations of Education, Third edition, R. Lal Publications, Meerut Skinner, B. F. (1968). The Technology of Teaching, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Walia, J. S. (1997). Educational Technology, Paul Publishers, Jalandhar: pp. 104-120.
- 22. Thank You References: Ellington, H. P. F. and Race, P. (2005). Handbook of Educational Technology, Third Edition, London: Kogan Page Ltd. IGNOU, (2000). ES-361: Educational Technology, B.Ed. Programme, New Delhi: IGNOU, pp. 9-11. IGNOU, (2009) MES-031, Introduction to Educational Technology? New Delhi: IGNOU, Unit-1, pp. 1-19. Kulkarni, S. S. (1986). Introduction to Educational Technology, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. pp. 143-144. Kumar, K. L. (1997). Educational Technology: A Practical Textbook for Students, Teachers, Professionals and Trainers. New Delhi: New Age International. NCERT, (2012). Proposed Syllabus of Educational Technology and ICT for Teacher Education Programme. CIET, New Delhi. Sharma, R. A. (2004). Technological Foundations of Education, Third edition, R. Lal Publications, Meerut Skinner, B. F. (1968). The Technology of Teaching, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Walia, J. S. (1997). Educational Technology, Paul Publishers, Jalandhar: pp. 104-120.