drgopal thesis ppt.pptx
- 1. Dr Gopalakrishna prabhu T , Final year Pg scholar, Dpt of Dravyaguna vigyana , KVGAMC Sullia Guide Dr Vijayalaksmi PB, MD Professor, Dpt of Dravyaguna vigyana , KVGAMC Sullia HOD Dr N Rajasekhara MD,Phd (Ayu) Professor and HOD Dpt of Dravyaguna vigyana , KVGAMC Sullia
- 2. Introduction Objectives Literary Review Materials and methods Observations and results Discussion Conclusion Summary
- 3. Human cultures have always been influenced by plants and plant products. All indigenous remedies have their roots in one way or the other in folk remedies. These time tested folklore drugs are still as mystery as untouched by Dravyaguna researchers and may provide the solution of acceptance of these in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of the firm basics. In perspective of this the present drug of study, Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd., called locally as 'Banda' or 'Bandanaru' an unexplored potential folklore plant used in children as an equivalent to breast milk claiming considerable results in folklore traditions in the region of Dakshina Kannada .
- 4. Malnutrition in infants – very common . Depletion in breast milk quality due to various factors Resulting in oxidative stress in infants . Most of the diseases arising due to this . Hence a supportive to breast milk is essential
- 5. To study the literature regarding Bandanaru – Bridelia scandens Roxb, Willd. Pharmacognostical , Nutritional and Analytical study. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of Bandanaru – Bridelia scandens Roxb, Willd in vitro.
- 6. Rarely few studies available . No description in classics . References in books of modern period like Flora of british india, Flora of Malayan Peninsula, The Flora of Presidency of Bombay ,Flora of Chikmagalur District , Flora of Saurashtra ,The Wealth of India , Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants with Active Principles etc
- 7. Botanical Name: Bridelia scandens (Roxb.) Willd . Family : Euphorbiaceae Synonyms of botanical name – Bridelia stipularis (L.) blume Bridelia montana Woodrow ex J.J Sm.nom.inval Bridelia zollingeri Mig.
- 8. Kingdom Plantae Phylum Tracheophyta Class Magnoliopsida Order Malpighiales Family Euphorbiaceae Genus Bridelia Species scandens Botanical name Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd.
- 9. Common name : Climbing Bridelia Kannada : Banda, bandanaru, Aksattheballi, Bisalballi Malayalam : Kanjikottam , Cherukapanachi, Cherupanachi, Hindi : Kangiabel, Khaji Tamil : Kodimaruthu
- 10. Woody shrub with big pendent branches Bark- Grey hard deeply fissured Leaves- elliptic –oblong or ovate 2.5 to 10 x 1.5 2-5 Cm, sub coraceous glabrous above , pale pubescent beneath Flowers- monoecious, greenish yellow in small and dense axillary clusters or long spikes often subtended by stipular hairy obliquely lanceolate acute bracts. Fruits -drupes are 9mm long or more, ovoid or ellipsoid, oblong seated on the slightly enlarged calyx and is juicy when ripe, succulent and smooth Parts used –leaves, stem bark, root.
- 12. Bark decoction is used for cough fever and asthma , and as a Gargle for sores in the mouth it is also useful in jaundice. Fresh tender leaves are used for the Treatment of Jaundice. The leaf emulsion is used as a remedy for anaemia incidental to pregnancy. Decoction of wood is administrated orally to treat Malaria disease. Leaf extracts are used for the Treatment of Jaundiceallergy inflammation ,scabies, dermatitis and anaemia due to pregnancy Leaf powder and warm leaf powder are applied to white spots on the skin. Root extract along with the combination for another plant is used to treat herpes. Used in the treatment of Amavata in certain parts of Karnataka state.
- 13. Panchavalli taila -Bridelia Scandens leaf -used in fractures for external application Agnichikitsa-a treatment modality for Hemiplegia (Pakshaghata)-the traditional healers of Ankola district Along with Nirgundi, Agnimantha, Vana Tulasi,Sarsapa , Haridra ,Marica , Lavanga and Lasuna are made into a paste by grinding with water.and is applied all over the body below the neck for 7 days .
- 14. Swarasa – of leaf or bark not reported to be in practice Kalka – kalka of leaves and bark used for external applications Kashaya – of bark used Taila- leaves are used as ingredient in taila prereration
- 15. Antimicrobial activity Anti –Hepatotoxic activity Anti – Diabetic activity Anti candidial effect Thrombolytic Activity Anti inflammatory activity
- 16. Since the plant is easily available and abundantly growing, no need of cultivation presently. stem bark -any time. leaves can be harvested during rainy season or after. Winter season is the flowering and fruiting season .
- 17. Pharmacognostical study including organoleptic and macroscopic study Analytical study including Nutritional analysis In vitro antioxidant study
- 18. Bark of the plant Bandanaru( Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd) from the surrounding areas of Sullia township of Dakshina kannada. was collected and dried for powdering and analysis. Organoleptic study- DG lab KVGAMC Microscopic study- DG lab KVGAMC, CMPR,Kotakkal Aryavaidyasala (powder microscopy) Determination of taste- Taste with toungue methord.
- 19. Physico-chemical analysis was done at department of Dravyaguna, K.V.G.A.M.C, Sullia and QC Department Aryavaidyasala kotakkal extraction (Aqueous, Alcoholic, Chloroform and benzene) physical methods quantitative standards like total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, moisture content, extractives, Volatile oil, foreign matter and pH were determined.
- 20. TEST OF CARBOHYDRATES- Fehling’s Test Benedict’s test TEST FOR PROTEINS - Biuret Test, Million’s Test TESTS FOR AMINO ACIDS- Ninhydrin Test TESTS FOR TANNINS AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS TESTS FOR STEROIDS- Salkowski reaction TEST FOR SAPONIN TEST FOR ALKALOID TEST FOR FLAVONOIDS TEST FOR PHENOL
- 21. Tests for calcium Tests for Magnesium Test for Sodium Test for Pottassium Test for Iron Test for Sulphate Test for Phosphate Test for Chloride Test for Carbonate CHROMATOGRAPHY- HPTLC
- 22. TESTS FOR VITAMINS – A,C,D
- 23. Centre for Biotechnology and Phyto pharmacognosy research , Coimbatore. Bark powder DPPH radical-scavenging activity ABTS RADICAL SCAVENGING ASSAY
- 25. Physical appearance Powder Colour Pale brown Odour Like tea powder Taste Astringent Touch Coarse and fibrous
- 26. 20 volunteers reported that they perceived Kashaya rasa only . 10 volunteers reported the taste of test drug as Kashaya rasa and Madhura as Anurasa
- 27. 15 volunteers were given 5gm of bark churna of Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd. in the morning before food and in the night, after food for 3 days.
- 29. Guna Snigdha, Laghu Veerya Sheeta Vipaka Katu Dosagnatha Tridosha hara Dhatukarma Dhatu vardhaka
- 30. Cork- Several layers of thick walled , flat , rectangular cells with yellowish brown content . Phellogen – two layers of colourless thin walled tangentionally elongated cells Phelloderm -5-6 rows, thin walled rectangular cells , with rhomboidal crystals and starch grains Cortex-wide, parenchymatous,with group of stone cells . Stone cells- lignified , pitted rectangular 4-5 layered , contain calcium oxalate crystals. Numerous non lignified fibrous cells are also seen .
- 41. Euphorbiaceae consists of several important medicinal plants with wide range of biological activities and interesting Phyto chemical constituents A good number of species Scandens have been used traditionally from a long time for a number of ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. Focus of this study was on evaluation of bark powder of Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd. For its nutritional equivalence to breast milk and to test its Antioxidant activity in vitro.
- 42. Ayurveda described various Rasayana drugs which offer prompt antioxidant potentials Rasayana drugs increases collagen fibrin synthesis, absorption of iron and levels of natural antioxidants; dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidise and therefore reduces risk of oxidative stress. Breast milk, the primary source of nutrition for children ,contains fats, proteins, carbohydrates ,minerals like calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
- 43. Kashaya pradhana Rasa, Madhura Anurasa So the guna will be Guru , Snighdha and Katu Vipaka. The Guru Snigda guna and katu vipaka of the drug makes it nourishing and may contribute to its Rasayana karma and uttarothara dhatu poshana. Karma . Observing its gunas, we can infer that the drug has Tridosha hara properties.
- 44. It was observed that water soluble extract(9..42%) was more than that of alcohol soluble extract(8.31%) of the test drug. This substantiates the indication of Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd in Kashaya form as mentioned in folklore books. Preliminary phytochemical analysis- Flavanoid, Alkaloid, Tannin ,Phenol, Saponin apart from Proteins, Carbohydrates, Starch and Steroids.
- 45. Tannin and Phenol -Antioxidant potential Flavanoids, Alkaloids - immuno modulatory as well as anti inflammatory actions. Steroids are immune boosters . Saponins-expectorants and antitussives Thus can substantiate that the use of bark kashaya
- 46. Presence of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Sulphates and chloride were observed. These nutrients are very much essential in development of children and contributes to many factors of maintaining health in them.
- 47. 10 peaks obtained at 254nm,66nm being 18193.6 (AU)12 peaks at 366nm.the total area at 254nm being 21009.6 (AU) respectively.
- 49. DPPH assay It was observed that the percentage inhibition was correspondingly improving with successive concentrations of methanolic extract of Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd, when the absorbance was observed through an ELISA reader. At 100 µg/ml concentration , the percentage inhibition was around 44.13 , which steadily improved upto 73.3 percent at a concentration of 400 µg/ml. mean while the standard kept Ascorbic acid showed max inhibition of 71.03. thus the radical scavenging activity of the drug is undoubghtedly proved to be stable. So the drug Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd is fairly proves to be having radical scavenging activity and thus can be an effective antioxidant .
- 50. Here , the sample at 400 dilution was observed to have a percentage inhibition of 70.17 . at successive dilutions from 100 to 400 , observed a steady increase of percentage inhibition from 24.67 to 70.17 respectively . while the standard ascorbic acid showed 67.609 . thus the drug Bridelia scandens shows a good radical scavenging activity and thus proves its antioxidant potential radical cation decolorization assay.
- 51. As the test drug is having Kashaya Madhura rasa , it can contribute to karmas like Preenana, Lekhana, Rakta prasadana . As the drug is Guru Snigda guna , Kashaya Madhura rasa, it can impart Rasayana karma, Sandhana karma , Dharana Poshana karma to the body. Presence of Tannin and Flavanoid in the test drug contributes to actions like anti bacterial and antioxidant. Presence of Saponin in the drug makes the drug to act as antitussives, and expectorant . Steroid and Flavanoid contents in the drug imparts an Immuno modulatory action
- 52. The presence of Protein, Carbohydrates, and Starch imparts energy to the tissues, and contributes to cell development and anabolism . The drug has presence of Calcium which contributes to the growth of bones Iron presence contributes to cognitive function , supports healthy skin , hair and nails, boosts the immune system Presence of Sulphates aids maintenance of cell membranes . Therefore the trial drug can be utilised for the development of a potent nutritional suppliment
- 53. Malnutrition is one of the major causes of ill health in children. Breast milk inadequacy is due to many factors Ayurveda advocates the use of many yogas to be administered in children in the absence of breast milk Bandanaru is one such un explored drug , though not mentioned in Ayurvedic classical literatures , is in practice among the folklore of Karnataka which , when administered as a Kashaya with Guda and Goksheera as Anupana equivalent to breast milk.
- 54. The drug is Kashaya rasa pradhana dravya having Madhura Anurasa Guru Snigdha guna ,Seeta veerya and Katu Vipaka. Phyto-chemical study showed the presence of Flavanoids, Alkaloid, Phenol and Steroid in the test drug. which proves its effect on immune system to combat infections. With Physico-chemical study It wasobserved that water soluble extract(9..42%) was more than that of alcohol solubleextract(8.31%) of the test drug. This substantiates the indication of Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd in kashaya form as mentioned in folklore books.
- 55. Test for inorganic compounds showed Presence of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Sulphates and chloride were observed Test for vitamins showed the presence of vitamin A , which is essential to support rapid growth and to combat infections in children The drug is having definite demonstrable radical scavenging activity ascertained by In vitro study conducted using ABTS and DPPH assay.
- 56. It is possible to develop the test drug into a potent nutritional supplement and a weaning time nutritional drink either alone or in combination with other drugs It is very essential to explore the other possibilities of this Extra pharmacopeal drug , as it is found in abundance. Effective measures for conservation of the drug should be done .
- 57. Quantitative analysis Human trails The trial drug is having scopes to develop into a potent nutritional supplement and a weaning time nutritional drink for growing children by using the drug alone or together with similar drugs Source of an economical nutritional supplement. Other parts of the Drug Bridelia scandens Roxb Willd ( Fruits, Leaf, Root etc) should be analysed for its nutritional values and antioxidant activity so as to use the drug to its maximum possibility.