Drupal 8 - Core and API Changes

Drupal 8
Core and API Changes
Shabir Ahmad
MS Software Engg. NUST
Principal Software Engineser – PHP/Drupal
engr.shabir@yahoo.com

Agenda
• What's coming in Drupal 8 for…
o End users and clients?
o Site builders?
• Designers and themers?
o Twig templates
• Developers?
o Symfony Components
o Module development
o Plugin System
• Tools and External libraries (Composer, Drush, Guzzle, DrupalAppConsole)
• API Function changes
• How can I contribute to community

End Users & Site Builders
• WYSIWYG in Core
• Better Authoring Experience
• In place editing
• Responsive in its Core (Mobile friendly admin panel)
• Responsive admin panel
• Web services and view in its core
• English no more special language. Multilingual out of the box
http://www.slideshare.net/AcquiaInc/drupal-8-preview-what-to-expect?qid=5f17d509-2207-
4521-9994-a093a776a41b&v=qf1&b=&from_search=5

Yeyyyy!!! We can use all html 5 benefits without installing any contrib modules

HTML5 Form Elements
$form['telephone'] = array(
'#type' => 'tel',
'#title' => t('Phone'),
);
$form['website'] = array(
'#type' => 'url',
'#title' => t('Website'),
);
$form['email'] = array(
'#type' => 'email',
'#title' => t('Email'),
);
$form['tickets'] = array(
'#type' => 'number',
'#title' => t('Tickets required'),
);

What is TWIG??
• A PHP Template Engine to separate Presentation layer from the
Controller/Model (PHP)
• Developed by same people behind Symfony; yes, that’s in Drupal 8
Core too
But PHP was Just fine,
Why on earth to use twig!!

Common Complaints
• Mixed PHP with HTML can be just plain sloppy and hard to read
• PHP still has to scan html documents looking for all those <?php
tags amongst the HTML
• Designers have too much power and can open security bugs in the
presentation layer with PHP
• Defining a function or filtering for theming was sloppy — no real
standard way
• Php is faster but twig is safer As a developer you can’ do any php in
templates like
<?php $user = db_query(“SELECT n.nid FROM users WHERE uid = “.$_GET[‘uid’].“)”; ?>
http://twig.sensiolabs.org/doc/templates.html

Benefits
• An extendable template engine
• Secure (can enable variable output escaping globally)
• It’s Unit Tested
• Great documentation and online resources
• Not coupled to Symfony so it has its own roadmap and community
• Easy to understand clean syntax
• Once you know it, can use it in other PHP frameworks outside of
Drupal
• Syntax support in several IDEs (Sublime text,PHPStorm, Netbeans)

Lets understand the basics of Twig
Operation PHP (Drupal 7) Twig (Drupal 8)
Print output <?php print $something[‘key’] ?> {{ something.key }}
Comments <?php // …. Or /* ….*/ { # … #}
Filters <?php t(‘Welcome, ’ . $user[‘name’]); ?> {{ ‘Welcome, @name’|t({
‘@name’: user.name }) }}
Combining filters <?php strtoupper(t(‘Welcome, ’
.$user[‘name’]);) ?>
{{ ‘Welcome, @name’|t({
‘@name’: user.name }|upper) }}
If - else <?php if (isset($user[‘name’])) {
echo $user[‘name’]
} else {
echo ‘Who are you?’ };
?>
{% if user.name is defined %}
{{ user.name }}
{% else %}
Who are you?
{% endif %}
Loops <?php foreach ( $users as $key => $user ) {
print$user[‘name’]; } ?>
{% for key, user in users %}
{{ user.name }}
{% endfor %}

Operation PHP (Drupal 7) Twig (Drupal 8)
Calculation <?php print $user[‘total’] + 1; ?> {{ users.total + 1 }}
Concat Strings <?php print strtolower(‘’Greeting
‘ . $user[‘first’]); ?>
{% set greeting = 'Hello ' %}
{% set name = user.first %}
{{ greeting ~ name|lower }}
{# Hello Shabir #}
Expressions Various strings and array function {% if 1 not in [1, 2, 3] %}
{% if 'cd' in 'abcde' %}
{% if 'Bob' starts with 'B' %}
{% if phone matches '{^[d.]+$}' %}
Logic with
Expressions
PHP: && || <>, and ,or,not {% if user.name is not defined or
user.name == ‘shab’ %}

Extending layout
• Don’t duplicate the whole twig file just to change a single piece of
output. Extend it.
{% extends ‘layout.html.twig’ %}
• Conditional Extends:Mobile variable is set in code and passed to
template
{% extends mobile ? “mobile.html.twig" : “layout.html.twig” %}
• Blocks: Define content in blocks to allow for extending of templates.
{% block sidebar %}…content… {% endblock %}
• Debugging code: In setting.php uncomment the following line.
# $settings['twig_debug'] = TRUE;
{{ dump(user) }}

Killed Support for IE6,7 and most of IE8

Changes for
coders
01110111 01101001 01101100 01101100
00100000 01100011 01101111 01100100
01100101 00100000 01110000 01101000
01110000 00100000 01100110 01101111
01110010 00100000 01100110 01101111
01101111 01100100

Web Services
It’s like Services module in core, only better.
Issue tag: WSCCI

What problems are we trying to solve?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l98dVUABD4w

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l98dVUABD4w

Module Development!! Welcome Symfony
• Drupal 8 is built on top of the following
symphony components
• HttpFoundation and HttpKernal
• Routing
• Eventdispatcher
• Dependency injection
• Class loader
• Yaml, TWIG, Serializer
https://speakerdeck.com/fabpot/symfony2-meets-drupal-8

Module Anatomy
• The core modules are now in core directory
• The contributed and custom modules are now in
modules directory
• .info file is replaced by .info.yml
• .module file are no more mandatory.
• Drupal 8 is built on top of symphony 2 components
• Using PSR-0 for autoloading the classes and controllers
modules example lib Drupal example TestsExampleFooTest.php
ExampleBarTest.
php

Lets Develop a Hello World module
• As drupal 8 is now more like a framework, Correct!! So it does have a
scaffolding tool! So you people no need to create that PSR-0 imposed
nested directories.
• Steps for installation
• Now type the following command and follow the steps
./bin/console generate:module
https://github.com/hechoendrupal/DrupalAppConsole

modules/mymodule/mymodule.info.yml
modules/mymodule/mymodule.local_task.yml

Next Add a main route file that replace hook_menu
It should also be in main directory with the name
modules/mymodule/mymodule.routing.yml

Controller contains main logic and
menu Callback
In lib/mymodule/Drupal/Controller/myController.php paste the following code

Hook_info is now a plugin
In lib/mymodule/Drupal/plugin/myblock.php paste the following code

Drupal 8 Plugin System
• So what is plugin????
Some examples of plugins
are
1) Block
2) Custom fields
3) Custom field widget
4) Cck filter type
5) Custom image effects
6) Custom Actions

Benefits of plugin
• Definition and implementation in one place, in D7 it wasn’t necessary
• Plugins are lazy loaded (the code is in loaded to memory until called)
• Code is unified and extensible
• Reusable
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2o5uY-iOoMo

Core concepts used in Drupal 8
• Dependency Injection
• Service Containers
• PSR-0
• Annotation

PSR-0 Autoloading
• Fully-qualified namespace should be in the format of
Vendor/Namespace/Classname
• Directory structure must match namespace for plugin
http://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-0

Annotation
• Metadata inside php docblocks
Normal Comment
Annotation
http://www.slideshare.net/rdohms/annotations-in-php-they-exist

Dependency Injection
• It is a symphony design pattern, some time called inversion of control.
• A class is instantiated inside a class, it means the class should know
about the class.
• If the dependent class is changed, the other class must be changed.
• We want the code to be ignorant, the more the code knows the less
reusable it will be

Service Containers
• Auto-instantiating all service oriented classes with all its registered
dependencies
• Also called dependency Injection containers
https://jtreminio.com/2012/10/an-introduction-to-pimple-and-service-containers

Some of API functions and hooks are changed in drupal 8
Operation Drupal 7 Drupal 8
String check_plain(), drupal_placeholder() String::placeholder(), String::placeholder()
Node/Entity $nodes = Node_load_multiple($nids)
Node_view_multiple($nodes)
Node_save($node);
$nodes=Entity_load_multiple(‘node’,$nids)
Entity_view_multiple($nodes)
Entity_create(‘node’,$values)->save()
Menus hook_menu
menu_get_objects()
Module.routing.yml
$request()->attributes->get(‘node’)
Taxonomies taxonomy_vocabulary_machine_name_l
oad('forums');
entity_load('taxonomy_vocabulary',
'forums');
Fields Field_info_field()
field_info_instance()
$fieldInfo = DrupalfieldField::fieldInfo();
$fieldInfo->getField($entity_type,
$field_name);
$fieldInfo->getInstance('node', 'article',
'field_name');
Alters Drupal_alter() // to alter data
Hook_form_alter()
Hook_form_id_alter
ModuleHandler::alter()
Same as d7

Some of API functions and hooks are changed in drupal 8
Operation Drupal 7 Drupal 8
hooks Module_invoke_all()
module_implements() //check if the
module implements certain hook
moduleHandler::invokeAll()
moduleHandler::getImplementations()
URLs drupal_get_query_parameters() UrlHelper::filterQueryParameters($url);
Paths (Where Am I) drupal_get_path() Drupal_get_path()
User (Who Am I) Global $user $account = Drupal::currentUser()
Modules loading and
Query entity
module_load_include()
EntityFieldQuery
Drupal::moduleHandler-
>loadInclude('node', 'inc', 'node.admin');
Drupal::entityQuery()
Javascript/css Drupal_add_js,drupal_add_css,drupal_a
dd_library
Gone in drupal 8
#attached = array(‘js’ => ‘myjs.js’)
http://slidedeck.io/fmitchell/d8apifuncnyccamp2014

Other tool.
• Composer
• Guzzle and http dev client (Chrome extension)
• Assetic (Asset manager)
• PHPUNIT for testing
• PSR/Log: Consistent logging from components and drupal
• Drupal scaffolding tool aka drupal app console
• Drush 7

Core mentoring
• Contribute your efforts to this awesome tool and make it the top of
the technologies
• Join irc channels at Tuesday morning and Wednesday evening and get
an issue to work on
• Or you can go to www.corementoring .org and get an issue

Questions????
• Thank you for you patience!!

Drupal 8 - Core and API Changes

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